Who's roald dahl?

Roald Dahl (1965438+September 3rd, 2006-1990165438+1October 23rd) was born in Landaf, Cardiff, Wales. He graduated from Randolph Catholic School and Repton Public School and believed in Catholicism.

Norwegian British outstanding children's literature writer, playwright and short story writer. Winner of edgar allan poe Literature Award, White Bread Children's Book Award, British Children's Book Award and World Fantasy Literature Conference Award.

The works are circulated among adults or children and are very famous. His representative works mainly include: Charlie and theChocolateFactory, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, James and Tegian Pitch, Matilda, TheWitches, TheBigFriendlyGiant the Giant, GoingSolo and so on.

Chinese name: roald dahl.

Roald Dahl

Nationality: Norway

Ethnic composition: Norwegian

Place of birth: Landaf, Cardiff, Wales

Date of birth: 19 16 (Chen Bingnian) September 13.

Date of death:1990165438+1October 23rd.

Occupation: writer

Graduation school: Catholic Randolph School, Repton College.

Faith: Jesus Christ

Major achievements: Poe Prize for Literature.

White bread children's book award

British children's book award

World Fantasy Literature Congress Award

Representative works: CharlieandtheChocolateFactory, Witch, James, Big Xiantao.

The life of the character

Roald dahl worked as a pilot, experienced World War II, had a thrilling air battle, worked as an "air force ambassador" like a spy, wrote James Bond's screenplay "You Only Live Twice" with numerous fans, married the Oscar winner (PatriciaNeal), and became an art collector, connoisseur, antique furniture expert, wine expert and orchid expert through self-study. Most importantly, he wrote about charming children.

It is said that he was a spy for the British government. His task is to collect information by seducing powerful American women.

Childhood and adolescence

Roald dahl was born in Randolph, Cardiff, Wales on June, 2003 19 16. Roald's father is HaraldDahl and his mother is SofieMagdaleneDahl, both of whom are Norwegian. The Dahl family moved from Norway to Cardiff in 1880. Roald was named after Roald Ya Meng Sen, a Norwegian national hero at that time. He speaks Norwegian with his parents and sister astrid at home. Dahl and his sister baptized and named the Norwegian Sailor Church in Cardiff, where their parents attended the church.

1920, when Roald was 3 years old, his 7-year-old sister astrid died of appendicitis. About a month later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57. Although his mother could choose to go back to Norway to live with relatives, she decided to stay in England, because Roald's father always wanted his children to receive education in England, which he thought was the best. Roald first studied in a Catholic university. When he was eight years old, he and four friends put a dead mouse in the candy jar of Mrs. Pratchett's "stingy and annoying" shop, and the headmaster gave them a good beating.

So Roald was transferred to a boarding school, but he was unhappy there. He is so homesick that he writes home almost every day, but he never reveals his unhappiness in his letters. After his mother died, he found that she had collected all the letters that came and went at that time.

At Lipton College in Derbyshire, he was a squire of the prefect. In the important period of his early years, he had his own small desk. He is very tall, 1.98 meters. He is good at sports, so he became the captain of the school squash and squash team and a member of the school football team, which made him very popular. At that time, he gradually became fond of photography. During his stay in this school, Cadbury Food Company, a chocolate factory, occasionally sent new chocolate products to his school for students to test their tastes. Dahl often wanted to invent some new chocolates himself, hoping to get the praise of Cadbury Food Company, which also inspired him to write his second book, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.

In his childhood and adolescence, he would return to his parents' home country Norway in summer vacation, and most of the time he would enjoy the coastal fjords. His autobiographical work Boy: My Childhood is mainly about that childhood.

After finishing his studies, he spent three months hiking in Newfoundland with a team called "Public School Exploration Association". /kloc-0 joined Shell Oil in July, 934. After two years of training in Britain, he was transferred to Dar es Salaam in Tanganyika (now Tanzania). He went there with two other employees and lived in a high-class house on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam, with a chef and a personal servant. At work, he had to cross Tanganyika to provide oil for customers, and was attacked by wild animals such as tree cobras and lions on the way.

Air Force career in World War II

1In August, 939, as World War II approached, there was a plan to surround hundreds of German troops in Dar es Salaam. Dahl and 14 British people in Dar es Salaam were appointed as officers in Tanzania, each commanding a group of king's African militia. Dahl was very anxious about this and the siege, but he still completed the order.

Later, in June of 1939+0 1, he joined the Royal Air Force. After a 600-kilometer drive from Dar es Salaam to Nairobi, he was allowed to take flight training with 20 other people, of whom 17 later died in air combat. 7 hours and 40 minutes solo internship in DH Tiger Moth. During the flight, he had a bird's eye view of the wildlife in Kenya. He continued advanced flight training at RAF RAFHabbaniya Air Force Base near Baghdad, Iraq. After flying in Hawkhart for six months, he became a second lieutenant in the Air Force and was assigned to the 80th Squadron of the Royal Air Force to fly the old gladiator. Dahl was surprised to know that he would not receive air combat training or even fly a sword fighter.

On September 1940 and 19, Dahl was ordered to fly his "Sword Fighter" from Abu Suwell, Egypt to Amelia to refuel, then to Fuka, Libya for the second refueling, and then to the 80th Squadron small airport 30km south of Matru Port. In the last flight, he couldn't find a small airport. As the night approached, the fuel became less and less, and he was forced to try to land in the desert. Unfortunately, the landing gear hit a boulder, causing the plane to crash. His skull was scratched, his nose stuck in his cheek and his eyes were injured. He struggled to climb out of the burning wreckage of the plane. Later, he mentioned the air crash in his first published work (sequel). The Royal Air Force found that the plane crashed because Dahl was told that the flight location was completely wrong, and Dahl mistakenly flew to the buffer zone between Britain and Italy, which led to the incident.

After being rescued, Dahl was taken to the first aid station in Mesamatru. He regained consciousness there, but his vision did not recover at the same time. Then he was taken to the Royal Naval Hospital in Alexandria. He fell in love with a nurse there, Mary Whelan, and was the first person he saw when he regained his sight eight weeks later. Doctors said that he would never have a chance to fly again, but in February of 194 1, that is, five months after he was taken to the hospital, he was allowed to leave and start flying again.

At this time, the 80th Squadron was in Elefusis, near Athens, Greece, equipped with Eagle Hurricane Fighters, and fought side by side with the British Expeditionary Force in the Greek War. He flew a fighter plane across the Mediterranean in April of 194 1. He only has some operating instructions and seven hours of practice time. At this stage of the war, the Royal Air Force has only 18 fighters, 14 Tornado fighters and four Brenheim bombers in Greece.

On April 15, he made his first air battle in Chalgis, fought with four bombers who were attacking the ship, and manipulated his hurricane fighter to shoot down a Ju88 dive bomber. In another air battle in April 16, he shot down another Rongju Ju88 dive bomber. On April 20th, Dahl, Air Force Major and his friend David Kirk continued to take part in the Battle of Athens and shot down some enemy planes.

When Germany was still suppressing Athens, Dahl was ordered to withdraw to Egypt.

The 80th Squadron regrouped in Haifa, Palestine. Dahl has been flying every day for four weeks. On June 8th, he shot down the Pote 63 fighter plane to spy on the enemy. On June 15, he shot down the enemy's Ju88 dive bomber, but then he began to have a headache, and when the plane turned sharply or changed speed, he became temporarily blind or dizzy, so he retired and returned to England. At this time, his rank is Air Force Captain.

1942, started writing after being transferred to Washington. His first published work was ShotDownOverLibya, which described the crash of his sword fighter. Published in August 1942 in SaturdayEveningPost. C.S.Forester had hoped Dahl would write something interesting about the Royal Air Force first, and then he polished it to make it more story-telling. But when Forrest Gump read the story told by Dahl, he decided that the text didn't need to be revised. The original title was APieceofCake, and later the title was more dramatic, but it ignored the fact that the plane crash had nothing to do with the enemy's actions.

During the war, forest worked in the British Ministry of Information, writing propaganda materials for the Allies, mainly to publicize American consumption. This Jandard joined the espionage activities, belonging to BritishSecurityCoording, and his boss is WilliamStephenson, a Canadian spy leader who is famous for his bravery. During the war, Dahl provided Stephenson with information about Washington. When Dahl returned to England, he was treated unfairly because embassy officials doubted his loyalty to the country. "Those big boys kicked me out (of the intelligence department)," Dahl recalled. Big boy refers to a young or inexperienced official. Stephenson later promoted his official position and sent him back to work in Washington. After the war, Dahl wrote some history about this mysterious organization. Even decades after the end of the war, he and Stephenson remained friends. At the end of the war, Dahl was a lieutenant colonel in the Royal Air Force. His record of five air combat victories has been confirmed by post-war investigations, and the record of Axis countries can also be compared with this.

Life in old age

① family

Dahl has been married to Oscar-winning American actress Patricia Neal for 30 years (1953- 1983). They have five children: Olivia (who died of measles at the age of seven), Tessa, Theo, O 'filia and Lucy.

When Theo was four months old, his stroller was hit by a taxi, which caused his head to be seriously injured. He developed brain edema and his eyes were almost blind. Roald cooperated with several experts to develop WDT(Wade-Dahl-Till), which is a medical product that can relieve symptoms. Theo recovered from this and then grew up smoothly.

1965, Patricia Neal suffered three strokes while pregnant with her fifth child, Lucy. Roald tried every means to make her recover slowly. A year after the stroke, Naal was able to walk and talk again. They divorced on 1983. He later married FelicityCrosland, and this marriage lasted until Roald died.

Filja Dahl and doctor PaulFarmer)*** * set up a non-profit organization PartnersinHealth, which aims to provide medical services for those poor communities. She is also the head of the organization. Lucy Dahl is a playwright in Los Angeles. Tessa's daughter SophieDahl (the inspiration for her partner in Roald's Dream Blowing Giant) is a famous model and writer. She described her grandfather as "a very special person-very strong and always in the dominant position." He didn't shout in the room like the father of the Mifo sisters, but took a firm and affirmative form. "

② Anti-Semitism

Dahl declared himself an anti-Semitic, for which he was boycotted in Israel.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/983, he wrote a book review in Literary Review, criticizing TonyClifton's "God Crys" published in Newsweek, which is a controversial picture book describing Israel's invasion of Lebanon. Dahl's criticism pointed out that during the Lebanon war in June 1982, "we all began to hate the Israelis". This book tends to make readers take an extreme anti-Semitic stance. According to Jeremy Traege, the biographer, Dahl originally wrote "We all began to hate Jews", but GillianGreenwood, the editor of Literary Review, changed Dahl's "Jew" to "Israeli". According to this translation, Dahl Li Shun declared: "I am not an anti-Semitic. I am an anti-Zionist. " It is said that because of these anti-Semitic remarks, Dahl thought that he could not be the knight he always wanted to be. According to the government documents disclosed in 2003, Dahl once refused to accept the title of 1986 British Empire, probably because he wanted to get a knighthood too much.

According to at least two biographers, Dahl, defending his criticism, told a reporter: "Jews have one characteristic. They provoke hatred. I mean, whatever they object to, there is always a reason; Even a despicable person like Hitler did not choose them for no reason. " But according to Traege Ron, Dahl still maintains a personal friendship with his Jewish friends.

In his later years, Dahl occasionally tried to downplay some anti-Semitic accusations. In his work Walking Alone, there are some plots that describe German Jewish exiles sympathetically. The claim is also different from before, claiming that it is injustice, not Jews. He never gave up his tough stance on Israel, but in 1990 shortly before his death, he told the British Independent: "I am undoubtedly anti-Israel, and I am gradually becoming anti-Semitic."

③ Death and inheritance

1990165438+1On October 23rd, roald dahl died at the age of 74 due to a rare disease-pre-leukemia complications. The body was buried in the cemetery of its parish. According to his granddaughter, his family held a Viking funeral for him. The funerary objects include snooker games, red wine, chocolate candy, HB pencils and chainsaws. In memory of him, the Roald Dahl Children's Art Museum was established in Buckinghamshire Museum near Ailesbury.

In 2002, OvalBasinplaza, the landmark building in Cardiff, the capital of Wales, was renamed as RoaldDahlPlass Square. "Plath" is a square in Norwegian, and it is also the recognition of Norwegian writers. There are also many people calling for a permanent statue of him to be erected in public places.

After his death, Dahl's charitable contributions to neurology, hematology and literature continued to be sponsored by his survivors through the roald dahl Foundation. In June, 2005, "roald dahl Museum and Story Center" was opened in GreatMissenden to commemorate roald dahl's contribution to literature.

The road of literature

1942, Dahl was sent to Washington, USA, and served as an assistant air force ambassador at the British Embassy. Soon I met the famous writer c·s· forest, and forest asked him to try to write some war memoirs. As a result, a report entitled "Fierce Competition for Libya" was published in the Saturday Evening News in August under the pseudonym 1942, and Dahl's formal writing career began.

Over time, Dahl became very popular in Washington. He is famous for telling his adventures in the Royal Air Force. His first children's literature work is TheGremlins, which tells the story of a naughty little animal that appeared in the traditional folk custom of the Royal Air Force. Walter Disney tried to make it into a movie, but it didn't work out. This book was published in 1943. Dahl continued to write some children's favorite stories in the 20th century, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda and James and The Great Xiantao.

He also successfully created terrible and creepy adult short stories, often with black humor and unexpected endings. Many of them were first published in American magazines, such as LadiesHomeJournal, Harper's Magazine, Playboy and The New Yorker. Dahl later published these articles in an anthology, and their works won worldwide appreciation. Dahl wrote more than 60 short stories, which is a huge number, but only some of them were published into books after his death (see roald dahl's list of short stories). His story also brought him three Poe literary prizes: at 1954, Someone likes you; ; 1959, TheLandlady's story; ; 1980, a short story based on skin movies.

His famous adult novel TheSmoker or ManfromtheSouth was made into the album AlfredHitchcockPresents, and was adapted into the role of Quentin Landino in the film Four Rooms 1995. His collection of short stories TalesoftheUnexpected was successfully adapted into a TV series of the same name. Some short stories should come from the diary of his fictional uncle Oswald, and the protagonist in these stories is a rich gentleman.

/kloc-In the 1960s, when Dahl was not very successful, he began to write screenplays. Two of them were adapted into novels by ian fleming: James Bond's YouOnlyLiveTwice and ChittyChittyBangBang. He also adapted his own works, such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.

MemorieswithFoodatGipsyHouse, co-authored with his wife Fuhrich, was published in 199 1 after his death. The book is interspersed with recipes-recipes recalled and pondered by family members and Dahl, focusing on favorite foods, such as chocolate, onions and red wine.

Most of his children's literature illustrations were painted by Quentin Blake, who is also Dahl's good friend.

Dahl's children's literature works are often described from the perspective of a child, usually including adult villains-people who hate and abuse children, and at least one "good" adult to alleviate the influence of villains (according to a reference that may be abused, Dahl often integrates his experience in boarding school into his works). Most of the content contains black humor, eccentric plots and terrible violence. This formula is applied in The Witch and Matilda. Dream Blowing Giant abides by and popularizes this formula: "theBFG or BigFriendlyGiant" represents the prototype of "good" adults, while other giants represent "bad" adults. This formula also appears in some of Dahl's plays, such as ChittyChittyBangBang. The theme of class consciousness, such as whether to wear a mask or not, also appears in some works, such as FantasticMrFox and Danny, theChampionoftheWorld. Another feature of Dahl's books is that obese characters are usually children, such as August grupe in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Bruno Jenkins in The Witch, and Bruce Portrott in Matilda, but there is one exception: there is a "huge" protagonist.

Dahl's mother often tells him and his sisters stories about legendary giants and other fictional Norwegian things, so some of his children's literature works, such as The Kind Giant, will contain these giants and other fictional things.

List of works

Adult novels

1) novel

1948: Not for a while: a super user.

1979: My incredible lover

② Collection of short stories

1946:over you: Ten Stories of Flying Man and Flying

someone like you

1960: Kissing

1969: Twenty-nine kisses from RoaldDahl

1979: one of Dahl's surprise novels: TalesoftheUnexpected

1974:switchbitisbn 0 14004 1796

1980: Selected Surprises in Darfur: MoreTalesoftheUnexpected

1978: TheBestofRoaldDahl。

1983: roald dahl's ghost story.

1989: Ah, a sweet and mysterious life (Ah, sweetmysteryoflife: Roald Dahl's country story)

199 1 year: TheCollectedShortStoriesofDahl.

1986: two fables

1997:greatautomaticgrammatitor

2000: TheMildenhallTreasure

Roald Dahl: Stories Collected in 2006

child literature

① Children's stories

1943: TheGremlins

196 1 year: JamesandtheGiantPeach

Good boy-the boy

1964:CharlieandtheChocolateFactory。

1966: theme

1970: FantasticMrFox。

1973: Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, the sequel to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.

1975: world champion Danny.

1977: the wonderful story of Henry Sugar and Sismore

1978: Mr crocodile

1980: wisdom

198 1 year: George's magic potion.

1982: TheBFG

1983: Matching

1985: giraffe, bird and me

1988: Matilda, or Little Witch.

Hello, Essie outlaw.

199 1 year: boys.

199 1 year

② Children's Poetry

1982: offensive verse

1983:dirty beats

1989: Rhythm

drama

1955: Horney created it at Long Mu Theatre on Broadway.

film script

1967: YouOnlyLiveTwice

1968:ChittyChittyBangBang

197 1 year: digger

197 1 year: Willy Winka Chocolate Factory (willy wonka & Chocolate Factory)

Non-fiction

1984: Good boy-my life materials from my childhood story (Boy_TalesofChildhood) to 16 years old, especially my study abroad career in Britain in the early 20th century.

1986: the sequel to going solo's autobiography, which describes his work in shell oil company and the situation before the war in Tanzania.

1986: measles, danger

199 1 year: MemorieswithFoodatGipsyHouse

199 1 year: roald dahl Railway Safety Guide

1993: My Year

1993:TheRoaldDahlOminibus

Winning record

1954 won ① (edgaralanpoeward (1) and American miracle writer award (1).

1959, won the edgar allan poe Prize and the American Miracle Writer Award for the second time.

1972 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory won the New England Children's Library Roundtable Award.

1973 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory won the surrey book of the year award (②).

1975, Charlie and the Big Glass Elevator won the Surrey School Book Award of the Year.

1978 Charlie and the Big Glass Elevator won the Neneaw Award in Hawaii.