I want to run a biological tabloid about butterflies. I need information about butterflies. Thank you.

(Latin: Rhopalocera；; English: Butterfly)

Lepidoptera hammerhorn suborder, commonly known as butterfly. Also known as "Hu Die". In the past, butterflies were considered as a general term, but now zoology thinks that butterflies are a kind of.

Morphological characteristics of butterflies

The end of the antenna is thick and its wings are wide. When resting, your wings stand on your back. Butterfly antenna is rod-shaped, and each node at the end of the antenna is thick and hammer-shaped. The body and wings are flattened by scaly hairs. The abdomen is slender. Butterflies are active during the day. In LEPIDOPTERA 158 family, butterflies have 18 family. Butterfly adults feed on pollen and nectar; Some larvae are phytophagous and harmful to trees and crops. Some larvae eat aphids, which are beneficial insects. Butterflies have colorful wings, and people often regard them as ornamental insects.

The distribution of butterflies

There are 17000 recorded butterfly species in the world, and China accounts for about 1300. South America has the largest number of butterflies in the Amazon River basin, followed by Southeast Asia. The most beautiful and ornamental butterflies in the world are mostly found in South America, Brazil, Peru and other countries. Most internationally protected species are distributed in Southeast Asia, such as India.

Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and other countries. Different humidity and humidity environments and different plant communities have been formed in the same area and at different altitudes, and many different butterfly populations have been formed accordingly. Yunnan Province in China is a good example. In Asia, Taiwan Province Province is also famous for its wide variety of butterflies. Butterflies are usually brightly colored, with various spots on their wings and bodies, and a pair of rod-shaped or hammer-shaped antennae on their heads (this is the main difference from moths, which have diverse antennae). The largest butterfly can spread its wings up to 24 cm, and the smallest is only 1.6 cm. Big butterflies attract people's attention, and some people collect all kinds of butterfly specimens. In the United States, "butterfly watching" migration, like "bird watching", has become a new activity, attracting many people to participate. However, many kinds of butterflies are the main pests of agriculture and fruit trees.

Species of butterflies

According to the characteristics and evolutionary degree of butterflies, butterflies in the world can be divided into 4 families, 17 families, as follows:

★ Butterfly Superidea [Hesperidin]

Butterfly department

☆ Monogamous cuisine.

☆ Sparidae.

★ Papilionidae

Papilionidae

☆ sericidae

☆ Pteridae.

★ Nymphalioidea [Nymphalioidea]

Papilionidae, Papilionidae

Stinkbug Branch.

★ Papilionidae [Papilionidae]

☆ Stonefishes

☆ Butterfly of Papilionidae

☆ Sphagidae

☆ Red-crowned crane of Papilionidae

☆ Morphinae, Papilionidae

☆ nymphalidae

☆ Lepidoptera moth family

☆ Acroptera of Papilionidae

☆ Seriphidae, Papilionidae

In the above classification, there are no five families of medium and large butterflies, butterflies, butterflies, sleeve butterflies and butterflies distributed in China. Papilionidae and Papilionidae are the butterflies with the most aesthetic and economic value, followed by Papilionidae, Papilionidae, Seriphidae, Papilionidae and Papilionidae.

According to the ecological environment, butterflies can also be divided into the following categories: forest butterflies, swamp butterflies, forest grassland butterflies and agricultural plant butterflies.

Butterflies in China

There are many kinds of butterflies in China, especially in subtropical areas. Common themes are:

Papilionidae: large colorful butterflies with tail bands on the hind wings, which are more graceful. Mostly produced in tropical and subtropical areas, eating rutaceae and Rosaceae. Sometimes it is harmful, such as Huang Die and Jade Butterfly.

Papilionidae: medium-sized, generally white, yellow, orange and other colors. White butterflies and Pi Na butterflies are harmful to cruciferous vegetables, while tree butterflies are harmful to fruit trees.

Nymphalidae: More than 5,000 species are known, which is the largest family of butterflies. The forelimbs are degenerated, without claws, and the wings are folded on the back. Easy to identify. Rice butterfly larvae harm rice and bamboo, and the front wings have two eyeliner, such as sun and moon, so it is also called sun and moon butterfly.

Papilionidae: small butterflies. The wings are blue, green and bronze with metallic luster. Most larvae are phytophagous, and a few can prey on mites or aphids.

Seriphidae: The wings of undergraduate insects are thin, translucent, tailless, generally white or patterned, extremely beautiful, inhabiting mountainous areas, mostly in cold areas.

Amathusiidae: a large or medium-sized species, with a minimum wingspan of over 50 mm and a maximum wingspan of 200 mm, with short and thin antennae and no obvious terminal expansion. The beard is flat and hairy. Degeneration of forefoot. Most of the colors are yellow, gray, brown and dark brown, and a few are deep purple. There are big spots on the wings.

Nymphalidae: A large and gorgeous butterfly species, with wide wings that spread 75-200mm. The antenna is thin and short, the abdomen is short, the wings are blue, metallic, yellow-brown or gray-white, with stripes and rows of eye spots, and the eyes are bare and hairless. The hind wings are open in the middle room, and the male species has long hair on its front feet. Jeff is quick to fly during the day. About 80 species of this family are recorded in the world, mainly distributed in South America, and a few are distributed in Mexico and southern North America. Because of its large shape and flashing color, the undergraduate course is deeply loved by collectors and is regarded as a boutique.

Papilio: A medium or large species with a black body, white spots on the head and abdomen, bright wings and gregarious habits.

Life habits of butterflies

The life of a butterfly goes through four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Larvae and adult are the only two active periods in their life, and their living habits are completely different and varied. Understanding their living habits is very helpful for collection and classification. The living habits of butterfly larvae and adults are described as follows.

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After the butterfly larvae hatch by biting the eggshell, some species take a break and eat the host plants directly; Some species (such as the red-eyed bamboo butterfly) feed on eggshells first, and then on plants; Some species also need to feed on the shed old epidermis every time, such as Pieris rapae and Pieris rapae.

The feeding objects of butterfly larvae are different according to different insect species, and most larvae like to eat leaves; Some species, such as pink butterfly, orange-spotted pink butterfly and other flower buds; There are also some species that feed on young pods or young fruits, such as the pod gray butterfly that feeds on young pods and the gardenia gray butterfly that feeds on young gardenia fruits. In addition, in Papilionidae, several kinds of larvae are carnivorous. For example, Papilionidae is addicted to coffee scales, and Papilionidae specializes in feeding on bamboo aphids. This carnivorous species is a rare beneficial insect among butterflies.

Larvae that feed on plant leaves, such as the first instar, often eat mesophyll on the back of leaves and leave the upper epidermis to form transparent spots similar to glass windows. Later, larvae feed on leaves, or nibble inward from the edge of leaves; As the bug grows up, it eats more and more. When the insect population density on a plant is high, the whole plant will be eaten up.

Activities and habitats

The activities and habitat habits of butterfly larvae are also different due to different insect species. Judging from the activity time, the general species usually come out for activities at sunset in the morning and evening. However, some species (such as Pieris rapae, etc. ) During the day, some species (such as many butterfly larvae) move at night.

According to the activity law, the feeding and perching activities of the first instar larvae of many social species are consistent (more obvious in the first and second instars); Gathering together for food or habitat, the Chinese tiger butterfly is an example. Some butterflies, such as the larvae of nettle butterflies, often spin silk among nettles in dozens of groups, hiding in them like spiders to resist foreign enemies, and at the same time foraging and inhabiting, which is quite regular. The habitat of butterfly larvae is generally hidden, so it is not easy to find individual larvae in the wild.

Some butterfly larvae often live in seclusion by decorating the leaves of their nests. There are different ways to decorate leaves from one to several, each with its own style or skill. Banana butterfly larvae can stick the edge folds of banana leaves to the nest for seclusion, while rice butterflies often connect several leaves together to build nests inside. Larvae with nesting habits or web-building habits feed near their habitats and never go far. When disturbed, they immediately retreat to their nests to hide, which is completely different from the habitat habits of ordinary butterflies.

Water is an important part of organism's metabolism. Therefore, we can often see butterflies stopping on the wet ground to absorb water, especially the slightly salty water, which can attract them to drink. At noon on a hot summer day, when the scorching sun is in the sky, all kinds of butterflies gather there to absorb water on sunken mountain roads and streams.

function

The function of scales of insects such as butterflies.

Butterflies are typical daytime insects. Some species fly in bright light, while others prefer to fly in the shadows. The flying height varies from species to species, some fly only on the grass, and some fly very high.

The scales on the butterfly wings are arranged in an overlapping way, just like the tiles on the roof, shaped like a racket, and a small handle is embedded in the groove on the bottom wing. It has waterproof function.

Some colors and patterns of wings are caused by pigments contained in scales, while others are blue or bronze metallic luster, which is due to the striped marks on the surface of scales that disperse the input light. Different colors and patterns can achieve the effect of intimidation, vigilance or concealment. The metallic luster of the pearlescent Huang Shang Papilio tail from Lan Yu is world-famous, which is the structural color caused by the special surface structure.

It is easy to damage this delicate joint when operating butterfly stroke, so the scales fall off. To the naked eye, scales look like colored dust particles, called scale powder. Because the scale powder is easy to fall off, it is easy to break free when it meets cobwebs. Some scales are connected with poisonous glands, and when the scales come into contact and make them fall off, the venom will naturally stick to people who come into contact with them.

Male butterflies also have fragrant scales scattered among scales, and there is a small gland at the base of the fragrant scales, which produces volatile pheromones and stimulates female butterflies when courting. This volatile pheromone comes from the stalk of the basal gland scale and is dispersed by the hair at the end of the scale.

Breeding of butterflies

1. Breeding of butterflies.

The larvae, adults, eggs and pupae of high-quality butterflies collected from the wild can be moved indoors for reproduction. Butterfly breeding rooms are generally made of wood or bamboo, and cage rooms are covered with 16- 18 mesh copper wires, iron wires or nylon wires to prevent escape. If insect cages are used, the cage height is1.8-2m. Because butterflies have to go through larvae ... when adults are collected from the wild to reproduce, they have to mate with each other to lay eggs. Butterflies are used to mating in flight, so they need to prepare a large space. After mating, females like to lay eggs on leaves, fruit surfaces, smooth branches or rough gaps. When breeding indoors, they should prepare spawning grounds according to the different habits of butterflies everywhere, such as shredded paper, straw, dry branches, gauze and so on. In the egg stage, we should pay attention to moisturizing, too dry will reduce the hatching rate of eggs. The effect is good. After eggs hatch into larvae, most of them feed on leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. They can be collected in the wild. In order to keep the freshness of feed, the stems of plants can be inserted into water containers or wrapped with wet cotton balls. The feeding density is 0.5-2 per 10 cm2. For insect species with nail residue, the population density should be less or raised separately. Larvae developed to 5000. Folding paper strips, shriveled paper balls, straw and small adaptive cavities carved on wooden boards can satisfy the pupation of larvae. They should be placed in dark and humid soil. Butterflies are pupated adults and need food. Including natural food and artificial feed, water, honey juice, syrup and milk are commonly used liquid foods. The concentration of sugar water or honey juice for butterflies is 1%- 10%. Liquid food can be directly put into containers such as feeding cups and butterflies, or absorbent cotton with weak absorption can be dipped into feeding liquid and put into bottles. Butterflies can be fed with protruding absorbent cotton and so on. Artificial feed suitable for different butterfly tastes can also be made by yourself. For example, Papilio uses vinegar sugar, glucose, dry yeast, high protein, filter paper powder, orange leaves and so on. Preservatives were added.

2. Wild collection of butterflies:

Collecting butterflies in the wild requires insect nets, poison bottles, tweezers and triangular paper bags. Insect-catching nets can be made by themselves. The shape is a net ring with a diameter of 33 cm bent with iron wire, with appropriate sections left at both ends, bent at right angles and fixed on the net handle. The wind handle is a wooden stick with a length of 60- 100 cm and a thickness of 1.5 cm, and the net bag can be made of white fine-mesh gauze. Cover your mouth with a white cloth and put it on the net. The poison bottle is made of toxic gas containing 5- 10g potassium hydride or dichlorvos as toxic distillate. Cover with sawdust and pour with gypsum. Use hot gypsum powder and clear water to make gypsum, which should not be too thick or too thin when pasted. Peach leaves can also be collected by indigenous methods. After stirring, put 0.5kg into each bottle, and the compaction is about 60% of the bottle height. Spray water evenly to form lumps, and then cover gypsum powder with cut kraft paper. It is best to drop 1-2 drops of dichlorvos on peach leaves.

If rare butterflies are found in the wild, quickly open the net mouth to trap butterflies, then swing the lower part of the net bag with the net mouth facing down and throw it into the net circle with the butterflies. For example, a big butterfly can pinch its chest from outside the net and gently put it into a prepared triangular bag, indicating the collection place and date. For example, if it is a non-toxic bottle, you can directly pinch the breast of a butterfly with your fingers, and then gently clip it into a triangular bag with tweezers. Don't touch your wings to keep it.

Ornamental value

Butterflies are called butterflies.

1, the word butterfly comes from the old English butler and consists of butter and fleoge.

There is a long-standing saying that butterflies like to steal cream and milk, so people say that they are elves with colorful wings and like to steal cream, so they are called butterflies. The above legend is also reflected in milchdieb, one of the German names of butterflies, which is equivalent to milk-thief in English.

Another explanation is that "butter" refers to the color of butterflies. The fly originally refers to a flying insect, and the word butterfly may first refer to a sulfur yellow (the wings are closer to cream color when closed) pink butterfly in southern Europe after winter. The male butterfly's front wings are orange, which brings warm light when flying. It is called butter-colored fly. The word butterfly gradually evolved to refer to all kinds of butterflies.

Literary value

What's the use of powder on butterfly wings?

Butterflies belong to LEPIDOPTERA.

Lepidoptera is the second largest order in Insecta, including all kinds of butterflies and moths. Lepidoptera insects are completely metamorphosed organisms (eggs, larvae, pupae, adults). Adults have two pairs of wings, which are covered with scales and the mouthparts are straw-shaped.

Lepidoptera has more than 40 superfamilies, 120 families (different according to different classification methods) and180,000 species, which is the second largest order after COLEOPTERA. Most of them belong to moths, and butterflies only account for about one tenth.

There is no larval stage after pupa emergence.

Butterfly scales can regulate body temperature. Rich scales are more likely to form beautiful courtship, warning or mimicry colors, and predators are not easy to catch (a bite of scales on a spider's web is easier to escape than bees)

French film Butterfly

Starring: Michelle Sehou and Claire Bounnich.

Director Philip Miller.

Release time: 2002

Country of production: France

Film category: comedy/life

Language: French

Introduction:

She has no father, only her mother, and she is not afraid of strangers.

She is more curious than an elephant. Her name is Elsa and she is 8 years old.

After school at noon, mother forgot to take her home.

Elsa didn't cry or make trouble. She was sitting in a coffee shop and was found by her neighbor's grandfather.

My eccentric grandfather, Hu Die, collected all kinds of beautiful flowers and went up the mountain to look for Isabella, who he said was the rarest butterfly in Europe.

The little girl can't find her mother and is afraid of being sent to an orphanage!

Elsa also wants to see butterflies fly. Can she go with grandpa?

A serious old man, a lively child, two people asking and answering questions, full of fun, concise and profound dialogue, with the deepening of music, young and old witty interaction, harmony. At the end of the song, people feel that the old man and the young man have become interesting partners and embarked on a journey to nature in mutual enlightenment and care. The theme song of the movie is a funny conversation between the old man and the young man on the road of adventure. The neighbor's grandfather is calm and solemn, unsmiling, and Elsa is lively and lovely. There are always endless topics to ask.

Butterfly looks like a children's film, but the script is clever and simple, and there is a philosophy of life behind every question. These "spiritual topics" from France can make big friends laugh, think and learn.

The little girl in the film is enthusiastic and lively, and the grandfather is calm and serious. Their personalities are very different. But in a way, they are like two children, bickering with each other, mocking each other and refuting each other. Just like a caterpillar will gradually become a butterfly, this interesting partner, old and young, once embarked on a journey of nature and experienced different stages of mutual enlightenment, and the relationship began to change subtly. This talented child star's pure and natural performance in the play makes the director like her, the photographer likes her, and as an audience, you will definitely like her!

It's time to turn into a beautiful butterfly. The movie Butterfly will help you break out of your cocoon and give birth to a new life!

About Isabella Butterfly:

1839, an entomologist in Spain discovered a rare butterfly and decided to name it after Queen Isabella of Spain. She is called the most beautiful and rare butterfly in Europe, with a life span of only three days and three nights. Her blue-green wings are extremely bright and spread out to the size of a palm. She flies from dusk to midnight, emerges in May and June every year, and her range of activities is limited to 54,000 meters above sea level. Legend has it that as long as you make a wish to Isabella, she will take her wish to heaven and make her dream come true! In the movie Butterfly, there is a rare scene in which Isabella emerges from the cocoon for 4 minutes.