Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - Dragon Boat Festival on May 15-Midsummer Carnival in Yanbodu, my hometown.
Dragon Boat Festival on May 15-Midsummer Carnival in Yanbodu, my hometown.
As far as I can remember, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" was born, grew up, studied, cut wood, grew vegetables, raised pigs, cooked and bred in my hometown of Cili, Hunan ... 14, 15 years ago.
Nevertheless, in my hometown, there are basically the same festivals as the Dragon Boat Festival in many parts of the country. It's just that this festival, which is similar to the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, is celebrated in my hometown on May 15th of the summer calendar. Hometown people usually say "over the 15th" instead of the Dragon Boat Festival. In my memory, hearing the word "Dragon Boat Festival" corresponds to my hometown's "Tenth Five-Year Plan". I didn't listen to my teacher until I went to primary school.
Speaking of the Dragon Boat Festival in Yanbodu, there are three different Dragon Boat Festival in the administrative division of Yanbodu, whether it is the Yanbodu commune where I was in the past or the later Yanbodu township and town. The scope of these three Dragon Boat Festivals, centering on Yanbodu Ferry, is divided according to the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Lishui River, that is, Pingshan and below pass the fifth day of May, and Shi Mao and above pass the 25th day of May. In a narrow sense, the smoke wave between them passes May 15th. The author's understanding of this geographical boundary is not necessarily accurate, please correct me. )
Among the three Dragon Boat Festival with different time and space, the narrow sense of Yanbo crossing the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th is the most lively. During the Cultural Revolution, the dragon boat race was not completely interrupted, just like a carnival. As for eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th, thanks to grandma's diligence and wisdom, fresh zongzi can be eaten every year and even in winter (see my humble work "Grandma's Zongzi, My Zongzi"). To avoid misunderstanding, unless otherwise specified, the Yanbo Ferry referred to in this article refers to the Yanbo Ferry in a narrow sense, and May 15 is the Dragon Boat Festival. This narrow sense of Yanbodu is where I was born and went to school for 9 years. My memory of Dragon Boat Festival and Dragon Boat Race began here, which formed my basic living habits and was also my hometown in the sense of living habits.
Probably when I was in high school, I began to pay attention to the difference between the same name and different customs because there were students in the class on the Dragon Boat Festival (now called the village) on the fifth day of May. To tell the truth, I didn't pay attention to anything except the time difference, and I didn't care about this obvious difference.
The dragon boat race at Yanbo Ferry used to be held in the Lishui River section above and below Yanbo Ferry. With the change of riverbed and buildings, the dragon boat race was moved between the bridge and the old ferry.
Lishui is the smallest but clearest of the four major waters in Hunan. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs, Sweet Lady" has a chant of "knowing in Yuan, knowing in Li and knowing in Li", which naturally matches Li and Lan together. I like it. When Qu Zixing sang Lishui, he probably spent time in Yanbo. When I was a child, there was no bridge over the Lishui River, and cars were only opened when the Liu Zhi Railway was built in the 1970s. I witnessed the development of Yanbo Gudu (Rendu) from a human-powered boat with paddles to a motorized boat. At that time, the Lishui River was crystal clear and could be drunk directly. Whenever I read or think of Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun Changsha", I always see the fish swimming at the bottom of the river when I was a child.
Before the bridge is built on the Lishui River in Yanbodu and the observation deck is built by the river, the audience watching the dragon boat race can only stand on the stone street or the beach by the river. Riverside (including stone street and river beach along the river) is naturally formed, which is both a market and a viewing platform. When I was a child, my family went to Yanbodu Street not to the street, but to the river. It can be seen that Lishui and its banks are important to local people.
Nowadays, there is little shipping in Lishui. After the road and railway led the traffic and several floods, the stone commercial street along the river no longer existed. The expression "going to the river" will persist because of the existence of Lishui, but the meaning of shopping has probably disappeared with the transfer of the commercial center.
When I was very young, I watched the dragon boat race with adults on the stone street by the river. I said it was watching, but I just looked through the unstable encounter between adults. My visual memory is not very clear. On the contrary, during the Dragon Boat Festival, it seems that the loud sound of gongs and drums and the horn of Zhenshan reverberate in my ears, which is a profound auditory memory left by my hometown Dragon Boat Festival.
1998 In the early summer, when I was still in Dalian, I tried to make zongzi for the first time. Although from then on, as long as I spend the Dragon Boat Festival at home, I will take care of jiaozi myself. But at that time, I'm afraid the motive was mainly to find the taste and interest of childhood, and there were not many other considerations. Systematic attention to the Dragon Boat Festival is something after moving to Beijing. Nevertheless, it's probably the strong taste memory left by my grandmother's dumplings that awakened my memory of traditional actions such as the Dragon Boat Festival in my hometown.
In 2005, I was admitted to China Academy of Social Sciences to study PhD (and also moved to Beijing). Because of my dissertation, I paid special attention to etiquette and festivals closely related to etiquette. In the meantime, I learned about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, an ancient midsummer festival.
But when did the ancients celebrate the midsummer festival? Is it the summer solstice of the solar calendar? Or in the afternoon of the lunar calendar (including the summer solstice of the lunar calendar, corresponding to May of the summer calendar), looking at the sun (full moon day, nominally 15 days)? Is it a section? Or a day? Strictly speaking, the noon month refers to a solar month from Mang Festival to the solar calendar before Guangxia Festival. However, according to the norms of yin and yang in the summer calendar adjusted by the sages, the lunar May of the summer calendar must include the neutral summer solstice day of the summer calendar-noon of the solar calendar, so the lunar May can also be called noon month).
Some people claim that the Dragon Boat Festival comes from the summer solstice. However, on the solstice in summer, it is difficult to see popular folk activities. On the contrary, some places celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer on May 15 of the summer calendar. This is probably because it is not easy to be remembered by the public, so the custom of celebrating the midsummer festival on the midsummer solstice gradually shifts or focuses on the midsummer festival in the lunar calendar-watching the sun in the afternoon, and then the digital calendar day appears and is normalized to May 15. The Mid-Autumn Festival is not at the vernal equinox of the solar calendar, but on August 15 of the lunar calendar, probably for similar reasons. As for the appearance of the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, it is probably due to the appearance of the digital calendar and the worship of "Five", so the Dragon Boat Festival in many places has been transferred to the fifth day of May (based on the digital calendar, the afternoon is the fifth month of the lunar calendar, so the so-called five-day theory should also be based on the summer calendar. Zhou Lijian, the afternoon is the seventh month of the lunar calendar; The business calendar is ugly, and the afternoon month is the sixth month of the lunar calendar. This relationship of origin is possible. Therefore, the custom of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival in the midsummer of the lunar calendar is probably earlier than the custom of celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May. This is also my basic understanding of the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival in my hometown on May 15th.
As for the commemoration of Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu, it should be added later. As for the origin of Yanbo crossing the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th, I later learned from the Internet that there is a saying in my hometown, which comes from the saying of commemorating the local anti-French national hero Sun in the late Qing Dynasty. Although this is only an uncertain local legend, it also reflects the good tradition that people constantly add commemorative significance to the new sages during festivals. In this way, this festival has almost become a pantheon. Doing so may also directly lead to forgetting the real source of the festival, and its negative effects are obvious.
The places where the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the 15th day of the fifth lunar month are mainly concentrated in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing and eastern Guizhou. According to People's Daily 2065438+Hunan Daily on June 29th, 2008, "Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th? Hinami paddles in Yuanshui;
On June 27th, in the waters of Dajiangkou Town, Xupu County, Shui Yuan, the county held the "Dajiangkou Dragon Boat Festival", in which 48 colorful dragons and more than 2,800 warriors competed in the river.
……
Jin, director of Xupu County Cultural Tourism Bureau, said that there are two Dragon Boat Festival in Xupu, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, and the fifteenth day of the fifth lunar month is the Great Dragon Boat Festival. Its custom has been followed for more than 2,000 years. According to legend, Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of May, and the bad news reached Xupu on May 15th, so Xupu people commemorated Qu Yuan with two Dragon Boat Festival. During the Dragon Boat Festival, Xupu people will hold colorful commemorative activities such as rowing dragon boats and making zongzi.
Xupu explained why the Dragon Boat Festival was set on May 10 after Qu Yuan's death. His wish was good. It seems reasonable at first glance, but it can't stand scrutiny. What is the date of the Dragon Boat Festival near Miluo and many places beyond? Why does the Dragon Boat Festival only appear on the 5th, 15th and 25th of May? In fact, the Dragon Boat Festival in Miluo is not limited to the fifth day of May, but from the first day of May to the fifteenth day of May. It is also known as the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th and the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th. How do you explain this?
In fact, the popular theory of Zigui, Qu Zi's hometown, seems to have appeared only during the Six Dynasties, and it seems that it has not been confirmed. As far as I know, Qu Zi's hometown seems to include Hanshou, Linxiang, Nanyang, Henan and even Zhangjiajie.
But when I went to Zigui a few years ago, I made an amazing discovery: Zigui's accent is closer to Cili dialect than Shimen, Taoyuan, Dayong (now Yongding County, Zhangjiajie), Sangzhi and Hefeng around Cili.
Do Cili people and Zigui people have the same ancestor and live together somewhere?
Zigui people celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival three times a year in May of the lunar calendar, the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th and the Dragon Boat Festival on May 25th.
Yanbodu celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15 in the summer calendar, Pingshan (Ferry) near the downstream celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5 in the same administrative division, and Yanshi (Ferry) near the upstream celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival on May 25. The three intersections are not far apart, so it is no problem to take a day trip back and forth. It is also good to regard Sandu as a joint action of the three Dragon Boat Festival in May. Combined with the similarity of accents, Yanbodu may belong to the same clan as the neighboring Pingshan (Ferry) and Zigui Dragon Boat Festival.
For the Dragon Boat Festival, in addition to the source, more attention is paid to the dragon boat race. The earliest article written directly related to the Dragon Boat Festival is also "Farewell, Beiqing Boating Show" about dragon boat racing! Come on, Hundred Schools Dragon Boat Race! 》(20 10.6)。
Dragon Boat Festival, recognized by UNESCO on June 5438+ 10, 2009, is the only traditional festival in China and the most international festival in China. It can also be said that it is the traditional festival with the most soft power in China. It needs people's care, inheritance, development and dissemination.
If Christmas is really a winter festival that Christianity contributes to the world (in the northern hemisphere), then it can be said that the Dragon Boat Festival is a summer festival that China contributes to mankind (in the northern hemisphere). Courtesy in return, what is this?
The Yanbo Dragon Boat Festival on May 15 was not completely interrupted during the Cultural Revolution. It is said that with the passage of time, it has become the best traditional dragon boat race in Cili County and even Zhangjiajie City, and may be the only traditional dragon boat race that continues to be active in Zhangjiajie.
In recent years, the Yanbodu Dragon Boat Festival is held on May 15 every year, even if it rains. Before the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15 (2065438+June 19), I went back to my hometown to watch the dragon boat race in my hometown decades later, and also wrapped innovative dumplings for my family and friends in my hometown (see my composition "My Zongzi, Everyone's Zongzi"). It rained early in the morning of the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15 that year. I thought the scheduled dragon boat race was going to be cancelled and I couldn't see it. However, I didn't expect my old classmate Eun Hai to come to my house to pick me up in the rain. Facing my hesitation, Enhai said: Unless the knife is dropped, the dragon boat will go on as usual. This is the Harman temper of Yanbodu people (in my hometown, it is probably equivalent to the "bully" who is often used to describe the character of Hunan people). It is probably because of this "harmfulness" of villagers that this precious human cultural heritage can survive and develop.
When Enhai and I arrived near the stadium, although the game had not yet started, it was already crowded with umbrellas and it was difficult to get close. We managed to squeeze into a position at the northern end of lishuiqiao, where we could see the dragon boat in the river. On the west side below the bridge head is an observation deck still under construction. Eun-hae said: It will look good next time.
Childhood memories, watching it again after more than 40 years, seeing it with my own eyes, and the enthusiasm of the participants in the report all convinced me:
The Dragon Boat Festival on May 15 is the midsummer carnival in Yanbodu, my hometown!
What the Dragon Boat Festival can only say "well-being" but not "happiness" is sheer nonsense. (See my essay "Emphasizing that I can only wish" well-being "is a weakening of the soft power of the Dragon Boat Festival-on the strategic significance of insisting on" Happy Dragon Boat Festival ")
The dragon boat race in Yanbodu was originally just a lively game played by local people. It is different from similar activities in the upper and lower reaches of Lishui River nearby on the 5th, 15th and 25th, and there is no inconvenience. However, it never occurred to me that when many people forgot the tradition, the villagers "Harman" insisted on the rich village circle game, but it became a famous mass carnival in Sanxiang and even a wider range, and the festival became a cultural heritage of mankind and a summer festival that made contributions to mankind. Therefore, how to refer to the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th, which is at least different from the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May in most parts of the country, has become a problem.
In order to solve this problem, I don't know who put forward a "second Dragon Boat Festival", which has a great influence in the local area. The following are some web links titled "Dragon Boat Festival":
? 20 13 On June 25th, Yanbo crossed the second Dragon Boat Festival.
? On June 29th, 20 15, people crossed the Yanbo ferry just to celebrate the "Second Dragon Boat Festival"-Yanbo ferry race in Yanbo Town in 20 15 AD _ Yanbo ferry bar _ Baidu Post Bar.
? 2065438+June 20th, 2006 "Yanbodu Town, Cili County successfully held the second Dragon Boat Festival".
? 2065438+June 7, 2007 "The Dragon Boat Race in Yanbodu Town, Cili County is waiting for you! 》
? On June 24th, 20 18, Yanbodu Town held the "Second Dragon Boat Festival" Zongzi Fun Competition.
? On June 28th, 20 18, the wonderful performance of the Second Dragon Boat Festival in Yanbodu, Cili County.
? On June 30th, 20 18, Yanbodu Town: Lishui Boat Race, * * * "Hi" the 2nd Dragon Boat Festival.
There is only one Dragon Boat Festival for the local people in Yanbodu. How can there be "two"? As mentioned above, Yanbo did not use the word "the second Dragon Boat Festival" to refer to his tradition of Dragon Boat Festival in May 15. No matter who initiated the "Second Dragon Boat Festival", it is obvious that this is just a statement from the standpoint of onlookers.
The expression "Dragon Boat Festival" can be said privately among onlookers. It's a bit disrespectful to say that in public. Therefore, whether logically or emotionally, I can't agree with the relevant statement.
However, it is puzzling that some local people have accepted the theory of "the second Dragon Boat Festival". In fact, if Cili County and even Zhangjiajie City regard Yanbo's Dragon Boat Festival on May 15, including the dragon boat race, as valuable cultural resources of the county or the city, the county and even the city should not use this accusation that it is inevitably dwarfed.
Fortunately, judging from the layout of the podium in the dragon boat race venue, the words "the second Dragon Boat Festival" can't be seen on the back of the podium, which is correct. But on the back of the podium of the dragon boat race, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" can't be found. Maybe it's still a little confusing. Of course, it is more likely that Yan Bodu didn't use the word "Dragon Boat Festival" very much. In short, it is unique!
How to name the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15th in Yanbodu, which can be different from the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, without making people feel a little silly? When I wrote "Grandma's Zongzi, My Zongzi" a few years ago, I thought about it and looked it up. I learned that Zigui and other places use "Dragon Boat Festival" to refer to the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15. However, considering other factors at that time, I didn't have the courage to use it directly, so I came up with the name "Midsummer Dragon Boat Festival" in combination with the fact that May 15 of the summer calendar happened to be the midsummer of the nominal lunar calendar. After several years of trial and reflection, I still feel that the "Dragon Boat Festival" is simple and clear. Considering the origin of the midsummer festival of the Dragon Boat Festival, it is said that the history of the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15 may be longer and more authentic than that on May 5, and it is worthy of the word "big"!
So, on the morning of May 15 this year, I sent a congratulatory message on WeChat:
Dragon Boat Festival in Cili Rock Park,
But the fifth day has passed fifteen.
Every year in the midsummer of the summer calendar,
The dragon boat race urges gongs and drums.
Happy Dragon Boat Festival to friends and relatives!
Publicly expressed the firm position of supporting the use of "Dragon Boat Festival" to refer to Yanbo Dragon Boat Festival on May 15. As for the Dragon Boat Festival on May 25th in the summer calendar, or it can be simply called "Going to the Dragon Boat Festival"? )
Later, I got an exciting news-Hunan News Network reported the dragon boat races in many places in the province, including Yanbodu, by Hunan Satellite TV on May 15 of the summer calendar (2065438+June 28, 2008), with the dragon boat race on May 15 of the lunar calendar as the theme, and clearly used the word "Dragon Boat Festival".
Save Taiwan Province!
At this point, the "Second Dragon Boat Festival" of Yanbo, which is of unknown origin, said that it can be rested!
Today, Hunan TV gave us the Dragon Boat Festival on May 15, which is called "Great Dragon Boat Festival"! From now on, we can fully publicize our Dragon Boat Festival.
Dragon Boat Festival in Cili Rock Park,
But the fifth day has passed fifteen.
The provincial TV station will not only correct its name,
Midsummer dragon boat sends blessings.
I wish you all a happy summer vacation!
(The pictures in the article are all from the Internet except the photographer Chen Yangzi. )
May 16 (the day after Dragon Boat Festival)/Gregorian calendar 2065438+June 29th, 2008.
Second draft1May 89819th/Gregorian calendar 2065438+July 2, 2008
Three drafts of the Dragon Boat Festival (or the end of the Dragon Boat Festival)/Gregorian calendar 2065438+July 8, 2008 and the summary were revised.
Look at the summer calendar/Gregorian calendar 2065438+June 2009 17 image version May 15 midsummer Dragon Boat Festival (Dragon Boat Festival).
May 2020 14/July 4, 2020/the day before the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival (Grand Dragon Boat Festival).
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