An important basis for conventional explosion and nuclear explosion

An important basis for conventional explosion and nuclear explosion

Many people think that whether there is a mushroom cloud rising is an important basis to distinguish between conventional explosion and nuclear explosion, and it can also distinguish between fission weapon explosion and thermonuclear weapon explosion. For example, the mushroom cloud of thermonuclear explosion is very large, and its appearance is white or reddish, while the fission explosion is relatively small in scale and dark in appearance because of its relatively small equivalent. This method of distinguishing different types of nuclear explosion mushroom clouds is generally similar, but it is not comprehensive to think that only nuclear explosion can produce mushroom clouds. In fact, a conventional explosion with a relatively large equivalent can also produce obvious mushroom clouds. The equivalent of this conventional explosion is generally required to be more than tens of tons of TNT. It's just that the scale of nuclear explosion is generally huge, the appearance of mushroom cloud is more prominent, and the formation and development process of cloud is more classic. However, it seems that few people have considered a problem: this is the reason why large-equivalent conventional explosions produce mushroom clouds. Sometimes the mushroom cloud produced within ten seconds to several minutes after a nuclear explosion looks like some mushrooms in nature.

This is not only the "umbrella surface" like natural mushrooms, but also the "umbrella handle" is very classic. The most incredible thing is that there is a drooping "umbrella handle skirt ring" between the upper part of the umbrella handle and the umbrella cover of natural mushrooms and mushroom clouds formed after nuclear explosion. Similarity is directly dumbfounded! The appearance of a natural creature is so similar to the appearance of an effector formed by a nuclear explosion that I'm afraid it can be explained by more than pure coincidence. There should be a certain internal relationship between the two, so it is possible to form such a similar appearance. In fact, nuclear explosion mushroom cloud is technically called nuclear explosion mushroom cloud. The word mushroom is easily mispronounced by many people. This pronunciation is the same as Xun of Lu Xun. Often pronounced "pool". The original intention of mushroom is to present a small umbrella-shaped mushroom. In fact, not all mushrooms will eventually grow into umbrellas. For example, the most sold Pleurotus ostreatus in the vegetable market is not umbrella-shaped but fan-shaped, but most mushrooms are still close to umbrella-shaped, so they are called umbrella-shaped mushrooms.

To put it more professionally or elegantly, the umbrella fungus is called mushroom, which is essentially a wild fungus. So nuclear explosion mushroom cloud is also called mushroom cloud. So why do a large number of explosions, such as nuclear explosions, easily produce this strange subsequent diffusion structure? This needs to be said from the comprehensive effect of nuclear explosion. Nuclear explosion and large equivalent conventional explosion. At first, the mushroom cloud did not form immediately, but exploded into a fireball first. The fireball of conventional explosion is so short that it can't even be captured by human eyes most of the time. But the fireball energy density of nuclear explosion is particularly high, so after nuclear explosion, you can see a strong flash first, and then you will see a bright fireball that exists instantly. Of course, it is best not to observe this fireball directly with the naked eye, because the strong flash in the early stage of the nuclear explosion is enough to make people blind immediately. In fact, the observation and recording of nuclear explosion fireballs are all realized by high-speed photographic equipment. Even if shooting with instruments, it is necessary to take filtering measures to reduce the light intensity in front of the lens so as to avoid immediate exposure of the imaging film. The fireball of a nuclear explosion will expand immediately after it appears.

This expansion speed is extremely fast, and the internal temperature and pressure are extremely high. Generally, the temperature in the nuclear explosion center is at least tens of millions of degrees Celsius, and can even reach hundreds of millions of degrees. The instantaneous pressure in the center will be as high as tens of millions of MPa. Under such high temperature and pressure, an instantaneous vacuum zone with a diameter of 1 km or even several kilometers will be quickly blown up in the atmosphere, which is invisible to human eyes. Due to the large space and high temperature in this vacuum area, debris such as ground dust near the nuclear explosion will be immediately absorbed to the bottom of the atmosphere, and under the atmospheric pressure of nature, this vacuum area will begin to rise rapidly in less than one ten thousandth of a second. During this period, while rising, it continues to absorb air and dust from the lower and surrounding areas into its interior. With more and more hot air and all kinds of hot dust absorbed by the vacuum zone after nuclear explosion, its rising speed will also accelerate. In just a few seconds, this vacuum area will gradually become a low-pressure area full of hot gas and dust. Its ascending vertical path will become the "mushroom stem" of the mushroom cloud.

When the rising central low-pressure area rolls over 10000 meters, its interior is basically filled with hot air and dust absorbed from the bottom, so the overall rising speed will be reduced. The temperature and pressure at the edge of the rising cloud began to decrease. When the pressure and temperature are almost the same as the surrounding air, the edge of the cloud will spread outward and start to droop and roll, so it becomes a very huge mushroom umbrella cloud. The final height of mushroom cloud in nuclear explosion is directly proportional to the total energy released by nuclear explosion, that is, the greater the equivalent of nuclear explosion, the higher the maximum height of mushroom cloud. If there are only tens of thousands of equivalent fission explosions, then the maximum height of the mushroom cloud is about 1.5 million meters. The strongest nuclear explosion, such as the bomb czar, has a TNT equivalent of more than 50 million tons and a peak of more than 45,000 meters. The edge of the mushroom cloud is dozens of kilometers, which is much larger than the mushroom cloud after a small equivalent nuclear explosion. As for the "skirt ring" phenomenon between the nuclear explosion umbrella cover and the nuclear explosion cloud stem,

In fact, it is a large number of ground dust and other crushed substances absorbed by the early vacuum zone. The center of the nuclear explosion cloud rises to a certain height, and when it meets the cold air at high altitude, the internal temperature begins to drop, so it gradually settles under the action of gravity, while most of the edges and middle parts of the settlement are still absorbing the updraft and ground dust, so the skirt ring appears. So why do some natural mushrooms show similar shapes? This is that all natural mushrooms are formed by the development of fungi. Fungi initially concentrate on cell division in decaying plants, and finally emerge from the ground to form mushrooms. In fact, fungi first absorb substances and energy from decaying plants, and then concentrate on outbreaks after reaching a certain level. In the end, the number of hyphae growing explosively is amazing, which is hundreds of millions of times before it grows. Although the explosion was not an explosion, the effect was very similar to the huge expansion of a nuclear explosion. Therefore, the explosive growth and reproduction of fungal hyphae can only be quickly extended from the ground. The process is very similar to the rapid rise of vacuum zone after nuclear explosion.

However, after the fungus grows out of the ground to a certain extent, the expansion of mycelium cells and its own weight gradually form a balanced state, and the final shape is basically a small umbrella. However, some hyphae droop under the action of gravity in the process of upward growth, so there are also one or several laps of umbrella handle skirts. It can be seen that both the explosive growth of mushrooms and the explosion process of mushroom clouds are the best equilibrium state formed by natural selection after the sudden expansion and diffusion of substances under the action of earth gravity and atmospheric pressure, so it is understandable that they have great similarities in appearance. Finally, it is emphasized that the photo of bright umbrella mushroom selected in this paper is actually poisonous, and its scientific name is red umbrella mushroom. Not eating unknown wild mushrooms is the best way to avoid poisoning.