Methods and skills of macro photography

Lead: Macro photography is close to framing, fine focusing and proper light. The photo was born on a tripod trying to be more stable. Let me share some macro photography methods and skills with you. Let's go and have a look!

The method and skill of macro photography is close to the object of 10cm, which is not clear to the human eye. This means that human eyes can't perceive more detailed textures. With the help of a magnifying glass, more detailed morphology can be observed. Macro photography is an important and fascinating branch of photography, which observes the world from a brand-new perspective. Textile texture, beetle wings, car logo, crystal dew on petals. This is a mysterious and unique image world, which transcends the human eye's cognition of details.

The error rate of photos often makes photographers lose their temper, and sometimes they want to get a more microscopic scene but suffer from the fact that ordinary lenses can only provide the magnification of 1: 1. If you want to do macro photography better, you must understand it from the overall situation.

Before talking about equipment, macro photographers should know several words it emphasizes. They are magnification, closest focal length, effective aperture and aberration.

magnifying power

Amplification is amplification. Usually, it refers to the ratio of the size of the final image seen by human eyes to the size of the original object after the object passes through the objective lens and then through the eyepiece, which is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and eyepiece. The viewfinder magnification often used in photography refers to this, and is often expressed as a percentage. Macro magnification has a new meaning, which refers to the ratio of image size to actual scene size on the focal plane. Focal plane or film or digital sensor CCD, CMOS.

Macro usually uses 1: *, 1:2 to indicate that the imaging on the focal plane is half of the actual size of the subject. Macro photography is usually defined as the magnification of 1: 1. Ultra-macro photography generally means that the imaging is larger than the actual size of the subject, such as 2: 1, 3: 1.

To achieve high magnification, the lens needs a closer field of view, so it is called macro.

Nearest focal length

When shooting close-range, because the object distance is shortened, the imaging can be enlarged. General lens can't image at close range. This is because the ordinary lens is optimized according to the shooting distance of several times the focal length of the lens. When the object distance is 100 times of the focal length of the lens, the lens performs best and all kinds of aberrations are well balanced. Beyond this distance, the balance is broken. However, due to the need of composition, optical manufacturers still set the focal length of the lens closer. For example, the nearest focal length of a general 50mm lens is about 45cm, but when shooting in the range of 1 m, there will still be deformation and serious edge photoetching (dark corner). When the distance between the focal plane and the object is less than 45 cm, the lens will be unable to focus.

Note that the closest focal length refers to the distance from the object to the focal plane, not to the front lens. The closest focal length is marked on the lens, and the working distance of the front lens is less than this parameter.

In order to obtain greater magnification, it is necessary to make the lens closer to the subject. The closer the nearest focal length is, the more intense the long-distance shooting can be achieved by the front lens, which is the macro lens method used in macro photography.

Macro lens is a lens specially designed by optical manufacturers to achieve high magnification, which can effectively correct the phase difference in close-range photography and is expensive.

effective aperture

The f value of the lens aperture refers to the ratio of the focal length to the incident aperture when the lens is focused at infinity. However, when the focusing distance is not infinite, the ratio will increase, and the increase of aperture f value is not obvious in ordinary photography, but the increase effect will be obviously strengthened in macro photography. When shooting at close range, the actual aperture f value of the lens is F = F? (1+m). m refers to the magnification. When the magnification is 1: 1, the effective aperture will decrease by two steps. If the lens aperture is set to F4, when the macro of 1: 1 is used, the effective aperture value is F8.

Modern cameras are equipped with ttl metering system, so they can measure light accurately. However, when using the macro lens, it is often felt that the light is too dim, and it is easy to blur because of the slow door when shooting.

misdemean

The image formed by optical system is different from that obtained by paraxial optics (Gaussian optics), and there is a certain deviation. The deviation between optical imaging and paraxial imaging is called aberration. Photographers can directly understand that Gaussian optical imaging is ideal imaging.

Field curvature aberration often occurs in macro photography.