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Appreciation of Guofeng·Zhou Nan·Xianmu's works

Appreciation from the aspect of "congratulations on the wedding"

The word "Xing" in "The Book of Songs" often has the meaning of "bi", as is the case in "樛木". "Xing" means "chanting other things first to trigger the words to be chanted" (Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems"). From this explanation, it can be seen that the two sentences "Happiness is only for a gentleman, and he is blessed with happiness" are the essence of the chant in the first chapter; the two sentences "There are locust trees in the south, and the kudzu is tired" are the inspiration for the words chanted "Xing" style. Only two words are changed in each of the next two chapters. The general meaning is similar to the first chapter, and the "stacked chapter" format commonly used in "national style" is used. It is advanced step by step with repeated chanting, creating deep emotions in the loop. Therefore, judging from the "words chanted" caused by "Xing", there is no doubt that this is a song to wish "blessing" to "gentlemen".

The word "Xing" in these three chapters also has the meaning of "Bi". "To compare, to compare this thing with that thing." The "other things" in the poem are "Locust Tree" and "Kudzu", and the "this thing" is "Junzi" and "Fu" - the one with Locust Tree is surrounded by Kudzu and is often more blessed than the gentleman. It's casual and very vivid. Therefore, judging from the meaning of "bi" in each chapter, this is also a moving blessing song.

So through the method of comparing the poems in the Book of Songs, we can restore a wedding banquet more than 3,000 years ago: the guests gathered at dusk in autumn, and the rumble of cars came from far and near. Impatient children had already rushed from the entrance of the village, shouting: "The car to pick up the bride has arrived!" The joyful cheers overwhelmed the noise of joy. When the happy "gentleman" helped the bride out of the car, what greeted them was the enthusiastic singing of young men and women over and over again: "There are locust trees in the south, and the kudzu is tired. Only gentlemen are happy, and they are blessed... "

Therefore, it is very appropriate to use "there are locust trees in the south, and the kudzu is tired (the wilderness, the lingering)" to compare and describe the joy and happiness of the bride and groom as well as the scene at that time. It embodies the restrained and peaceful elegance of expressing emotions in the Book of Songs. Several refrains will express the excitement and intensity of the blessings in the hearts of all the guests, and "樛木" expresses our nation's simple and ancient wedding blessing customs with such excitement and intensity.

Happiness is only for a gentleman, and happiness leads to success. What exactly is the "blessing" here praising? The analogies in the poem give us the direction of judgment. "National style" is often compared with flowers, vines, female birds, and beasts to describe women, while tall trees, the sun, the moon, and male foxes are often used to describe men. Among them, it is more common for trees to represent men and flowers and plants to represent women. For example, "Bei Feng·Jianxi" says, "There are hazelnuts in the mountains, and there are lotus flowers in the sunset. Who is thinking about it? Western beauty"; and like "Zheng Feng·Fusu in the mountains," "There are Fusu in the mountains, and lotus flowers in the sunset." If you don't see Zidu, you will see madness." It's all like this. As for "Tang Feng·Gesheng", it narrates the wife's mournful love for her late husband. There is also the phrase "Kudzu grows in Mengchu (Jingus tree), and spreads in the wild. If you die here, who can be alone?", using the interdependence of Kudzu and Jingmu. , expresses the sadness of the heroine losing her husband. By grasping this characteristic, the further metaphorical meaning of "樛木" can be easily understood: if the "樛木" in this poem refers to a young man, then the green "樛木" wrapped around the 樛木 "蟟" is a metaphor for his beautiful bride. Therefore, the "Preface to Mao's Poems" said in the past that this is a work that praises the "concubine" who "could be captured without jealousy", which is a misunderstanding of the original meaning of the poem; while Fang Yurun's "The Original Book of Songs" and Wang Xianqian's "The Three Families of Poetry" "Ji Shu" speculates that this poem "is like a couple being close" and "a metaphor for a woman's family", and only then can we truly guess the purpose of this blessing poem.

Appreciation in other aspects

Some scholars believe that this poem talks about what a gentleman does after he has no jealousy, that is, when he sees the advantages in others, Be sincerely happy for others, and selflessly help and supplement others when you see them having difficulties or shortcomings. This is the beauty of a gentleman. The poem depicts three scenes:

"There are locust trees in the south, and kudzu and kudzu are tired of them. Only a gentleman is happy, and he is blessed with success." You are a crooked tree in Nanshan, and I, the kudzu, are attached to it. . A happy gentleman will surely enjoy great blessings. (Kudzu is the protective umbrella of Komu)

Zhu Xi said: "Those who are inspired should first mention other things to evoke the words to be chanted. This poem still starts with Komu and "Kudzu", and then continues Talking about the character that a gentleman should have. We see that the drooping branches (wood trees) allow the kudzu to climb up and spread happily. By using it to educate people, a gentleman is also happy to help others. It's because he has no jealousy.

"There are locust trees in the south, and there are wild kudzu trees. A gentleman is only happy, and he will be blessed with good fortune. "There is a crooked tree in Nanshan, which is completely protected by kudzu. Happy gentleman, happiness and fortune cannot be separated from the support of kudzu. (To achieve fortune and fortune, kudzu is the support)

樛木 refers to the drooping branches , does not specifically refer to a drooping branch on any tree. Maybe the tree itself does not have many leaves or flowers, but there are several kudzu roots climbing up the tree, growing lushly and blooming beautifully. The whole branch is covered with flowers.

“There are locust trees in the south, and kudzu is lingering in them. Only a gentleman who enjoys happiness will achieve it through good fortune. "There is a crooked tree in Nanshan, with kudzu vines lingering for shelter. A happy gentleman will surely achieve great fortune.

"樛木", a narrative poem that extols the gentleman's happiness and prosperity, contains the human connection The philosophy of relationship, and this philosophy of interpersonal relationships, is accomplished by borrowing the characteristics of "Ge Shu". This is the Bixing in the poem. From the poem "樛木", we can see the role of protecting and being protected. .

Even though you are a crooked tree and cannot become a great person, as long as you have a network of people like kudzu that supports you and connects you, you can still gain blessings. Because kudzu has an intricate network of relationships, it can turn bad luck into good luck and bring good luck in times of trouble. That’s what relationships are for. Therefore, "Kudzu lingering" is the way to gain access to life. If you don't follow this way, you will be in trouble and be isolated and helpless. The power of the group is reflected here and cannot be ignored.

Conclusion: The poem "樛木" talks about what a gentleman does after he has no jealousy, that is, when he sees the merits of others, he is sincerely happy for others, and when he sees others When there are difficulties or deficiencies, selfless help and supplementation are provided. Confucius said: "The beauty of a gentleman is the adult." "Han Shu·Xu Zhuan 1": "The Ge trees are lingering in the Locust tree, chanting "Southern Wind" as a sui." Yan Shigu noted: "The Locust tree is a drooping tree."

[Tang Dynasty] Huang Tao's "Ode to Farewell to the King in Nanpu": "The trees in the forest parallel to each other destroy the sincerity and dare to look at the acacia; the fish leap over the island to win the trust and have a caesarean section at the right time."

[Song Dynasty] Wang Anshi's "Master Shi'an" Poem: "Looking down at everything from the hall, the tall and graceful locust trees are hanging down.

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[Ming Dynasty] Kong Zhenyun's Epitaph of Duke Huan Yuan (Yuan Keli) in the Ming Dynasty's Ministry of War Minister's Day: "Inside the boudoir, I sing about the osmanthus trees and chant the katydids, and the harmony is steaming!" ”