Qingmuguan was once the first pass in Chongqing?

Qingmuguan, the first pass in Chongqing

In old Sichuan, from the topography point of view, it was controlled by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the west, the danger of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River to the east, the Qinling Bashan barrier to the north, and the Bashan barrier to the south. It defends the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and its strategic position is very important. In the Qing Dynasty, there were seven permanent checkpoints in Sichuan: Ya'an, Xuyong, Dajianlu, Kuizhou, Chengdu, Ningyuan and Guangyuan. Among the seven passes, two of them are the most dangerous. This is "Jianmen is dangerous in the world, but Kuimen is the most dangerous in the world".

In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongolian cavalry invaded Bashu. At that time, more than 70 "Anti-Yuan Mountain Cities" were built across Sichuan. Only in the eastern Sichuan region centered on Chongqing, the famous anti-Yuan Dynasty cities include Hechuan Diaoyu City, Yisheng City, Chongqing City, Jiangbei Duogong City, Fuling Santai City, Zhongxian Huanghua City, Liang Pingchi Niucheng, Wanxian Tiansheng City, Yunyang Panshi City, Tiecheng, Fengjie Baidi City, Wushan Dachang Tianci City, Wuxi Dashou City, etc.

Chongqing has been an important town in the southwest since ancient times. Chongqing City is centered on the Yuzhong Peninsula. The Chaotian Gate in the east was built in the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. It is an important waterway in Chongqing City and is known as one of the "Ancient Chongqing Xiongguan". say. To the west is Tongyuanmen, Futuguan is the land gateway of Chongqing and can be called the barrier of the mountain city. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, after leaving Futuguan, one had to cross a pass, which was called Qingmuguan. Therefore, there is a saying among the people: "Chongqing City is not found until you leave Futuguan, and Chongqing is not found until you leave Qingmuguan."

Qingmuguan is located at the Baofeng Pass 50 kilometers west of Chongqing. It is a mountain pass at the junction of Ba County and Bishan County. It connects the Jinyun Mountains above to Jialing; it connects to Hufeng Mountain below and leads to the Yangtze River. The terrain of Qingmuguan is like a saddle. The mountains on the north and south sides are above 500 meters above sea level. The two peaks face each other and form a natural chasm. It has the potential of "one man can hold the pass, but ten thousand people cannot open it". In the late Ming Dynasty, officials built high walls and set up checkpoints here, hence the name.

Qingmuguan, a natural pass where two peaks face each other, has a steep hillside to the west and a valley to the east, where troops can be garrisoned and secured. This was the last pass out of Chongqing in the old days and the only way to pass through the Chengdu-Chongqing Ancient Road. Its dangerous location has always been a military fortress and a battleground for military strategists. Qingmuguan has earned the reputation of being the first pass in Chongqing.

For hundreds of years during the Ming and Qing dynasties, Qingmuguan has always been the first pass in Chongqing. It was heavily guarded and heavily fortified. Until the Anti-Japanese War, this was still the first important pass for the rear capital. At Qingmuguan at that time, the military, police, constitution and special forces all set up interrogation posts here, and passing vehicles and pedestrians had to be inspected and interrogated.

Qingmuguan, located in the outer suburbs, was originally just a military fortress. With the crazy air raids by Japanese planes, the bombing almost scorched the city of Chongqing. In order to avoid air raids, a large number of institutions and schools moved to Qingmuguan. Some party and government dignitaries and celebrities have also set up official residences and villas here.

According to incomplete statistics: During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the institutions and schools that moved into Qingmuguan include the Ministry of Education of the National Government, the National Central Conservatory of Music, the High School Affiliated to the Normal College of the National Central University, the Boy Scouts Normal School, and the Labor Normal School. Schools, public education centers, gliding associations, military police schools, National Institute of Education, private Mingzhi Middle School, Qingmuguan Town Primary School, etc. There are schools all over, students are singing, celebrities gather, and the culture is rich. Qingmuguan, a military pass, suddenly became a major cultural area that accompanied the capital during the war.

After sixty years of ups and downs, Qingmuguan, a cultural district during the war, is still lingering in the hearts of Chongqing people and is often cherished. There are probably two main themes: First, it is based on Kong Xiangxi’s "Yongongyan" is named after Chen Lifu's English name LF spelled as "正", "Zhengqiao" is named after Chen Lifu's English name LF, and "Liu Gongqiao" is named after Zhu Jiahua. Building bridges and roads is a charitable act, and the names of places and bridges are always indelible and unforgettable.

The second one is Mr. Wu Bochao, who returned from studying in Belgium and became the dean of the National Central Conservatory of Music. Mr. Wu gathered famous teachers from all over the world to educate talents from all over the world. At the beginning of the founding of New China, the backbone of professional teaching in music academies from all over the country and from the north and south of the Yangtze River, most of them came from Qingmuguan, Chongqing.

The National Central Conservatory of Music is the highest music institution in the rear area during the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. In the hearts of a large number of old artists, Qingmuguan is an important and haunting life stop and an unforgettable starting point of life.