What does it mean to "send Yuan Ershi to Anxi"?

[Tang] Wang Wei

Weicheng is rainy and dusty, and the guest house is green and willow.

Advise you to drink one more glass of wine. There is no reason to go out to Yangguan in the west. [ 1] [2]

Annotation translation

Sentence annotation

(1) Yuan Er: Yuan, who ranks second, is a friend of the author. Dispatch: Send a special envoy. Anxi: refers to the capital of Anxi in the Tang Dynasty, where it was ruled in Qiuci City (now Kuqa, Xinjiang).

⑵ Weicheng: Xianyang ancient city in Qin Dynasty, Weicheng in Han Dynasty. Chao (zhāo) Rain: It rained this morning. Yi: wet.

(3) Hostel: posthouse, hotel. Willow color: willow symbolizes parting.

(4) More: Drink dry again, and then finish it.

5. Yangguan: Located in the southwest of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, it is the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. Old friend: Old friend. [3] [4]

Vernacular translation

A spring rain in the morning of the Acropolis moistened the faint dust, and the green willows around the guest house were particularly fresh.

An old friend invites you for another farewell drink. There are no old friends outside Yangguan West Road. [3]

Creation background

This poem was written by Wang Wei when he sent his friends to the northwest frontier. Later, it was composed for musicians, and it was called "Three Layers in Yangguan", also known as "The Acropolis Song", which was written about before the Anshi Rebellion. The place to see him off is Weicheng. The poet sent his friend Yuaner to the Duhu Building in Anxi, from Chang 'an to Weicheng Guest House, and finally to the place where he broke up, making this seven-line farewell. [4] [5]

works appreciation

Overall appreciation

The poem "Sending Yuan to Twenty Shores Xi" is concise in language and vivid in image. Because it expresses rich and profound feelings with ingenious artistic techniques and expresses everyone's reluctant feelings, it was composed into a song in the Tang Dynasty and became a farewell song at the banquet, called "Yangguan Song". In Bai Juyi's Five Poems on Wine, there is a sentence: "Don't refuse to get drunk when you meet, listen to the fourth sound of Yangguan", and indicate that "the fourth sound means' advise you to drink more wine'". Wang Wei's poem has another title, "Three folds in the sunshine", because when singing, the first sentence is not folded, and the other three sentences are sung again. But some people think that only the last sentence overlaps three songs. According to Bai Juyi's Four Tones, the first sentence should not overlap, and the other three sentences overlap, otherwise the sentence "advise you" can't be "four tones". Judging from Bai Juyi's poems, the Tang Dynasty should be a "person who went out of Xiyangguan for no reason" who repeatedly sang this poem.

The first two sentences of this poem describe the time, place and atmosphere of farewell, creating a melancholy atmosphere for farewell. In the morning, the Acropolis Guest House extends from east to west, and the postal road has no end. Willow trees surround the guest house and the postal road is on both sides. All this is a very common sight, but it is picturesque and lyrical. Yu Chao plays an important role here. The rain didn't last long in the morning, but it stopped as soon as it got wet. On the avenue starting from Chang 'an West, cars and horses crisscross on weekdays, and it is dusty. When I saw you off, the rain suddenly stopped, the weather was fine, and the road looked clean and refreshing. The word "light dust" means wet, and it is used in a measured way here, indicating that the rain is clear and the dust is not wet, just right, just like God's will, and a light dust road is specially arranged for people who travel far away. Hostel, originally a companion of travelers; Willow is a symbol of parting. Choosing these two things is the author's intention to say goodbye. They are usually associated with sadness and no hatred, and show a fascinating emotion. But at the moment, because of a shower of morning rain, there is a clear and fresh look-"the guest house is green and willow is new in color." On weekdays, the roads are dusty, and the willow color on the roadside is often shrouded in gray dust and fog. It takes a rain to wash its green color again, so "new" is because of the new willow color, which reflects the green guest house. In a word, from clear skies to clean roads, from green guest houses to green willows, a picture with fresh and clear colors has been formed, which provides a typical natural environment for this farewell. This is a affectionate parting, but it is not a sad parting. Instead, it reveals a light and hopeful mood. The rhymes of words such as "light dust", "green" and "new" are soft and lively, which strengthens the reader's feeling.

There are strict restrictions on the length of quatrains. This poem, about how to hold a farewell banquet, how to raise glasses frequently at the banquet, how to say goodbye euphemistically, how to be reluctant to part with it, how to pay attention to the distance after boarding the ship, etc., was abandoned, except for the host's toast at the end of the farewell banquet: "Drink this cup again, and you will never see your old friend again when you get out of Yangguan." The poet, like a clever photographer, took the most expressive photos. The banquet lasted for a long time, and the wine full of special feelings was drunk too much. The words of polite farewell were repeated many times. The time for friends to go on the road is finally coming, and the feelings of farewell between host and guest have reached its peak at this moment. The toast blurted out by the host is the concentrated expression of the strong and profound farewell feeling at this moment.

Three or four farewell words are a whole. If you want to deeply understand the deep feelings contained in this parting consolation, you can't help but involve "going west to Yang Guan". Yangguan, located at the western end of Hexi Corridor, is opposite to Yumenguan in the north. Since the Han dynasty, it has been the channel for the mainland to go out of the western regions. The national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, and there were frequent exchanges between the mainland and the western regions. Joining the army or going to Yangguan is a desirable feat in the eyes of the prosperous Tang people. But at that time, the western part of Yangguan was still poor and barren, and the scenery was very different from that of the mainland. Although it is a feat, my friend's "going west to Yangguan" has to go through a long March and be prepared for the hardships and loneliness of going alone. Therefore, when he left, "advise you to drink more wine" was like a cup of rich emotional nectar, which soaked all the rich and profound friendship of the poet. There is not only a feeling of parting, but also a deep concern for the traveler's situation and mood, and sincere wishes for the future. For the party who saw him off, persuading the other party to "have another glass of wine" is not only to let his friend take away more of his friendship, but also to delay the breakup intentionally or unintentionally and let the other party stay for a moment. The feeling that "people have no reason to go out of Xiyangguan" belongs not only to walkers. Parting, I have a lot to say, but I don't know where to start at the moment. On this occasion, there is often silence. "Advise you to drink more wine" is a way to unconsciously break this silence and express the rich and complicated feelings at the moment. What the poet has not said is much richer than what he has said. In short, although three or four sentences are only moments, they are extremely rich moments.

This poem describes the most common parting. It has no special background, but it has its own deep feelings of farewell, which is suitable for most people to sing outside the banquet. Later, it was compiled into Yuefu and became the most widely circulated and longest-lasting song. [5] [6]

Famous comments

Liu Chenweng's evaluation of Wang Meng's poems in Song Dynasty: more than 10,000 quatrains, the first in ancient and modern times. Gu Yun: The so-called "three floors of Yangguan" by later generations is worthy of the name.

Interpretation of Tang Xian's quatrains in Yuan Zaju: The first sentence hides dust, and the second sentence hides willow. Draw on both sides. It's wonderful. From the essay "Mo Yan's glass of wine is hard to hold tomorrow".

Li Dongyang's "Lutang Poetry" in Ming Dynasty: When writing a poem, you should not believe in words, but express your meaning in words. Words can convey meaning, songs can be sung and passed down. Wang Mo's remark that "there is no reason in Yangguan" was unknown before the prosperous Tang Dynasty. When this remark came out, it was not enough for a while, and it was a three-fold song. After the farewell, there are thousands of words. It can hardly be unexpected. It must be so, it can be said that the ears are empty.

Gui Tianxiang's Taste of Tang Poetry in the Ming Dynasty: "Three Things in Yangguan", the Tang people thought that the farewell song, although tuned to death, had a sad syllable.

Ao Ying's Selected Poems of Tang Poetry in Ming Dynasty: Tang people don't write poems, but they are swan songs.

Hu Yinglin's poem in Ming Dynasty: "A few bagpipes leave the pavilion late, you go to Xiaoxiang and I go to Qin", "People wake up at dusk, the sky is full of wind and rain, and the west building is full of sighs", but the charm is very weak. "It's raining in Weicheng" is a spoken language, but it's as good as new for thousands of years. On Samadhi in the Late Tang Dynasty.

Gao Kun's The True Voice of Tang Poetry in the Ming Dynasty: Wu Yi said: Words written by letter will last forever. They all thanked the light and chased it in the air. They are too white and few people, how can they win!

The Mirror of Tang Poems by Lu Shiyong in Ming Dynasty: It is a poem of eternal love.

Tang Ruxun's Interpretation of Tang Poetry in Ming Dynasty: There were hundreds of millions of farewell poems in Tang Dynasty, but Yangguan was famous for its true feelings. Those who chisel chaos are all unfavorable.

General Comment on Tang Shilin by Zhou Zun in Ming Dynasty: Xie Fangde said: It means long ago. Tang Ruxun said, "It's a farewell song." . Deliberate is not good. Jiang said: A sad passage is heartbreaking.

Tang Dingfeng of Xing Yun in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty: his charm is extraordinary, his voice is biting, and he lasts as long as new, and there is no successor.

In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, Huang Sheng's "Don't forget the Tang Poetry": first point out different scenes, and then write different feelings. There were many quatrains in the Tang Dynasty. After all, this poem is the first, but it is calm and meaningful, and all the works are unreasonable. If you lose adhesion, you must reverse it once or twice, but after all, you can't move. This is an opportunity for the authors to get together. It is better to lose adhesion than to be sarcastic. This land of ancient gods is not easy to get.

Choosing Tang Style in Qing Dynasty: Liu Mengde said that "singing the Acropolis is more diligent" and Bai Juyi said "listening to the fourth sound of Yangguan", all of which are called this song. According to legend, it is the highest tone, and the singer's flute cracks.

Jiao Yuanxi's poetry anthology about this Muxuan in Qing Dynasty: a unique tune of ancient and modern times. The Rain and Dust in Weicheng is by no means an encounter between a monk and Chu Shi, which is fascinating. The third and fourth sentences cannot be read together. I shed a drop of cold water, but I just blurted it out without thinking

Notes on Wu Tang Poetry in Qing Dynasty: If you don't write deep words, your voice is biting.

Xu Zeng's "Er 'anshuo Tang Poetry" in Qing Dynasty: The last two sentences of this poem are well known, but I wonder if the first two sentences are good. The beauty of this poem is only a truth, and the truth can be touching. Hou Wei was on the roadside, listening to people singing poems and crying for them.

Notes on Samadhi of Tang Xian by Wu Xuan in Qing Dynasty: Don't mean anything. "Three Stories in Yangguan" is famous for its eternal fame and the highest syllables. Take "30% off" as the measure, and fold the third sentence. According to legend, leaning on the flute is also a crack.

Shen Deqian on Tang Poetry in Qing Dynasty: Yangguan is outside China and Anxi is outside Yangguan. There is no reason to say that there is no one in Yangguan. Is it safe? This meaning needs to be taken into account.

Song Gule's Selected Comments on Ten Thousand Tang Poems in Qing Dynasty: Farewell poems should be full of emotion and artistic conception, so they are really unique.

Zhao Yi's Poems on Oubei in Qing Dynasty: Everyone wants everything, but it is inhuman. As soon as it was said, everyone wanted it and it was easy to spread, so everyone knew it at that time. For example, Li Taibai's "Today's people don't see Gu Yue, but this month they were like the ancients", and Wang Mo's "Advise you to drink more and go out for no reason", all of which are still popular today and are the first to win people's hearts.

Poems written by Liu in Tang Dynasty in Qing Dynasty: Only caring for friendship, sadness is self-evident. Twist with a pen. Liu Zhongyi patted his shoulder and said, this is a kind word from an old friend. [7]

Brief introduction of the author

Wang Wei, a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word stroke. His father's ancestral home was Qi (now Shanxi), and later he moved to Yongji, Shanxi, and became a native of Hedong. Kaiyuan (year number of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, 713-741) was a scholar. Tired officials give things. An Lushan rebels were hired when they were trapped in Chang 'an. After the chaos, they were demoted to Prince Zhongyun. After the official to ministers right cheng, so also known as Wang Youcheng. In his later years, he lived in Wangchuan, Lantian, and lived an honest and secluded life. Poetry is as famous as Meng Haoran and is called "Wang Meng". In the early stage, I wrote some frontier poems, but the most important one was landscape poems, which promoted hermit life and Buddhism through the description of pastoral landscapes. Exquisite objects, vivid descriptions and unique achievements. He is also proficient in music, painting and calligraphy. This is Wang Youcheng. [8]