How does the computer synthesize photos?

photoshop is one of the most famous image processing software of ADOBE.

founded in 1982, Adobe is one of the largest personal computer software companies in the United States.

History

In p>1985, Apple Computer Company of the United States took the lead in introducing Macintosh Macintosh series computers with graphical interfaces. In the autumn of 1987, Thomas Knoll, a graduate student at the University of Michigan, compiled a program to display gray-scale images on Macintosh Plus. At first, he named the software display, and later this program was discovered by his brother, John Knoll, who worked for Industrial Light Magic (the company used to do special effects for Star Wars). John suggested Thomas to use this program for commercial value. John also participated in the development of early photoshop software, and the plug-in was developed by him. During a product demonstration, it was suggested that Thomas could be called photoshop. Thomas was very satisfied with the name, and later it was retained. Later, it was acquired by Adobe, and the name was still retained.

In the summer of p>1988, John searched for investors in Silicon Valley and found Adobe. In November, Adobe signed an agreement with their brother to authorize sales. Their first commercial success was to hand over Photoshop to a scanner company for matching and selling. The name was Barneyscan XP, and the version was .87. At the same time, John continued to look for other buyers, including SuperMac and Aldus, without success. Finally, they found Russell Brown of Adobe, the artistic director of Adobe. Russell Brown is already studying whether to consider another company Letraset's ColorStudio image editing program. After seeing Photoshop, he thought the Knoll brothers' program was more promising. In August 1988, they verbally decided to cooperate, and the real legal contract was not completed until April of the following year. One of the key words in the contract is Adobe's acquisition of Photoshop“license to distribute ",which means that it is authorized to distribute rather than buy out all copyrights. This laid the foundation for the Knoll brothers to make a fortune later.

Software Version

With the efforts of Thomas and other Adobe engineers, Photoshop version 1..7 was officially released in February 199. John Knoll also participated in the development of some plug-ins. The first version only has an 8KB floppy disk (Mac).

in the early 199s, great changes took place in the printing industry in the United States, and pre-press computerization began to spread. The CYMK function added by Photoshop in version 2. is that the printing factory began to hand over the color separation task to users, and a new industry Desktop Publishing－DTP was produced.

other important new features of p>2. include vector editing software Illustrator file supporting Adobe, Duotones and Pen tool. The minimum memory requirement is increased from 2MB to 4MB, which has a great impact on improving the stability of software. From this version, Adobe began to use the code name internally, and the code name of 2. was Fast Eddy, which was officially released in June 1991.

The next version of Adobe has decided to develop a Windows version, code-named Brimstone, and the Mac version is Merlin. Strangely, the official version number is 2.5, which is different from the general software release number, because the digits after the decimal point are usually reserved for modification and upgrade. This version adds support for Palettes and 16-bit files. The main feature of version 2.5 is generally recognized as supporting Windows.

at this time, the main competitor of Photoshop in Mac version is ColorStudio of Fractal Design, while PhotoStyler of Aldus is on Windows. Photoshop has far surpassed ColorStudio from the beginning, while the Windows version will take some time to catch up with its rivals.

the important new function of version 3. is Layer. The Mac version was released in September 1994, while the Windows version was released in November. Although another software, Live Picture, supported the concept of Layer at that time, there were also rumors in the industry that Photoshop engineers copied the concept of Live Picture. In fact, Thomas began to study the concept of Layer very early.

the main improvement of version 4. is the user interface. At this time, Adobe decided to unify the user interface of Photoshop with other Adobe products, and in addition, the program usage process has also changed. Some old users are resistant to this, and even some users go to the online website to protest. But after a period of use, they accepted the new changes.

Adobe realized the importance of Photoshop at this moment, and they decided to buy out all the rights of Photoshop. The details of how much money the Knoll brothers earned for this are unknown, but it must be quite a lot.

Version 5. introduced the concept of History, which was different from the general Undo, and aroused cheers from the industry at that time. Color management is also a new function of 5.. Although it caused some controversy at that time, it was later proved to be a major improvement in the history of Photoshop. Version 5. was officially released in May 1998. A year later, Adobe released version X.5 again, this time version 5.5, which mainly added support for Web functions and included Image Ready 2..

Version 6. released in September 2 mainly improved the fluency of other Adobe tools exchange, but the real major improvement waited until version 7., which was an event in March 22.

Before that, most of the pictures processed by Photoshop still came from scanning. In fact, most of the functions of Photoshop basically had nothing to do with digital cameras that became popular in the late 199s. Version 7. adds image modification tools such as Healing Brush, and some basic digital camera functions such as EXIF data and file browser.

after enjoying great commercial success, Photoshop began to feel threatened in the 21st century, especially the software that deals with the original files of digital cameras, including the software provided by various manufacturers and other competitors such as Phase One(Capture One). Thomas Knoll, who has retired to the second line, personally led a team to develop the PS RAW(7.) plug-in.

in the subsequent development process, the official version number of photoshop 8. was CS, and the version number of Photoshop 9. was changed to CS2.

CS is the abbreviation of the last two words in a set of software of Adobe Creative Suite, which stands for "creative collection". It is a unified design environment, which combines a new version of Adobe Photoshop? CS2、Illustrator? CS2、InDesign? CS2、GoLive? CS2 and Acrobat? 7. Professional software and the new Version Cue? Combination of CS2, Adobe Bridge and Adobe Stock Photos.

application scope

images, graphics, text, video, publishing, etc.

from the function point of view, Photoshop can be divided into image editing, image synthesis, color correction and special effects production.

Image editing is the basis of image processing, which can make various transformations on images, such as enlargement, reduction, rotation, tilt, mirror image and perspective. You can also copy, remove spots, repair, and modify the image damage. This is very useful in wedding photography and portrait processing. It can remove the dissatisfied parts of the portrait and beautify it, and get very satisfactory results.

Image synthesis is to combine several images into a complete image with clear meaning through layer manipulation and tool application, which is the only way for art design. The drawing tools provided by photoshop make foreign images and ideas well integrated, making it possible to make the image synthesis seamless.

Tone color correction is one of the powerful functions in photoshop, which can adjust and correct the color of the image conveniently and quickly, and can also switch between different colors to meet the application of the image in different fields, such as web design, printing, multimedia and so on.

in photoshop, the production of special effects is mainly completed by the comprehensive application of filters, channels and tools. Including the creation of special effects of images and the production of special effects words, such as oil painting, relief painting, plaster painting, sketch and other commonly used traditional art skills can be completed by photoshop special effects. And the production of various special words is the reason why many art designers are keen on photoshop research.

latest version

The latest version is CS3

Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended is an ideal choice for professionals in the fields of movies, videos and multimedia, graphic and Web designers who use 3D and animation, and professionals in engineering and science. Render a 3D image and merge it into a 2D composite image. Easily edit the animated graphics on the video layer to stop time. And explore your image with measuring, counting and visualization tools.

the brightest star in CS3 is Photoshop CS3. As the core product of Adobe, Photoshop CS3 has always attracted the most attention, and Adobe also released its beta at the end of last year. The reason for choosing Photoshop CS3 is not only that it is perfectly compatible with Vista, but more importantly, dozens of exciting new features, such as new layout supporting widescreen display, dock integrating more than 2 windows, toolbar with smaller occupation area, automatic panorama generation of multiple photos, flexible black-and-white conversion, more adjustable selection tools, intelligent filters, improved vanishing point characteristics, better support for 32-bit HDR images, and so on. In addition, Photoshop has been divided into two versions since CS3 for the first time, namely the regular standard version and the Extended version supporting 3D functions.

Main functions:

Non-destructive editing: using new smart filters (which can visualize different image effects) and smart objects (which can scale, rotate and deform raster graphics and vector graphics) to edit in a non-destructive manner, all of which will not change the original pixel data.

Rich painting and drawing tool set: Create or modify images with professional and fully customizable painting settings, artistic brushes and drawing tools.

use the animation palette to easily create an animation: use the new animation palette to create an animation from a series of images (such as time series data) and export it to various formats, including QuickTime, MPEG-4 and Adobe Flash? Video (FLV)。

3D composition and texture editing: Easily present rich 3D contents and merge them into 2D composite images, even edit the existing textures on 3D models directly in Photoshop Extended and see the results immediately. Photoshop Extended supports common 3D exchange formats, including 3DS, OBJ, U3D, KMZ and COLLADA, so you can import, view and interact with most 3D models.

accurate selection tools can be used for detailed editing: experience various tools for detailed editing, including new tools for quick selection. Draw loosely on the image area you want to select, and the Quick Select tool will automatically complete the selection for you. Then use the Adjust Edges tool to preview and fine-tune your selection for a more concise result.

Enhanced vanishing point with 3D support: Use enhanced vanishing point to edit in perspective on multiple surfaces (even those that are not connected at 9 degrees), which also enables you to measure in perspective; Fold back graphics, images and text around multiple planes; And outputting the 2D plane as a 3D model.

2D and 3D measuring tools: use new measuring tools to extract quantitative information from images. Easily calibrate or set the scale of an image, and then use any Photoshop Extended selection tool to define and calculate distance, perimeter, area and other measurement data. Record data points in a measurement log and export the data (including histogram data) to a spreadsheet for further analysis.

advanced composition: create more accurate composite images by automatically aligning multiple Photoshop layers or images based on similar content. The Auto-Align Layers command quickly analyzes details and moves, rotates, or deforms layers to align them perfectly, while the Auto-Mix Layers command mixes colors and shadows to create smooth, editable results.

Faster and more flexible resource management with Adobe Bridge CS3: Organize and manage images more effectively with the next generation of Adobe Bridge CS3 software, which now provides enhanced performance, a filter panel that is easier to search, the ability to combine multiple images under a single thumbnail, magnifying glass tools, offline image browsing, and so on.

Better original image processing: Photoshop Camera Raw plug-in is used to process the original image with faster speed and excellent conversion quality, which now adds support for JPEG and TIFF formats; New tools include Fill Light and Dust Busting; With Adobe Photoshop Lightroom? Software compatibility; And support more than 15 camera models.

third-party solutions and resources: from the long-standing community composed of experienced Photoshop developers, authors and trainers, make use of rich additional resources (including software plug-ins)