The content of Spanish movies

1896 during the silent film period, a Frenchman, A. P. Lomio, showed L. Lu Meyer's film in Madrid. In the same year, he filmed a film in Spain on May 15, St.? The students of Louis School walked out of the school gate. In June+10, 5438, E. Chimeno filmed his first Spanish film "Out of pilar Church in Zaragoza after Mass". 1897, F. Hera Bertau wrote, directed and acted with her own camera in Barcelona, and produced the first Spanish feature film "The Quarrel in the Cafe". Then, he made films such as The Gate of Santa Maria Church in Sans. From 1898 to 1906, he made 1 1 movies, and was recognized as the first Spaniard to make contributions to the domestic film industry. Another film pioneer is engineer S.de Jomon, who founded the first film dyeing company in Barcelona. His films are imaginative, such as "Electronic Hotel" (1905), in which trick photography is used.

Early silent films were mainly adapted from plays. The Banhos brothers put Don Juan (19 10) and Sacrifice (19 10) on the screen. It was on the eve of World War I, but Spanish films were divorced from reality and did not reflect. 1920, The Festival of Baroma Village directed by J Buhe received rave reviews.

From 1925 to 1929, Spanish silent films developed rapidly. Spanish films from 1930s to early 1920s focused on depicting Spanish culture. Most of them were local culture and documentaries, and later they turned to Spanish literary scripts. 1928 produced 59 films. Outstanding directors include F Rey, J Buch, B Perojo and F delgado. Most of the films are adapted from literary works, such as The Guide for the Blind (1926), The House of Troas (1925), St. Sister Surbir Theo (1927), etc. In addition, folk films, musicals and operettas are also very popular. Throughout the silent film period, F Rey's "Augustina of Aragon" (1928) described the story of the Spanish people's resistance to the French invaders, and "Evil Village" (1929) reflected the situation that farmers were forced to go out to make a living. These two films are extraordinary and have achieved great success.

The birth of early sound films greatly shook the Spanish film industry. At the end of 1929, director F. Elias filmed Spain's first audio film "Mysterious Sun Gate". However, it failed because of the imperfect technical equipment. Therefore, many directors go abroad, especially to the United States, to shoot Spanish films and distribute them in Latin American countries. This has greatly affected the domestic film production in Spain, and the output has dropped sharply. It was not until Elias returned to Barcelona from France to set up Albia Film Company, and successfully produced the first audio feature film Bacchus (1932) that Spanish audio films got on the right track.

From 1932 to 1933, only a few were published. L. bunuel filmed the documentary Land Without Food (1932), which described the poverty, backwardness and ignorance in the Urdel area and touched the reality. From 1934 to 1936, the establishment of American Spanish Film Company and Spanish Film Company promoted the development of film industry. 1935 produced 37 pieces. The most influential ones are B. Perojo's adaptation of Black People with White Heart (1934), F. Ray's Noble Country People (1935) and morena? Clara (1935), etc. Movies in this period are mainly folk movies, operettas and popular dramas that show rural life. The film is interspersed with scenes of Andalusian dance and bullfighting.

Before the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, although American films were dumped to Spain, the films made in Spain were still competitive and welcomed by many audiences, occupying a large part of the market in Spanish-speaking countries in South America. During this period, popular actresses I. Ahenna, comedians M. Lihero and R. Chimeno appeared.

Movies during the Civil War 1936 18 In July, the Spanish Civil War broke out, many film companies stopped production, and filmmakers were divided. Some people went into exile to make movies, some joined the People's Front and the government, and some worked for the National Government.

In * * * and government areas, documentaries reflecting people's struggles are mainly filmed, such as 1936 Farmers and Madrid. I also made several feature films. During this period, many foreign filmmakers came to shoot films reflecting the Spanish Civil War, such as Land of Spain (1937) by J. Evans, and French writer A. malraux adapted several chapters of his novel into the film Mount teruel.

Filmmakers in the areas ruled by the National Government made some documentaries praising the Pike Party. At the beginning of 1938, they cooperated with Germany to set up a Spanish German film company to make films together. From 1938 to 1939, the company and ufa co-produced five feature films, among which The Barber of Seville (1938) and The Sigh of Spain (1938) directed by B. Perojo are two well-known films.

The history of Spanish films during Franco's reign can be divided into the following stages.

(1)1940 ~1950. It was in the early postwar period of 10. First, the Ministry of Information was in charge of film, and then the General Administration of Film was established, which established a strict censorship system, emphasized the importance of national films, and stipulated the ratio of foreign films to domestic films. Soon, the Film Writers Association was established, and the San Sebastian International Film Festival was also established. 1947, the Spanish Film Research and Experiment Institute opened.

Most of the films made in this period were commercial films, including custom films, films adapted from literary works and historical films, which were far from reality. In addition, there are films that promote and praise the spear party. Some old directors, such as Ray, B. Perojo and E. Adabin, are still active in the film industry, while R. Hill, A. Roman and J. L. Saenz are also emerging? De heredia, e Neville and other newcomers.

194 1 year, Ray turned his silent film "Evil Village" into a sound film, and won the prize at 1942 Venice International Film Festival. The Evil Village plays an important role in the history of Spanish movies, whether it is a sound movie or a silent movie. In addition, The Nail (1944), Don Quixote (1947) and Streets Without the Sun (1948) directed by Hill are also films with high attendance.

During this period, Franco wrote the screenplay "Family" under the pseudonym of J. De Anlade (194 1), written by L. Saenz? Directed by De heredia. Through the change of a military family, the film shows the major political events in Spain for half a century and advocates the Franco spirit.

The main actors at that time were A. Mayo, R. Duran, M. Vecino and A. Rivers.

(2)1951~1962. Influenced by Italian neo-realistic films, Spain began to produce a number of films reflecting real life in the early 1950s. 195 1 year, the Plow directed by J.A.N Comte received rave reviews. J.A. Balden, who graduated from the Film Research and Experimental College, and L.G. Belanga, the screenwriter, and Marshall, the director of Belanga, welcome you. It describes the preparations made by a small town to welcome a member of the Marshall Plan, profoundly reflects the social reality, satirizes the so-called economic aid plan of the United States, and won the special prize of the jury of Cannes Film Festival from 65438 to 0956. Later, Balden's Death of a Cyclist exposed the selfishness and hypocrisy of the middle class and won the special prize of the jury of Cannes International Film Festival again. Berlanga filmed placido (196 1) and the executioner (1964). "The Hangman" won the International Criticism Award of Venice International Film Festival, and was rated as one of the 65,438+00 best films in Spanish film history. In addition, Italian M. Ferelli directed the films Little House (65,438+0958) and Cars (65,438+0960) for Spain. Cars depicts the loneliness of the elderly in a pungent and humorous way, and won the Venice Film Festival International Review Award with 1960. Actor J. Isbert, who played the leading role in Cars, The Hangman and Welcome to Marshall, was praised for his real and touching performances.

During this period, other films that occupied a certain position in the history of Spanish cinema included The Last Folk Song (1957) directed by J. de Orr Dugner, which was shown in Madrid for 325 days and was a success in Mexico. The heroine of this film, S. Montil, became a movie actress after I. Ahentina and A. bautista; Billy Di Anna (196 1), directed by L. bunuel and co-produced by Spain and Mexico, won the Palme d 'Or at Cannes Film Festival, but it was not released in Spain until after 1976 because it was suspected of criticizing Franco's regime.

(3)1962 ~1967. Now is the Spanish new film period. 1962, the Spanish General Administration of Film and Drama announced new strict film censorship regulations, but relaxed the film standards that were previously banned, encouraged the development of national films, and strived to enter the international market.

At that time, a group of young people who were studying and working in Madrid National Film Academy (formerly Film Research and Experiment Institute) and Barcelona Film Academy wanted to innovate Spanish films under the influence of the new wave of France. They have produced a number of films that reflect reality and attack society, with fresh styles, and formed new films in Spain. Representative figures and their works include Crying for a Robber (1964) and Hunting (1965) directed by C. Saura, who won the Silver Bear Award at the West Berlin International Film Festival. M. Sumers' From Rose to Yellow (1963) won the Silver Shell Award at San Sebastian International Film Festival; M Picasso's first novel "Tula Menstruation" (1964), based on M de unamuno's novel of the same name, won the Best Director Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival. In addition, Nine Letters to Bertas (1965) filmed by B.M. patino won the Silver Shell Award at the San Sebastian International Film Festival; J Diallo's "The Age of Love" (1964) and M Foer's "Burning Skin" (1968) won the Spanish Academy Award and the valladolid Film Festival Best Works Award with 1964 and 1968 respectively. M. Sumers' Little Girl in Dai Xiao (1964) won the special prize of Cannes Film Festival; A. Fonce's Seeking (1966) and H. Grau's Summer Night (1962) are both well received by critics.

Most of the "new films" in this period adopted elaborate narrative style and deliberately innovated themes, which exposed the shortcomings of social reality to a certain extent, thus promoting the development of the film industry and attracting attention at home and abroad. 1966 164, reaching a new peak. However, due to the strict control of the authorities, metaphors and symbols were mostly used in the works of this period, and the steps were difficult. Nevertheless, "new film" has left a glorious footprint in the history of Spanish film.

(4)1970 ~1975. Due to the economic depression, the government's loans to movies are shrinking day by day, and the review is becoming more and more strict. Therefore, film production was at a low ebb during this period.

During this period, Saura has made outstanding achievements. His Anna and the Wolf (1972) reflects the problems of the army, the church and sex. His Cousin Angelica (1973) won the jury prize of 1974 Cannes Film Festival. The Spirit of the Beehive (1973) directed by V Erice and The Fugitive (1975) directed by j·l· Borau won the San Sebastian Film Festival, and The Wolf's Forest (1970) directed by P Olaiya also won favorable comments.

Contemporary film 1975 165438+ Franco1died on October 20th. Since then, great changes have taken place in Spain's politics, economy and culture. In terms of movies, the censorship system was abolished and films were banned. For example, L. Bounuel's Biliadina (translated from Virginia, 196 1), B. M. Padino's Song after the War (197 1) and some foreign pornographic films. At the same time, films with various themes are competing to be produced. 108 is made in 1976, 1 13 is made in 1977. The audience's requirements for the ideology and artistry of the film are becoming more and more strict. Some directors have inherited and developed the characteristics of "new movies" reflecting reality, and made a number of films reflecting political events, civil wars and social reality.

The appearance of political films marks the beginning of a new era of Spanish films, among which Seven Days in January (1978) directed by J.A. Balden describes the real events of the extreme right killing several progressive lawyers in Madrid from 1977 to124 October, and won the Moscow International Film Festival. Dolores (1980), directed by J.L.G G. Sanchez and A. Linarek, is a biographical film of Spanish production party leader dolores. Gang directed by M.G. Aragon (1977) describes the anti-government activities of the extreme right, and won the Silver Bear Award for best director at the 27th West Berlin Film Festival. His films such as Heart of the Forest (1978) and Devil in the Garden (1982) are also included. A. The Burning City (1976) and Victory (1983) filmed by Rivas reflect the historical events in Spain at the end of 18 and the beginning of 19. Burning City won an award at the Montreal World Film Festival. Besides, The Assassination of Pedro Bess (1978) and Escape from segovia (198 1) are all political films.

The Spanish civil war from 1936 to 1939 brought spiritual and spiritual trauma to the people, and people began to reflect on this history. J. Camino's 1936 (1975) Long Holiday and Old Memories (1977), J. Chavarri's "Bicycle in Summer" (1984) and "Start Over" are based on the following.

Since 1975, there have been more and more films reflecting human problems. It is difficult to communicate between people, and the inevitable loneliness and depression of people have become the theme explored by western filmmakers. Spanish films in the new era, including the works of famous film directors such as Alejandro Amenabar, Pedro Almodovar and Fernando Colomo, will help Spanish films stand out. The Nest (1980) directed by J. Deamic Nyang describes the loneliness of an old widower and his friendship with a girl of 13 years old. A. Toret, an actor who plays a little girl, wrote The Spirit of the Beehive (1977) and Palliative Care (65438). Because of her successful performance in the Bird's Nest, she won the Best Actress Award at the Montreal International Film Festival. "Gary?" Directed by female directors P Miro? Cooper in Paradise (1980) describes a TV female directors who is very enterprising and can't communicate with his relatives and friends after he is terminally ill. Pmiro was the director of the Spanish Film Bureau from 1983 to 1985. Another film of hers, The Crime of Cuenca (1979), has a high attendance rate and caused a sensation among the audience when it was released in Japan. Eliza, My Baby (1977) directed by Saura shows the loneliness and fear of death of an old scholar, and even his own daughter can't get to know him. The heroine of this film is played by G Chaplin, the daughter of movie master C Chaplin. The film adopts blue and gray as the keynote and uses surreal expression techniques, which is well received. The South (1983) filmed by V Erice shows her father's melancholy and depression with a girl's self-report. The film won an award at the Chicago Film Festival. Most of these films are delicate and touching, trying to portray the inner world of the characters.

In 1980s, many literary works were adapted into films, among which The Beehive (1982) directed by M. Camous was the most successful and won the Golden Bear Award at the West Berlin Film Festival. His other work, The Holy and Innocent Man (1984) won the China 1984 Best Film Award. Except paskol? Duarte (1976), the last few afternoons with Teresa (1985) and other films. But during this period, in pursuit of commercial profits, many thrillers, ghost films, pornographic films and vulgaria were also filmed.

The main directors in this period are Bolao, De La Iglesia and Olaiya.

1984 65438+ 10, the Spanish government promulgated the film protection law, subsidizing the cost of domestic films by 25-50%. If the film is successful, you can get more subsidies. In order to expand the influence of Spanish films in the international film industry, Spain holds more than 10 international film festivals every year, and holds Spanish film weeks and retrospective exhibitions in many countries. Goya Award for Spanish Film 1987 introduces the Spanish Film Academy. The honor and recognition of Excellence in the Spanish film industry created this annual award ceremony. This shot in the arm, as a kind of care for the poor Spanish films, will help to promote fresh talents to enter the industry and promote the Spanish films to be in line with the international standards. Some Spanish films have won prizes at important international film festivals. Spain produces an average of 70 ~ 100 movies every year. Nevertheless, as many as 350 ~ 400 foreign films are released every year, and American films still control its market. By 1984, there were 35 10 cinemas in Spain, and the audience dropped.

The official Spanish Film Academy has been closed; The National Film Archive is located in Madrid and is under the leadership of the Film Bureau. Each province has its own film archives; All production companies are private enterprises.