What is karst landform?

Karst landforms have high aesthetic value because of their diverse sculpture landforms. Many karst landscapes have been developed into tourist attractions, such as Shilin in Yunnan, Libo in Guizhou, Wulong in Chongqing, Jinfo Mountain in Chongqing, Shibing in Guizhou, Guilin in Guangxi and Huanjiang, which are listed as "Karst in South China" in the World Natural Heritage List.

Cave is a safe place for shielding radioactive radiation, which can not only protect the important archives and materials of the country, but also protect the precious lives of soldiers and civilians in wartime. As far as the numerous caves in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces are concerned, the large caves can accommodate tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians, and the small caves can also be thousands.

The Yunnan-Guizhou region in China was not covered by a large area of glaciers during the Quaternary Ice Age, and became a refuge for many ancient animals and plants. In addition, the karst landform area has complex landforms and diverse habitats. For a long time, human beings have little interference with the environment in this area, and the species in Yunnan-Guizhou area remain intact.

Fan Jingshan in this area is also listed in the United Nations network of man and biosphere nature reserves and the World Natural Heritage List. Libo Maolan Karst Forest Nature Reserve still preserves the most complete karst virgin forest in the same latitude, with a forest coverage rate of over 90%.

1At the end of 1994, the Beijing Observatory (now the National Astronomical Observatory of China) led 20 universities in China and proposed to build a "karst project". The final site is located in Dawodang large tiankeng in Guizhou, with stable geological conditions, large diameter and no radio interference. FAST radio telescope is the largest single aperture radio telescope in the world. Finally, it was put into use in Pingtang County, Guizhou Province from 2065438 to September 25th, 2006, and was known as "500-meter spherical radio telescope (FAST)".

In addition, karst landform is rich in groundwater resources, containing a large number of fossils of paleontology and paleoanthropology, or becoming a good place to store bauxite, placer and oil and gas, so karst landform has great scientific research significance and production value.

Extended data:

Causes of karst formation:

Modern karst in China was developed on the basis of quasi-plain after Yanshan movement. In Paleogene, there was a tropical climate in South China, and peak forests began to develop. North China has a subtropical climate, and there are still gentle hills and depressions in the mountainous areas of Jinzhong and some watershed areas in the south of Taihang Mountain. But at that time, the north and south of the Yangtze River were desert areas, and the karst development was weak.

In Neogene, the monsoon climate in China was formed, which laid the foundation of karst zonality. South China maintains a hot and humid climate, while Central China becomes humid and karst development becomes stronger. Especially since the Quaternary, the crust has risen rapidly, and karst landforms have developed rapidly, with complex and diverse types.

With the alternation of glacial and interglacial periods, the climatic zone changes frequently, but in the alternation, the climate gradually moves south. The northern boundary of tropical peak forest in South China extends to Nanling and Miaoling, and the north latitude of Daoxian County in Hunan Province is 25 40'. Guizhou is about 26 north latitude.

This boundary is 3 ~ 4 latitudes north of the current tropical boundary, indicating that the northern boundary of the peak forest was not formed under modern climate conditions. Although the temperature and rainfall in the eastern part of China are gradually changing northward, the difference of karst zonality is very obvious. This is because of the influence of glaciers and interglacial climate, the high temperature and rainfall in China during the interglacial period are beneficial to karst development. However, the cold and lack of rain during the ice age strongly inhibited the development of karst.

But the farther away from the tropics, the smaller the impact. In the tropical peak forest area, the condition of intermittent development of peak forest can be maintained, but the influence increases from central China to northeast, and the intensity of karst action decreases rapidly to the north, which makes the types change obviously. The vast northwest region has been in an arid climate since Tertiary, and karst is almost undeveloped.

Baidu encyclopedia-karst landform

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