Foreign art schools

Florence School: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

Venetian School: Titian giorgione

Baroque style

Rubens Belas spent Benigni Rembrandt.

Rococo style

Butcher Eduardo fragonard Xia Erdan Turner

neoclassical style

Pu Sang David Angel

Barbizon School

Coromiller Rousseau

Russian circuit school

Lie Bin Levitan shishkin Surikov

Impression painting school

Manet Monet pissarro Dega Renoir

New impression painting school

Seurat Sinek

post-impressionism

Van Gogh Cezanne Gauguin Paris School

Xia Jiaer Modigliani

cubism

Picasso Pollack's Painting Photography: Painting photography is an art school that flourished in the field of photography in the early 20th century, and originated in England in the middle of 19th century. Photographers of this school pursue the effect of painting or the realm of "poetic" in their creation.

It has gone through three stages: imitation stage; An elegant stage; Art stage. The painter put forward "Raphael of photography, Titian of photography." Painting photography has experienced a long period of development. The first photographic disc for painting was the British painter Shiloh (1802- 1870). He is good at portrait photography, and his works are rigorous in structure and elegant in shape. 185 1 to 1853 is the growth period of painting photography. 1869, British photographer HP Robinson (1830-1901) published a book about the picturesque effect of photography. He proposed: "A photographer must have rich emotions and in-depth artistic understanding in order to become an excellent photographer. Undoubtedly, the continuous progress and invention of photography technology inspire higher goals, which is enough to make photographers play more freely; But the progress of technology does not mean the progress of art. Because photography itself, no matter how exquisite and complete, is just a belt leading to a higher goal. " It laid a theoretical foundation for this school.

The main photographers and works of this genre are: Pledge (? -1896) Baron's banquet, Robinson Crusoe, pagoda scene; Robin Hood's "At the end of the day, autumn, two little girls, dying, Juliet with poison bottles, dawn and sunset"; Relander the Baptist, the leader of Sunglow Covenant, Evy, Virginia, You Dite and Holofernes; Thomas Carlyle and Nida (1820- 19 10) of Mrs. Cameron (15-1897) are dying.

Impressionist Photography: 1899, the first French Impressionist Art Exhibition was held in Britain. Under the influence of the painter Robinson, he put forward the aesthetic standard that "soft tone photography is more beautiful than sharp tone photography" and advocated "soft tone" photography. This school is the reflection of painting impressionism in the field of photography.

The artistic features of this genre are gloomy tone, rough shadow lines and rich decoration, but lack of sense of space. Its famous photographer is Du Masi (? -1937), Puyue (1857- 1933), Qiu En (1866- 1944), Watsek (1848-/) 187 1- 1937) and so on.

Realistic photography: Realistic photography is a school of photography with a long history, which continues to this day and is still the basis and main school of photography. It is the embodiment of realistic creation method in the field of photography art.

Photographers of this genre insist on the documentary characteristics of photography in their creation. In their view, photography should have the loyalty of "equality with nature itself". Only when every detail in the picture has "mathematical accuracy" can the work exert its appeal and persuasiveness that other art media do not have. A. Stiglitz once said: "Only discussing loyalty is our mission." On the other hand, they reflect objects coldly and objectively like objective mirrors, and advocate that creation should be selective, and artists should have their own aesthetic judgment on what they reflect. The famous realistic photographer Lewis Haine once said such a famous saying: "I want to expose those things that should be corrected;" At the same time, we should also reflect on what should be praised. " It can be seen that they advocate that art should "reflect life". They dare to face up to reality, and most of their creative themes are taken from social life. The artistic style is unpretentious, but it has strong witness and prompt power.

Naturalistic Photography: 1899, photographer Peter Henry Emerson published a paper entitled "Naturalistic Photography" in view of the weakness of painting-style creation, criticizing painting-style photography as fragmented photography and advocating photographers to return to nature and seek creative inspiration. In his view, nature is the starting point and end point of art, and only the art that is closest to nature and most similar to nature is the highest art. This artistic concept is a reaction to painting, which urges people to liberate photography from the shackles of academic school and promote the full play of its own characteristics. The creative themes of this school are mostly natural scenery and social life.

Because naturalistic photography is satisfied with describing the surface truth of reality and the absolute truth of details, it ignores the excavation of the essence of reality and the refinement of surface objects. In a word, it does not pay attention to the typicality of artistic creation and artistic image, so it is essentially the vulgarization of realism. Sometimes it leads to a distortion of reality.

The famous photographers in this school are Dwieson (1856- 1930) and Wilkinson (1857- 192 1).

Pure photography: Pure photography is a mature photography art school in the early 20th century. Its founder is American photographer Stie Grize (1864- 1946). They advocate that photography should give full play to its own characteristics and expression, get rid of the influence of painting, and pursue the unique aesthetic effect of photography with pure photography technology-high definition, rich tone levels, subtle changes in light and shadow, pure black and white tones, meticulous texture expression and accurate image depiction. In a word, the photographers of this school deliberately pursue the so-called "photographic quality": accurately, directly, subtly and naturally express the light, color, line, shape, grain and quality of the subject, without any other modeling art media.

The famous photographer of this genre is strand (1890-? ) and young photographers in the group f 6.2 photography institutions, such as Ardanz and Gen Linghan. In the late period of Pure School, the works developed to the abstraction of lines, patterns and distorted images, and its influential photographers were Yabo, Steiner, Steven and Evans.

Neo-objectivism photography: Neo-objectivism photography is also called "dominant photography" and "new realistic photography". It is a school of photography art that appeared in the 1920s. The artistic feature of this school is to seek "beauty" in ordinary things. By means of close-up, close-up and other means, the subject is "separated" from the whole, a certain detail of the subject is highlighted, and its surface structure is accurately and truly portrayed, thus achieving dazzling visual effects. It does not think that the essence of art lies in the essence of objects, so its aesthetic thought belongs to naturalism. For example, in 1923, photographer Pacho took a close-up shot of the locomotive shaft, showing the state of the locomotive shaft in operation, which gave the audience a strong visual impression because the picture abandoned other details. Famous photographers of neo-objectivism are Sander (1876- 1964), Lasky (1871-956) and Haig (1893-/kloc-).

Surrealism photography: Surrealism photography is a genre that emerged in the field of photography art during the decline of Dadaism in the 1930s. This school has strict art courses and theories. They believe that it is a task that classical artists have already completed to express the real world with realistic creative methods, while the mission of modern artists is to explore the new and unexplored "spiritual world" of mankind. Therefore, people's subconscious activities, accidental inspiration, psychopathy and dreams have become the objects of surrealist photographers' deliberate performance.

Famous photographers of this genre include Paerhan, a painter engaged in surrealist highlights; Deformed human photographer Brent; Portrait and publicity photographers Carson, Blumenthal, Lorraine, Halsman, Lion, etc.

Abstract photography: Abstract photography is a school of photography art that rose after the First World War. Photographers of this school deny that plastic arts reflect life and express artists' aesthetic feelings with observable artistic images, and claim to liberate photography from photography.

At the beginning, the detailed texture and rich tone of the "main body" were omitted by bottomless amplification method, and a "light map" was made that only showed its shape. Later, we developed either using light, editing highlights, or intermediate exposure, or shaking the camera during shooting to blur the image of the subject on the negative, or repeatedly exposing it to make it appear ghost, until we changed the surface structure of the picture, changed the original shape and spatial structure of the subject, and tried to use the so-called "absolute abstract language" of form, tone (color) and material to transform the subject into a combination of lines, points and shapes that could not be recognized. To show the so-called most authentic and essential subconscious world of human beings that artists of this genre regard as the standard. In the work, the object to be photographed is just a note borrowed by the artist to produce a "melody" to express one's imagination and personality at will.

The originator of abstract photography is Talbot (1800- 1877). At the beginning, the picture of the work still maintained a certain degree of identifiability. By 19 17, photographers were trained (1882-? ) Bordeaux Pictorial, shot with sawdust and transparent glass fragments, is beyond recognition. 1922, Hungarian abstract painter Moholinaki (1895-? ) in Manrui (1890-? ) and others, and established in theory. Subsequently, abstract painters Kandinsky and Koehler introduced microphotography and X-ray photography, which greatly expanded the expression range of abstract photography, enriched the language of photography art, and established their own artistic system, which was popular in Europe and America.

In addition to those mentioned in the article, there are other representatives of this school, such as Scott, Fenninger, Anzhen Rand, Freitay, Winkler, Grimport, Friedrich Hirth and Bruggaier.

Kanpai photography: Kanpai photography is a major photography school that opposed painting photography after the First World War. This school of photographers advocates respecting the characteristics of photography, emphasizing truth and nature, advocating that the subject should not be manipulated or interfered when shooting, and that the instantaneous modality of the subject should be grasped in the natural state. Henri cartier bresson, a famous French photographer, said: "For me, photography is to record the meaning of an event and accurately express its precise organizational form in an instant." Therefore, the artistic characteristics of this school are objective, true, natural, cordial, casual, unpretentious, vivid and full of life.

As far as their aesthetic thoughts and creative tendencies are concerned, the situation of "Kan" photographers is more complicated. Although they advocate the expression of human nature, most of them are engaged in news photography, but there are also naturalists and realists. The famous photographers of this school are Thomas Dau Weil Mai Aboy of the United States; Park Jung Su Modal in Britain; Victor Hoffman of France; There are Louis Dahl Wolff, Peter Starkpier Bruvic and so on.

"Dadaism" photography: "Dadaism" is a literary trend of thought that appeared in Europe during the First World War. "Dada" was originally an incoherent vocabulary of "pony" or "toy horse" in French children's language. Dadaism artists deny rationality and traditional culture in their creation, claim that art is divorced from aesthetics, advocate "abandoning painting and all aesthetic requirements" and advocate nothingness, which makes their creation almost playful, so people call this art school "Dadaism". Under the influence of this artistic trend of thought, "Dadaism" has also appeared in the field of photography. The famous photographer Halsman once created a Mona Lisa. Her plump hands are not only blue and hairy here, but also full of money. It's ridiculous and neither fish nor fowl. Famous Dadaism photographers include Philip Halsman, Morgan, Laszlo Molina Feng Jingen and Listsky.

Subjective photography: Subjective photography is a school of photography art formed after World War II, which is more "abstract" than abstract photography, so it is also called "postwar school". It is the reflection of existentialism philosophy in the field of photography. Its founder is German photographer Ott Steiner. In addition to Ott and Stannett, his famous photographers include Jay Schmohl, Shaw Van Ocan, Lan Payne and Mo Volkert.