Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - Is physics in China not as good as that in the United States?
Is physics in China not as good as that in the United States?
Winners of previous Nobel Prize in Physics:
Wilhelm konrad rontgen (German)
Discover x-rays
1902 Hendrick Antoine Lorenz and P. Zeeman (Netherlands)
Study the influence of magnetic field on radiation
1903 Antoine Henri Bekkerel (French)
Discover the radioactivity of matter
Pierre curie, Marie Curie (French)
Engage in radioactive research
1904 J.W. Rayleigh (UK)
Engaged in the study of gas density and found argon.
Ray Nalder (German)
Engaged in the research of cathode wire
Joseph john thomson (UK)
Make an important contribution to the theoretical and experimental research of gas discharge.
Michaelson (USA)
Optical interferometers were invented, and spectral and metrological studies were carried out with these instruments.
1908 gabriel lippmann (French)
The color photographic interference method (Lipman's interference law) was invented.
1909 Guillermo Marconi (Italy) and K. F. Brown (Germany)
Developed radio communication.
Richardson (UK)
Engaged in the study of thermionic phenomena, especially the discovery of Richardson's law.
Hannis Diderich van der Waals (Dutchman)
Engaged in the research of gas and liquid agenda
19 1 1 year Wien (German)
Discover the law of thermal radiation
1912 n.g. Darren (Sweden)
An automatic lifesaving device is invented, which can be used in conjunction with an ignition beacon and a buoy air cylinder.
19 13 H camelin-Agnes (Dutch)
Engaged in superconducting research of liquid helium.
19 14 Max van Laue (German)
X-ray diffraction in crystals was found.
William Henry Bragg and william lawrence bragg (UK)
The crystal structure was analyzed by means of X-ray.
19 16 has no prize.
Bakla (UK)
Discover the characteristics of secondary X-ray radiation of elements.
Max Karl Ernest Ludwig Planck (German)
Make great contributions to the establishment of quantum theory.
1919 J. stark (German)
The Doppler effect and spectral line splitting of canal rays under the action of electric field are found.
1920 Guillaume (Switzerland)
Discovery of abnormal phenomena in nickel-steel alloy and its importance in precision physics
192 1 year Albert Einstein (American Jew)
Discovered the law of photoelectric effect and so on.
1922 niels henrik david bohr (Denmark)
Engaged in the study of atomic structure and atomic radiation.
1923 milliken
Engaged in the study of simple charge and photoelectric effect.
1924 Swedish
The spectral lines in x-rays were found.
1925 james frank, Hertz (German)
Discover the law of collision between atoms and electrons
1926 J. B. Perrin (French)
Discontinuous structure of matter is studied, and sedimentary equilibrium is found.
1927 arthur holly compton (USA)
Compton effect (also known as Compton scattering) was discovered.
C. Wilson (English)
Invented the cloud chamber, which can show the trajectory of electrons through water vapor.
1928 O.W. Richardson (UK)
Engaged in the study of thermionic phenomena, especially the discovery of Richardson's law.
1929 Louis de Broglie (French)
Discovering matter waves
1930 Raman (India)
Engaged in the study of light scattering and found the Raman effect.
193 1 year without prizes.
1932 Werner K. Heisenberg (German)
Created quantum mechanics
1933 Erwin Schr?dinger (Austria), P.A.M Dirac (UK)
Discover a new and effective form of atomic theory
1934 There is no prize.
J. chadwick (UK)
Discover neutrons
Hess (Austria)
Discover cosmic rays;
Anderson (USA)
Discover positrons
1937 Davidson (USA) and Thomson (UK)
It is found that crystals diffract electrons.
1938 Fermi (Italian)
Found new radioactive elements produced by neutron bombardment, and realized nuclear reaction with slow neutrons.
1939 Lawrence (USA)
The cyclotron was invented and developed, and the results of artificial radioactivity were obtained.
1940 1942 did not win the prize.
1943 O. Stern (USA)
The molecular beam method and the measurement of proton magnetic moment are developed.
1944 international rabbi (USA)
Invented the famous gas nuclear magnetic resonance method.
Wolfgang Pauli (Austria)
Discovering incompatibility principle
1946 bridgman (USA)
Invented the ultra-high pressure device and made achievements in high pressure physics.
1947 appleton (UK)
Engaged in atmospheric physics research, especially the discovery of high-altitude radio short-wave ionosphere (appleton layer)
Blackett (UK)
The Wilson cloud chamber method has been improved, which has led to a series of discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic rays.
1949 Hideki Yukawa (Japanese)
Put forward the meson theory of nucleon and predict the existence of meson.
1950 Powell (UK)
A photographic emulsion recording method was developed to study the nuclear destruction process, and various mesons were found.
195 1 year J.D. Cockcroft (UK) and E.T.S Walton (Ireland)
By bombarding atoms with artificially accelerated particles, a nuclear reaction (transmutation) is initiated.
1952 F. Bloch, E.M. purcell (USA)
Engaged in the study of nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon of matter, and founded the nuclear magnetic force measurement method.
1953 F. Zelnik (Netherlands)
Invented the phase contrast microscope
1954 Max Born
Contribute to the statistical interpretation and research of quantum mechanics and wave function.
W.Bot (german)
Coincidence counting was invented to study nuclear reactions and gamma rays.
1955 west Indies Ram (USA)
Microwave technology was invented to study the fine structure of hydrogen atoms.
Page (short for page) Kush (USA)
Using RF beam technology to accurately measure the electron magnetic moment has innovated the nuclear theory.
1956 bratton, Badin and shockley (USA)
Engaged in semiconductor research and discovered the transistor effect.
Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning (Chinese Americans)
The parity law is deeply studied.
1958 P.A. Cherenkov, namely Tam, I.M. Frank (Russia)
Found and explained cherenkov effect.
1959 For example, Siegle and Chamberlain (Americans)
Discovering antiprotons
1960 prosecutor in Grasett (USA)
Bubble chamber was discovered, which replaced Wilson's fog room.
196 1 year
Study on high energy electron scattering and discovery of nucleon by linear accelerator
Mossbauer (German)
Engaged in the study of γ -ray absorption by vibration of * *, and found the Mossbauer effect.
1962 Leo Davidovic landau (Russian)
Created the theory of condensed matter, especially liquid helium.
1963 E.P. wigner (USA)
Discover the symmetry of elementary particles and the principle of controlling the interaction between protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Meyer (USA) and Zhan Sen (German)
Engaged in theoretical research of core-shell model.
1964 C.H. Towns (USA), N.G. Basov, A.M. prokhorov (Russia)
Invented microwave transmitter and laser, engaged in the basic research of quantum electronics.
1965 Asanaga Ichiro (Japan), J.S. Schwinge, R.P. Feynman (USA).
Carry out basic research on quantum electrodynamics, which has a far-reaching impact on elementary particle physics.
Kastler (French)
The double * * * vibration method is discovered and developed, which combines the * * * vibration of light with the * * * vibration of magnetic, so that the beam and radio frequency electromagnetism have double * * * vibration.
Betty (USA)
He made a contribution to the theory of nuclear reaction, especially the discovery of energy in planets.
1968 á lvarez (USA)
Through the development of liquid hydrogen bubble and data analysis technology, many * * * vibration dynamics have been found.
1969 gherman (USA)
Discover the classification and interaction of elementary particles.
1970 L. Nell (French)
Engaged in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic research.
H. Arabic (Swedish)
Engaged in the basic research of magnetohydrodynamics.
197 1 year D. gabor (UK)
Holographic method was invented and developed.
1972 bardeen, Cooper, schrieffer (USA)
The phenomenon of superconductivity is explained theoretically.
1973 Esaki Reona (Japan) and I Giaever (USA)
The "tunneling effect" and superconducting substances in semiconductors were discovered through experiments.
Dr. Josephson (English)
It is found that josephson effect exists when superconducting current passes through the tunnel barrier layer.
1974 M. Ryle and A. Hughes (UK)
Engaged in pioneering research in radio astronomy
1975a.n. Bohr, B.R. Mottleson (Danish) and J. rainwater (USA).
Engaged in the study of the internal structure of nuclear.
1976 B. Richter (USA), Ding Zhaozhong (Chinese American)
A heavy neutral meson -J /φ particle was found.
1977 p.w. Andehring, J.H. van Vleck (USA), N.F. Mott (UK)
Engaged in basic research on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems.
P. Kalca (Russian)
Engaged in the research of cryonics.
Penzias and Wilson (USA)
Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
1979 Sheldon lee glashow, steven weinberg (USA) and a Salam (Pakistan)
Predicting the existence of weak neutral flow is helpful to unify the theory of weak interaction and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.
1980 J.W. Cronin and V.L. Fitch (USA)
It is found that parity is not conserved in neutral K meson decay.
198 1 year, K.M. siegbahn (Swede) developed a high-resolution measuring instrument.
Noun (short for Noun) blom Bergen and A. Sholow (American) have contributed to the development of laser spectroscopy and high-resolution electron spectroscopy.
1982 Wilson (USA)
The critical phenomenon theory related to phase transition is put forward.
1983 Chandraseka, W.A. Fowler (USA)
Engaged in the study of the physical process of stellar evolution.
1984 Lu Biya (Italy) and van der meyer (Netherlands)
It has made a decisive contribution to the large-scale project leading to the discovery of weakly interacting carrier field particles W and Z 0.
1985 k von kritzin (German)
Hall effect is measured, and the technology of measuring physical constants is developed.
1986 E. ruska (German)
A lot of basic research has been done in the electro-optic field, and the first electron microscope has been developed.
G. Binich (Germany), Rochel (Switzerland)
A new type of electron microscope-scanning tunneling microscope is designed and developed.
1987 J.G. Bednoles (Germany) and K.A. Miller (Switzerland)
Found oxide high temperature superconductor
1988l. Lederman, M. Schwartz, J. Steinberg (USA)
Muon neutrinos were discovered, thus revealing the internal structure of leptons.
1989 W. Paul (Germany), H.G. Dehmel, N.F. Ramsey (USA)
Created the most accurate time measurement method in the world-atomic clock, and made outstanding contributions to physical measurement.
1990 J.I. Friedman, H.W. Kendall (USA) and richard taylor (Canada)
The existence of quarks was first proved by experiments.
199 1 year Pierre-Gilles Degener (French)
Engaged in theoretical research of liquid crystals and polymers.
1992g Xia Pake (French)
A multi-wire proportional counter is developed.
1993 hall, Taylor (USA)
The discovery of a pair of pulse binary stars provides a new opportunity for the study of gravity.
199.4 billion. Brockhaus (Canadian), Schell (USA)
Neutron scattering technology has been developed in the study of condensed matter.
1995 M.L. Pell, F. Raines (USA)
Subatomic particles found in nature: υ leptons and neutrinos.
1996 D.M. Lee (USA), D.D. Osheroff (USA) and Richard C. Richardson (USA).
It is found that helium -3 can flow frictionless at low temperature.
1997 Steven Chu (Chinese American), W.D. Phillips (American) and C. Cohen-Tanuji (French)
Invented the method of cooling and trapping atoms with laser.
1998 laughlin (USA), Stanley (USA) and Cui Qi (Chinese American)
Fractional quantum Hall effect was discovered.
1999 Hofter (Netherlands) and Wiltman (Netherlands)
The quantitative structure of electroplating weak interaction in physics is expounded.
Alferov (Russian), kilby (USA) and Kramer (USA) in 2000.
Because of its pioneering research, it laid the foundation of information technology and shared this year's Nobel Prize in Physics.
200 1 kettler (Germany), Cornell (USA) and Weiman (USA)
He has made achievements in "Bose-Einstein condensate of rare gases containing basic atoms" and "early basic research on the properties of condensate".
Raymond davis (USA), Masatoshi Koshiba (Japanese) and riccardo giacconi (USA) in 2002.
Pioneering contributions made in the field of astrophysics have opened two new "windows" for human beings to observe the universe.
In 2003, Alexei Abrikosov (dual citizenship of the United States and Russia), Vitaly Ginzburg (Russia) and anthony leggett (dual citizenship of Britain and the United States).
Pioneering contribution to superconductor and superfluid theory.
In 2004, David Gross, David Polizer and Frank Wilczek (all Americans).
The study of quarks by these three scientists has brought science closer to realizing its dream of establishing a theory for "everything".
In 2005, John L. Hall of the University of Colorado, Roy J. Glauber of Harvard University and Theodore Hensch of Ludwig maximilian University.
The research results can improve GPS technology.
In 2006, John Mather and goerge smoot (both Americans)
The black body form and the disturbance phenomenon of cosmic microwave background radiation are found.
Albert Fell (French) and peter green Berg (German) in 2007.
The "giant magnetoresistance" effect was discovered independently. This technology is considered as "one of the first practical applications in the promising field of nanotechnology".
In 2008, Xiao Lincheng, Yi Chuanmin and Yoichiro Nambu (Japan)
The spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism of subatomic physics was discovered.
How many Americans are among the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics? But no one is from China.
Personal feelings. Don't underestimate the people of China. Our educational methods should not. It is impossible to surpass the United States in the past 30 years.
Besides, so many technical talents have escaped.
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