What are the requirements for preparing the national judges of track and field?

First, the referee work of track and field competition is an important part of track and field competition work. The quality of referee's work directly affects the competition, athletes' competition mood and athletes' technical level. Referees are not only judges of sports achievements and competition rankings, but also organizers of competitions. Therefore, the basic requirements for referees are: to master the rules of the game carefully, to master the referee methods skillfully, to be serious, fair and accurate, to be modest and prudent, to unite and cooperate, and to complete the referee task wholeheartedly.

Second, the preparations before the track and field competition

In order to ensure the smooth progress of the track and field sports meeting, the referee group should make the following pre-competition preparations under the leadership of the competition group:

(A) the organization and training of the referee team

The specific work is to select referees according to the scale of the sports meeting, divide the work of referees, organize referees to learn competition rules and track and field competition rules, study referee methods and conduct on-site referee practice, and unify their thinking and understanding. On this basis, each referee group is required to make a work plan and let each referee form a combat group.

(2) Hold various meetings.

1, all referee meetings

2, the referee group meeting

3. Referee meeting

4, team leader, coach meeting

(3) Prepare referee equipment and appliances.

Each judging panel should put forward a list of equipment and appliances needed for judging work. For the referee equipment and appliances received, there should be a special person in charge to ensure the use of the referee.

(four) do a good job in site and equipment inspection.

Each referee group must visit the site and check the equipment before the game. After inspection, put forward opinions on site maintenance and equipment purchase, and submit them to the site equipment group for solution.

Third, the main rules of track and field competition

Referee track and field competition needs to master the rules of track and field competition. Since the track and field games held by grass-roots units are mass sports competitions, the competition rules should be implemented according to the actual situation and with reference to the track and field competition rules approved by the Chinese Athletics Association. The changed or separately formulated competition rules should be explained in the competition rules or in the meeting of the team leader and coach.

(A) the general rules of track and field competition

1. Athletes must wear the number, otherwise they are not allowed to participate in the competition.

Athletes in track events must run counterclockwise along the track.

3. When a track and field athlete pushes or blocks others and prevents others from walking or running in, he shall be disqualified.

4. If an athlete participates in a track event, a field event or multiple field events, and these events are held at the same time, the relevant referee may allow the athlete to try to jump only in a certain round (the height event takes one height as one round and one height has three times; In long-distance events, all athletes try to jump or throw once in order as a round. In the competition, try to jump (try to throw) once in an order different from that decided by the lottery before the game. The missed trial jump (trial throw) sequence after coming back will not be supplemented.

5, determine the ranking and the results are equal to determine the ranking method. In track events, judging the ranking order of athletes reaching the finish line is based on the order in which any part of athletes' trunk reaches the vertical plane at the inner edge of the finish line. The final score is regarded as the highest personal score, and the final ranking is not judged by the preliminary, semi-final and semi-final results.

In the field events, the best result of six attempts to jump or throw in the distance events is regarded as the personal best result, including the equal results of the first place to determine the ranking, and then the athlete with the highest performance is regarded as the ranking. In plateau events, the final result is the best attempt of each athlete, including the result when the first place is equal to determine the ranking.

All-around sports are ranked according to the sum of all the scores of each athlete.

If there are two or more identical results, it shall be handled according to the following provisions:

In the preliminaries, rematches and rematches of track events, when two or more people are admitted to the final ranking according to their scores, athletes with equal scores will be admitted without affecting the number of people in the next competition or finals; If there is any influence, lots should be drawn to decide who will enter the next game. Under the leadership and organization of the relevant referees, the athletes with equal scores will draw lots by themselves. In the final, the first place scored equally, and the referee had the right to decide the athletes with equal scores to play again, so it was tied. Other things being equal, it's a draw.

Admission method of equal scores in height events of field events: among the heights with equal scores, the one with fewer trial jumps ranks first. If the results are still equal, in the whole competition, including the height of the last jump, the person who tries less times ranks first. If the results are still equal: if the first place is involved, let the athletes with equal results try again at the lowest height of failure that causes equal results. If they still can't decide, the horizontal bar should be raised or lowered. The height of the high jump is 2 cm, and that of the pole vault is 5 cm. They should try to jump at every height until the ranking is decided. The athletes concerned must take part in the trial jump to decide the ranking. When it comes to other rankings, athletes with equal scores are tied.

If the results of field events are equal, the ranking will be judged by the second best result. If the second best result is equal, the third best result will be judged, and so on. If they are still equal, involving the first place, equal athletes are required to make a new round of trial jump in the original competition order until the ranking is decided.

If the total scores of all-around sports competitions are equal, the events with more individual scores should be ranked first. If you still can't decide, put the person with the highest score in any project first.

When the total score of the group is equal, the record-breaking items and times rank first. If it is equal again, it will rank first. If they are still equal, the second place ranks first, and so on.

(2) The main rules of track and field events

1, 400 m and below, including 4× 100 m relay, athletes should start from squatting. Those who violate the rules for more than two times are disqualified, and all-around athletes are disqualified for three times.

2. In the case of lane separation, if an athlete runs out of his lane, he or she should not be disqualified if he or she does not gain benefits or stop others, otherwise he or she should be disqualified.

3, in the middle and long distance race, athletes leave the runway without authorization, and may not continue the race.

4. When hurdling, it is a foul for athletes to lower their hands and feet below the top of the hurdle, cross other people's hurdles, intentionally use or touch the hurdle with their feet.

During the relay race, when you finish the baton and pick it up outside the relay zone, stop others or run across the finish line empty-handed.

6. If three stopwatches are used to calculate the results, the results displayed by two watches shall prevail; If there is any difference, the intermediate score shall prevail. Two watches, whichever is the one with poor performance.

(3) Main rules of field events

1, in the high jump competition, lots should be drawn to arrange the order of athletes' trial jumps. Athletes must take off with one foot. Before the start of the competition, the referee should announce the take-off height and the lifting height of the crossbar after each round of competition. Only 65,438+0 people remain in this plan until the competition. Unless there are only 1 athletes left in the competition, and he has already won the championship of the project, otherwise: (a) After each round of competition, the height of the crossbar shall not be less than 2 cm. (b) The height of the crossbar shall not be increased. In the all-around competition of rules 12, 1(a), (b) and (c), the height of each round of crossbar is 3cm. Once the competition begins, athletes are not allowed to use the run-up or take-off area for practice. Under any of the following circumstances, the trial jump is judged to have failed: (1) After the trial jump, the crossbar failed to stay on the crossbar support because of the athlete's trial jump; Or (b) before crossing the crossbar, any part of the athlete's body touches the ground or landing zone outside the hurdle. If the athlete touches the area with one foot in the trial jump and the referee thinks that he has not benefited from it, it should not be judged as a failure in the trial jump. Athletes can try to jump at any height in the crossbar elevation scheme announced by the referee in advance, or they can decide whether to try to jump at any height in the future according to their own wishes. However, at any height, as long as the athletes fail to try to jump three times in a row, they will be disqualified from continuing the competition. Except for the final ranking trial jump caused by the equal score of 1 bit. After the first or second attempt at a certain height fails, athletes are allowed to request jump exemption at the second or third attempt and continue to try at subsequent heights. Athletes are not allowed to resume the trial jump at a certain height after requesting it, unless the 1 position is equal. After raising the crossbar every time, athletes should measure the height of the crossbar before trying to jump. When the cross bar is placed at the record height, the relevant referee must carry out the audit measurement. If the crossbar is touched again after the last height measurement, the referee must measure the crossbar height again before the subsequent height test jump. Even if other athletes fail, an athlete is still qualified to continue trying to jump until he gives up the right to continue the competition. When the athletes win the competition, the referee or the relevant referee shall solicit the opinions of the athletes, and the athletes shall decide the lifting height of the crossbar. Every athlete should take his best trial jump result, including the trial jump result caused by the equal score of 1 in the final ranking competition, as his final winning result. During the competition, it is not allowed to move the platform or hurdle unless the relevant referee thinks that the take-off area or landing area has become unsuitable for the competition. If it is necessary to move the top or column of the jumper, it should be done after the trial jump.

2. In all field events, if there are more than eight athletes participating, the top eight athletes with better performance will enter the finals. If the eighth place is equal, athletes with equal scores can try to jump or throw three times. If there are fewer than eight athletes, there will be six times. Once the race begins, athletes are not allowed to practice using the race run-up channel. If one of the following circumstances occurs, the trial jump is judged to have failed: (1) During the run-up or take-off process, any part of the athlete's body touches the ground other than the jumper; (b) Jumping from the front or rear of jumper extension lines other than the two ends of the springboard; (c) Touching the ground outside the landing area during landing, and the contact point outside the landing area is closer to the jumper than the nearest contact point in the area; (d) After completing the test jump, walk backwards out of the landing zone; (e) Take any somersault position. When measuring the performance, it should be measured from the nearest point where any part of the athlete's body touches the ground to the jump shot or the extension line of the jump shot, and the measuring line should be perpendicular to the jump shot or its extension line. Each athlete's best 1 trial jump performance, including the trial jump performance of the final ranking match due to the equal performance of 1, shall be regarded as the final result. The run-up lane is at least 40 meters long, and at least 45 meters when conditions permit. The minimum width of the run-up lane is l.22, and the maximum width is L.22m. The run-up lane shall be marked with a white line with a width of 5cm. The maximum left-right inclination of the approach lane shall not exceed 1: 100, and the total inclination of the driving direction shall not exceed 1: 1000. In order to help run-up and take-off, athletes can run in the run-up lane. L ~ 2 markers (approved or provided by the organizing Committee) are placed next to it. If you don't mention it. For this mark, athletes can use adhesive tape, but it is forbidden to use chalk or any other similar substance that cannot erase traces. The springboard is a sign of take-off, so it should be put on the ground, and its upper edge should be flush with the ground of the approach road and landing area. The edge of the springboard near the landing area is called the platform. A plasticine display board should be placed near the high jumper to facilitate the referee's judgment. If the above device cannot be installed, the following methods should be adopted to lay soft soil or sand near the front of the jumper, with a width of cm and an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal plane. The distance from the springboard to the far end of the landing area should not be less than10m. The distance from the springboard to the near end of the landing area is1~ 3m.

3. The order of triple jump is one jump, one leap and one jump. When jumping on one foot, land on the ground with the take-off leg, land on the ground with the other leg (swinging leg) when striding, and then complete the jumping action. When an athlete swings his leg and touches the ground in the jump, it should not be regarded as a failure in the trial jump.

4. In the shot put competition, we should draw lots to decide the order of athletes' trial throwing. If there are more than 8 athletes, each athlete should be allowed to try throwing three times. The top eight athletes with the best effective results can try to throw three times, and the order of trying to throw is opposite to the ranking after the first three attempts. If the eighth place is equal after the third attempt, it will be handled according to the rule 146 3. When there are only 8 people or less in the competition, each person can try throwing 6 times. Before the start of the competition, athletes can practice trial throwing in the competition venue, and the practice grouping should be carried out in the order of drawing lots and always under the supervision of the referee. Once the game begins, athletes are not allowed to practice throwing with equipment, and they are not allowed to practice throwing on the ground in the falling area, regardless of whether they hold equipment or not. The shot put should be pushed from the throwing circle. Athletes must try to throw from a static position. Athletes are allowed to touch the inside of the hoop and toe board. Push the ball from the shoulder with one hand. When the athlete enters the circle and begins to try to throw, the shot put should be close to or close to the neck or jaw, and the ball holder should not be lower than this position during the shot put. Don't put the ball behind the shoulder shaft. It is not allowed to use any devices to help throwers, such as using belts to tie two or more fingers together. Do not use bandages or adhesive tapes on your hands except for open wounds that need to be bandaged. Gloves are not allowed. In order to hold the shot put better, athletes can use some suitable substances, but only by hand. In order to prevent wrist injury, athletes can put a bandage on their wrists. In order to prevent spinal injury, athletes can wear belts or belts made of other suitable materials. Athletes are not allowed to spray any substance on the boxing ring or sole. After the athlete enters the circle and starts throwing, if any part of the athlete's body touches the ground outside the circle, or touches the iron ring and toe board, or pushes the shot put thrown in an irregular way, it is judged as a throwing failure. If the throwing does not violate the above regulations, the athlete can stop the throwing that has already started, and can leave the throwing circle with the equipment inside or outside the circle on the premise of observing this article 12, and then return to the circle to start throwing again from the static position. The shot put must completely fall on the inner edge of the corner line of the area, and the trial throw is effective. After each effective test throw, the results should be measured immediately. Take a straight line from the nearest point of the shot put landing trajectory to the inner edge of the throwing circle, and the measuring line should pass through the center of the throwing circle. Athletes can't leave the throwing ring before the equipment falls to the ground. When leaving the throwing ring, the upper edge of the iron ring or the ground outside the ring must be completely behind the white line outside the ring, and the extension line of the rear edge of the white line should be able to pass through the center of the throwing ring. Each athlete's best throwing performance, including the trial throwing performance in the final championship, which is equal to the first place, should be his final decision.

In other throwing events, except for the venue, equipment and throwing methods, the competition rules are basically the same as those of the shot put.

Fourth, the working methods of track and field competition referees

Working methods of track referees

I. Check-in Mode

Pre-competition work:

1. Referees organize referees to learn rules and regulations, arrange division of labor, and formulate detailed sign-in rules and work processes.

2. Ask the arrangement record group for the confirmed competition schedule, athletes' lane separation grouping table (or track card) and baton sub-table, and make the check-in time flow table according to the track return.

3. Prepare the equipment and supplies needed for registration, including: sign-in board, bulletin board for registration time, stationery, various forms, portable speakers, judges' tables and chairs, athletes' rest benches, safety pins, needle and thread, calipers, etc. When the terminal electric timing is adopted, it is also necessary to prepare a small number of passes and a small number of long-distance running sequences.

4. In major competitions, you should be familiar with the advertising specifications of athletes' clothing, shoes, bags and supplies in the competition rules in advance. If necessary, copy several advertising brochures for reference during inspection. Check whether the access of athletes' training venues, equipment, toilets and competition venues is reasonable.

Participate in the competition:

1. The referee should lead all examiners to the examination site 60-90 minutes before the first competition in each competition unit, clean up the workplace and make good preparations before the competition.

2. Announce the registration place, the registration schedule of each game of the unit and the matters needing attention in registration by broadcasting and posting.

3. Project, start time, end time, competition time, record requirements, etc. Announce it 10 minutes before each recording, and inform the relevant athletes to attend the recording on time.

4. Check and record. During major competitions, the population inspector will start to check the certificates and numbers of participating athletes, make records, and guide the athletes into the registration place, and hand them over to the check-in staff (group) for registration procedures.

In general competitions, the examiners (groups) of events will call the roll in the order of grouping and marching, and let the athletes queue up.

When reporting for duty, you should check whether the identity, number, clothing, competition shoes and articles carried by the athletes meet the requirements. If the terminal electric timing is adopted, the track number or long-distance running sequence number should be assigned when recording track events, so as to remind athletes to wear them correctly and prevent them from falling off and being reversed. Examiners should prepare enough pins, needles and other items in advance to facilitate the use of athletes.

Because the IAAF rules clearly stipulate the advertisements of competitions, in major competitions, especially international competitions, we must carefully check the advertisements on clothes, shoes, hats, bags and other items. Those who do not conform to the rules are not allowed to be brought into the competition venue, and will be registered and kept by the goods keeper and sent to the post-competition control center for handling.

At the end of the recording time, athletes who fail to arrive will be deemed to have abstained.

5. Check the actual number of people in each game with the order book, fill in the registration form, record the statistics of absent athletes, and adjust the track card and track record.

6. Let the athletes queue up on time, take people along the designated route to the competition venue and give them to the starting team for reception. At the same time, submit the sign-in form to the issuing group, timing group, ending group, inspection group and announcement group.

In the 4x100m relay race, all baseball players should be brought in one after another. In addition to taking the uniform players to the starting point and handing them over to the starting group, the second, third and fourth baseball players will be handed over to the relay area inspectors.

In the 4x 400-meter relay race, all baseball players are taken to the starting point at the same time.

7. After each game, the waiter or ticket inspector will recycle the trumpet.

Post-game work:

Call all referees to make a summary, write a written summary according to the requirements of the conference and submit it to the chief referee. Check the items, and if any items left by athletes are found, immediately send them to the relevant parties of the conference for return.

B, referee working methods

The main task of the starting point referee is to organize all track athletes to start reasonably and equally and start the competition on time according to the rules of track and field competition and the competition schedule of the sports meeting. Hold small and medium-sized track and field games. The starting referee of track events usually has 65,438+0-2 starting, 65,438+0-2 recalling starting, 65,438+0-2 assistant starting and several waiters. When holding large-scale track and field games, the number of starting referees can be increased. The starting referee should be under the leadership of the track referee, who is in charge.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Pre-competition work:

1. The starter organizes the whole group to study relevant parts of rules and regulations, formulate detailed division of labor, formulate working rules and organize referee work practice.

2. Check the playing field, equipment and utensils (such as starting line, starter, starting gun, bullets, starting platform, communication equipment, etc.). ) and be familiar with the venue and starting position.

3. Conduct on-site joint exercises with terminal photography timing group, manual timing group and terminal ranking group, study work coordination issues and train waiters.

4. Cooperate with the reporting team to do a good job of research and make clear the admission time of track athletes.

5. Prepare the equipment and forms needed for the work.

6. When there is a relay event, the assistant starter is responsible for preparing the baton.

Participate in the competition:

1. Arrive at the competition venue according to the specified time (generally 1 hour in advance) and check the venue and equipment layout.

2. Arrange the starting platform according to the following principles: the starter can see clearly and observe all the starting athletes from a narrow perspective; So that timekeepers and anemometers can clearly see the starter's gun smoke.

3. The starter, assistant starter and recall starter are in their positions.

4. The staff of the terminal photography timing group reports to the starter that the sensor and the terminal photography timing device are ready.

5. Three minutes before the competition, the assistant starter informed the athletes to stop practicing and organized the athletes to stand about 3 meters behind the starting line for standby.

6. Two minutes before the competition, the command center will send a signal to show the athletes' events, competitions, groups, competitions, names and units, and the announcer will introduce the athletes.

7. Recall Nostoc flagelliforme and assistant Nostoc flagelliforme to the designated procurement positions. The assistant starter directs the waiters to line up and deliver the athletes' changed clothes to the post-game control center (terminal).

8. After the announcer introduced the athletes, the staff at the starting point of the photo timing group at the finish line used the walkie-talkie to report that it was about to start and the timer was reset to zero. When the starter sees that the sensor indicator light is on, he will issue a "in place" password.

9. The assistant starter carefully checks whether the athletes' movements meet the requirements of the rules and raises his hand to the starter. At this time, the starter can issue a "ready" password and fire when the athletes are stable.

10. In case of any of the following situations when starting, it shall be ordered to correct: when the starter is installed and touches the starting line or exceeds the lane separation line; When you don't use the starting gun or squat at the end of the sprint; When an athlete is doing "getting in place" or "getting ready", his hands, feet or baton touch the ground at the starting line or in front of the line; Contact the ground outside the right lane when starting in a curve; One hand does not touch the ground when squatting starts, and one foot does not touch the ground when standing starts.

If hand timing is used in the race, the starter should contact the referee at the finish line with walkie-talkie or flag before issuing it, to confirm that the finish line, timing and anemometer are all ready, and then issue the password of "take your positions" and raise your gun to the middle and lower part of the smoke screen. The gun should stay flat. After the athletes are stable, the "preparation" will be issued. Password, after the athletes are all stable, they can "fire". After the gun is fired, the gun should stop for a while and then put it down. If the game uses electric timing, first contact the finish referee with walkie-talkie or flag. When it is observed that the "light" on the sensor is on and the finish line and anemometer are ready, the password of "take your positions" can be issued and the gun can be raised to the middle and lower part of the smoke screen. When all the athletes are stable, they can fire.

Working methods of timing referee

Timing referee:

Lead the timekeeper to enter the venue according to the specified time and sit in order; Clarify the division of work and methods again, check the stopwatch, collect and review the sub-record card; 3~5 minutes before the start of each competition, read out the competition items and order of this unit to the timekeeper, and hand over the scorecard to the timekeeper below the timekeeper and hand it up quickly; Prompt the timekeeper to "go back to the watch" when he hears the music bell or other signals that the game is about to start, and remind the timekeeper to pay attention with concise language (such as "going on the road" and "raising the gun"); During the competition, if the stopwatch or timing of the timekeeper fails, the backup timekeeper should be instructed to replace it immediately; After each game, take back the cards quickly (or collect the cards according to the ranking), check the score records, check the stopwatch of the timekeeper if necessary, sign the referee of the venue competition after it is correct, notify the timekeeper to "retire the watch" and signal the finish referee to be ready; The length of juice should be the first in each group. When breaking the record, you should check the stopwatch in time and ask the track referee and the chief referee to check it.

Timer:

Returning to the table: after hearing the referee's "returning to the table" prompt, return to the table in time, and immediately pay attention to the starting point to identify the characteristics of the counted athletes;

Open the watch: after hearing the prompt of "going on the road", observe the action of the starter at the starting point. After hearing the prompt of "Raise your gun", immediately put the stopwatch on the waist and abdomen to stabilize it, pay attention and prepare to open the watch. When you see the gun smoking or flashing, open your watch immediately;

Look-up table: after opening the watch, first check whether the stopwatch moves normally (if it drops, report it to the referee truthfully), and then check the characteristics, numbers and relative position changes of the athletes in this time track again;

Stop watch: when the athlete is about 25 meters away from the finish line, the main light of the timekeeper's eyes continues to look at the athlete, and the corner of his eye looks at the finish line to prepare for stopping watch; When the athlete is 0/0 meter away from the finish line, he will look at the finish line with the main light of his eyes and look at the athlete with the corner light; Stop the watch when any part of the counted athletes' torso touches the finish line and travels along the vertical plane. At this time, the eyes continue to track and observe whether the number and characteristics of athletes on this track are consistent with those on the scorecard;

Watch reading: put the stopwatch horizontally on your chest and watch it carefully in the order of time, minutes and seconds. If you break the record, you should report it to the timing referee immediately;

Record: Fill in the scores of timekeepers in the sub-table column according to 65,438+0/65,438+000 seconds, then fill in the score column according to the rules, and fill in the rankings on the score card for reference by the finish referee.

Transfer: After the timekeeper fills in the scorecard, it will be quickly transferred to the chief timekeeper from top to bottom. Then, he will listen to the prompt of the timekeeper to "return the watch" and make the next set of timekeeping.

(1) Referee method for lane separation events (400m and below, 4x 100 relay)

1 adopts ranking division of labor.

Each finish referee mainly looks at a ranking and at the same time looks at a ranking adjacent to the ranking. For example, seven referees look at the top seven athletes, the referees of the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th athletes look at 1, 2 nd and 3 rd respectively, the referees of the 5 th, 6 th and 7 th athletes look at the 6 th, 7 th and 8 th respectively, and the 2 referees look at the 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th respectively.

The referee will fill in the "Final Ranking Report" and submit it to the referee. The two judges will watch 1~4 and 5~8 respectively.

2. Adopt a step-by-step division of labor.

Each referee mainly looks at the ranking of one pass and the ranking of an adjacent pass at the same time. For example, there are eight referees, that is, eight referees watch the ranking of the athletes' 1~8 lanes respectively, and also watch a lane adjacent to the ranking of the main lane.

(2) Referee methods of partial separation events.

1. According to the division of labor, "people to people in the end"

Each referee only looks at the rankings of athletes once. When the athlete is on the runway, check the number immediately and remember its characteristics. After the runner starts, pay attention to the change of the ranking in running, and judge the ranking when the runner reaches the finish line.

2. Division of labor by ranking (4x400m, 4x800m relay)

Each referee depends on a ranking. After the athletes set off, they should pay attention to the changes of each team's ranking, identify the number of times (team name or number) that they recognized the ranking at any time, remember the number and characteristics of the last player, and pay attention to the changes of ranking in the competition at any time. When the athletes run 20 meters away from the finish line, verify the number of athletes, follow them to the end, and determine the ranking and unit.

Check the referee's working methods