What are the names of Lijiang and Old Town of Lijiang in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty?

July and August are the peak season for tourism, and the Spring Festival in 1 1 month is also the peak season. There are many inns in Old Town of Lijiang. There are the most famous banyan trees here, and Naxi Jingdi Inn has the most local cultural flavor of Naxi nationality. The landlord of Naxi Pure Land Inn is Xiao Yuguang, a famous Naxi singer. The name of the inn comes from the popular Naxi song Naxi Jingdi in the ancient city.

National historical and cultural city, under the jurisdiction of 1 Zhenhe 14. The ancient city of Dayan Town, the county seat, is 2400 meters above sea level, with an urban area of 6 square kilometers and a population of about 60,000. There are Naxi, Han, Bai, Lisu, Pumi, Yi, Tibetan and Miao. Among them, Naxi people account for 57.7% of the county's total population. During the Warring States period, it belonged to Shu County of Qin State. Yue county in Korea. The three countries belong to Yunnan county. Suiduan County was in the Southern Dynasties, and the ancestors of Naxi nationality moved here around this time. In the Tang Dynasty, it was the governor's house of Yaozhou, followed by Tubo and Nanzhao, and it was called Sangchuan, which belonged to Jianchuan Festival. In the Song Dynasty, Dali was a good county and began to build cities. Kublai Khan invaded Dali in the south. After crossing the Jinsha River with a leather bag on his back, he stationed troops here to train. At that time, the site of "A Ying" still existed. At that time, there were more than 1000 families, and it was changed to Lijiang Road in thirteen years. The name of Lijiang began, and it was named after Lijiang (the ancient name of Jinsha River) Bay. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the palace built by the local Tusi Mu was very beautiful. In his travel notes, Xu Xiake called it "the beauty of the palace, which means being king", while Lijiang House is "the county rich in crowns and lands". "Biography of Yunnan Tusi in Ming Dynasty" said that "Yunnan local officials all know poetry and books, and are good at etiquette and righteousness, headed by Lijiang Mu". The name of Fucheng Dayan also began in the Ming Dynasty. Because it is located in the center of Lijiang Bazi, surrounded by green hills and shaped like a giant inkstone platform, it is named Dayan (inkstone) room. The Qing Dynasty was Lijiang Prefecture. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the land was changed to flow, ending the hereditary rule of the wooden chieftain since the Yuan Dynasty. In the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), Lijiang County was established, and 196 1 Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was established.

The ancient city is bordered by Xiangmian Mountain in the north, Lion Mountain in the west and Wenbi Mountain in the south, with green peaks like a screen. It is famous for not building city walls, because the hereditary toast of Lidong in ancient times was named Mu. If the wall is built, the word "sleepy" will be added to the frame, so there is no wall in the ancient city. Yuquan water gushes from the Black Dragon Pool in the northeast of the city, divides along the street and passes through the house. It is clear all year round and has the style of plateau water city of "every household has morning sun and flowing water". Residential buildings and streets are surrounded by mountains and rivers, which are simple and natural. The location of the city makes full use of the geographical environment. The streets and courtyards are planted with flowers and trees, which is known as "Li County never likes to plant trees, and the ancient city has no households and no flowers". The road is paved with Lijiang specialty colored stone slabs, and there are stone arch bridges above the streams, with small bridges facing the waves and winding paths leading to secluded places. There is no mud in rainy season and no dust in dry season. At that time, the streets of Lijiang were a dirt field, with mud knee-deep in rainy season and sandstorms everywhere in dry season. In the Ming Dynasty, the Tusi excavated the Xihe River, using the terrain of high in the west and low in the east, manually controlled the movable slate, regularly introduced the Xihe River into the river, and washed the streets paved with five flowers and stones to keep the city clean. In the Qing Dynasty, the East River was dug and the water in the middle reaches was introduced into the city. Sanshui entered the city in this way, passing through the streets and lanes, divided into countless small canals, connected with Tanquan, forming a water system as dense as a spider web and covering Jincheng. There is a landscape of "flowing water in front of every house, weeping willows brushing the eaves". Where there is water, there are bridges, including more than 70 single-hole, double-hole, three-hole and porous bridges. Many stone arch bridges were carefully designed and built by skilled craftsmen hired by Naxi chieftain from the mainland in Ming Dynasty, which has ornamental value and high practicability. The center of Lijiang City is Sifang Street, which has been a gathering place for business travel, prosperous business and festivals since ancient times. There are many Ming and Qing buildings in the city, all of which are well preserved. There are refuge hall, Black Dragon Pool, Wufenglou, Deyuelou, Suocui Bridge, Jiefang Forest, Wooden Tusi House and ancient houses, which are the treasures of ancient urban construction in China. Imitating the Forbidden City in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, the Tusi House of the Mu family has dozens of courtyards, including three halls, a temple, ten stacks, and the "Royal Garden" of Lion Mountain, with a grand scale and magnificent halls, covering an area of 400,000 square meters. The houses of ordinary people, with three sides and one wall, many east doors, spacious halls and corridors, generous patios, doors and windows carved with flowers and birds, are full of cultural atmosphere, which embodies the artistic attainments and aesthetic taste of Naxi people. Known as "Gusu Plateau" and "Venice Plateau".

1997 12. Old Town of Lijiang successfully declared the world cultural heritage, which filled the gap that China has no famous historical and cultural city in the world cultural heritage.

Lijiang is located at the junction of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. It is mountainous, mainly including Yulong Snow Mountain and Laojun Mountain. There are two major water systems: Jinsha River and Lancang River. The highest elevation is that the main peak of Yulong Snow Mountain is steep, with an altitude of 5,596 meters, and the lowest point is the Jinsha River exit at the foot of the river slope in Qihe District, with an altitude of 1, 2 19 meters, forming a three-dimensional climate of cold, warm and hot. Most of the towns here are located in a small mountain basin called Yunnan Dam, while Old Town of Lijiang is located at the southern foot of Lion Mountain in the middle of Lijiang Dam.

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history

Old Town of Lijiang was built by the ancestors of Mu family. Tracing back to the architectural history of "Lijiang people", it has developed from ancient cave houses, tree nests and dead wood shacks to the ancient city residential model of "three squares and one wall", "four entrances and five patios, and walking to the attic". The plane feature of the ancient city dwellings is the courtyard-centered, introverted courtyard combination, and the Xia Zi (Gallery) is an important part of the Naxi nationality dwellings.

In A.D. 1254, the ancestor of the Mu family in Lijiang joined Kublai Khan and set up three official posts in the ancient city. Its organizational system is subordinate to Chahan Zhang Guanmin's official position. In A.D. 1276, it was changed to Lijiang Road Military and Civilian Headquarters. In A.D. 1382, A Jia, the magistrate of Tongan, joined the Ming Dynasty and established Lijiang Military and Civilian Mansion. The military residences in Old Town of Lijiang and Lijiang (Mujiayuan) are unique and magnificent, and they are also the symbols of the politics, economy and power of the Mu family at that time. Xu Xiake, a famous traveler in China in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote in Lijiang Travel Notes: "The beauty of the palace is the king" and "the residential quarters are full of tiled houses". It is a true portrayal of the prosperous landscape of Old Town of Lijiang in those days. Naxi people are good at absorbing and drawing lessons from foreign cultures, because Lijiang is located at the port of the Southern Silk Road, on the ancient tea-horse road. It is a distribution center for Yunnan-Tibet trade. From A.D. 1253, Kublai Khan stationed in Lijiang brought foreign culture, and was later influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, Taoism and other Central Plains cultures, and was also influenced by Christian culture until the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, the ancient Dongba religion, Dongba Sutra, Dongba hieroglyphics, Dongba paintings and the ancient music of Naxi Cave Sutra, known as the remains of Yuan people, were added. All these can be eclectic and coexist. These cultural influences have added the connotation of Old Town of Lijiang.

The beauty of the ancient city lies in the nature and harmony of its geographical environment. 30 kilometers northwest of the ancient city is the Yulong Snow Mountain and the remains of the fourth glacier, with an altitude of 5596 meters, which has not been conquered by human beings. Yuquan has three main streams: west, middle and east. It flows into the ancient city and divides into several tributaries, so that the water network and the road network paved with flowers and stones are intertwined, which is really wonderful. Many Chinese and foreign architects admire it, and it is known as "Gusu on the Plateau" and "Venice in the East". For a long time, countless tourists at home and abroad have been attracted by ancient cities and snow-capped mountains, lingering in the quaint, natural, elegant and quiet ancient cities.