Classification and characteristics of cameras?

According to their different performances and uses, they can be divided into broadcast level, business level and home level.

broadcast camera: it is the most advanced camera, mainly used in the field of radio and television. The image quality is the best, the color and gray scale are very realistic, and there is almost no geometric distortion. It has excellent dark-field images. Within the allowable working range, the image quality changes little, the performance is stable, the degree of automation is high, the remote control function is comprehensive, the volume is slightly larger, and of course the price is the highest.

business camera: mainly used in audio-visual education, closed-circuit television, industry, medical care and other fields. The image quality is lower than the broadcast level, and it is cheap, compact and light.

home video camera: it is mainly used for home entertainment, such as travel, weddings, birthdays, parties and other occasions, with average image quality and low price. However, it is also useful in the production of programs, such as amateurs encountering some unexpected events, scenes filmed with home computers, or some interesting wonders.

sometimes it is often distinguished by the way of production;

The camera used in the studio (ESP) has the best image quality, the highest definition, the largest signal-to-noise ratio and a slightly larger size.

video camera for live programming (EFP). The image quality is slightly lower than that of the camera used in the studio, and it can be powered by battery and alternating current; It can be used for both ENG and studio.

Electronic news gathering (ENG) camera is mainly used in outdoor working environment, which requires small size, light weight, portability, flexibility and simple operation.

(2) Special purpose camera

Except for broadcasting and television, other uses can be called special purpose cameras. Such as industry, transportation, medical care, commercial surveillance, image communication and so on.

this kind of camera is light and cheap, and its image quality is average, but it often has special functions, such as monitoring traffic at night, using a camera with high sensitivity to infrared rays, and using a camera with high sensitivity to x-rays in medicine.

some aspects can also be used to make TV programs.

2. Classification by camera devices

According to different types of camera devices, cameras can be divided into two categories: camera tube cameras and solid-state cameras.

the quality of the camera tube is often measured by the target material of the camera tube. Lead oxide is often used as the target material for broadcast cameras, which is called alumina tube camera. It has good image quality, high sensitivity and good photoelectric conversion linearity. Three chalcogenides, Se, As and Hu, are commonly used as target materials for business cameras, which are called Se-As tube cameras. Their image quality and performance are good and their prices are low.

the photoelectric conversion of solid-state camera is completed by semiconductor camera, and the camera for broadcasting and television is composed of charge coupled device (CCD). There are three main ways: inter-line transfer, referred to as IT; Frame transfer mode, referred to as FT mode; Frame-to-line transfer mode, referred to as FIT mode.

3. Classification according to the number of camera devices

l) Three cameras and three cameras

Cameras use three camera tubes or three CCD chips to generate three primary color signals respectively, which can obtain high image quality, good color reproduction, high definition and signal-to-noise ratio, and are used for broadcast and business cameras.

2) Two cameras and two cameras

Its image quality is lower than that of three cameras and three cameras, and its price is not cheap, so it is a transitional model.

3) Single-tube and single-chip cameras

Cameras use a camera tube or a CCD chip, and use special methods to generate signals of three primary colors of red, green and blue, with average image quality, which are mostly used in surveillance systems and home entertainment cameras.

4. Classify according to the size of the camera device

The size of the camera device has a direct relationship with the image quality. With a large size and a large number of effective pixels, the image definition is naturally good, the sensitivity will be high, and of course the volume will be large.

the camera tube camera is measured by the diameter of the camera tube, and the CCD camera is measured by the diameter of the tube whose photosensitive area of the CCD chip is equal to the target area of the corresponding camera tube.

5/4-inch tube camera

The camera tube camera with the largest size has the best sensitivity and clarity and the largest volume, and can only be used as a studio camera.

1-inch tube camera

Its clarity and sensitivity are slightly lower than that of 1-inch tube camera, and its size is slightly smaller, so it can be used as a camera for studio and live program production.

2/3 inch tube camera

With good image quality, small size and light weight, it can be used as a camera for studio and live program production, and is more widely used in electronic news gathering.

1/2 inch tube cameras

Most of them are single tube cameras with low image quality, so they are used as home cameras.

2/3-inch CCD camera

The image quality is good, and it is the most widely used in broadcast and business cameras.

L/2 inch CCD camera

Three-piece camera with good image quality can be used as a business camera; Monolithic form, can be used as a home-class camera.

5. Integrated camcorder

An integrated camcorder is a device that combines a video camera and a video recorder. The detachable camcorder is a camera equipped with a camera attachment, which can be used as a camera alone; Non-separable camcorder is a complete combination of camera and video recorder, which is inseparable. For example,

a detachable camcorder, such as home palm treasure, is a combination of a video camera and a professional video recorder. For example, SONY DSR－13P is a combination of DSR－D3 camera and 1P video recorder.

6. Divided by signal mode

Divided by signal mode: analog camera and digital camera

Analog camera: processed output is analog.