How to design a complete world

Title: Going to the World (Textbook Details)

Teaching goal: to understand the basic historical facts of the second industrial revolution, form a correct world consciousness and respect the diversity of economic and cultural development.

Emphasis and difficulty: emphasis-the arrival of the electrical age has promoted the closer connection of the world; The world is connected as one. Difficulties-the arrival of the whole world has a positive impact on human production and life and leads to world turmoil.

Teaching methods: comparative observation; Personal learning archives law; Dialectical evaluation method.

Teaching process and key points of blackboard writing;

Introduction of new curriculum:

This lesson first lists the major scientific and technological inventions coming in the electrical age and their great influence on human production and life, marks the focus and struggle of the great powers to carve up the world with maps and tables, analyzes the performance of the world going global on the basis of scientific and technological progress, and reveals the material conditions, colonial operation mechanism and global formation of the world market.

Teaching process:

Topic 5 Lesson 4 Going Global (The Second Industrial Revolution and Its Influence)

1. The arrival of the electrical age (the second industrial revolution)

1. Conditions for the Second Industrial Revolution

(1) Politics:1In the second half of the 9th century, major countries in Europe and America established the capitalist mode of production, and a relatively stable political situation emerged, which provided a political premise for the second industrial revolution.

(2) Economy: After the first industrial revolution, European and American countries achieved initial industrialization and promoted the initial formation of the world market. A large amount of accumulated capital has provided sufficient funds for the creation and rise of new industrial sectors.

(3) Science and technology: Breakthrough achievements and innovations in science and technology (such as electromagnetic induction principle) directly promoted the rise of the second industrial revolution.

2. The most important achievement of the second industrial revolution-the extensive application of electric power (see the textbook P 102 "Table of Achievements").

(1) The United States and Germany are the two cradles and centers of the second industrial revolution.

(2) 1866, Siemens of Germany invented the world's first high-power generator, marking the beginning of the second industrial revolution.

(3) American Edison invented the tungsten light bulb, improved the telephone invented by Bell, successfully tested the tram, and invented the phonograph. Hysmans invented the film projector.

(4) The influence of the widespread use of electricity: ① As a new energy with high efficiency, electricity is gradually applied to industry, lighting and urban public utilities, which promotes the mechanization and automation of the production process and greatly improves the productivity. ② Humans have entered the electrical age. (3) The extensive use of electricity has promoted the development of steel industry (steel is very popular all over the world as a new material in manufacturing and construction).

3. The influence of the second industrial revolution

(1) changes in industrial structure: heavy industries such as iron and steel industry, automobile industry, petroleum industry and chemical industry developed and occupied a dominant position in the industry, and plastics, insulating materials and man-made fibers began to be used.

(2) Changes in traditional agriculture: The rise of emerging industries has provided advanced power facilities, machinery and equipment, fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture, and prepared material and technical conditions for the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.

(3) the change of production organization-the emergence of monopoly organizations.

With the great development of industry, production and capital are highly concentrated, resulting in monopoly organizations. ② From the middle of19th century, companies in the modern sense have gradually become the dominant form of industrial and commercial organizations. (3) The formation of the stock exchange market creates conditions for enterprise merger. (4) Capitalists form monopoly organizations through mergers or alliances. ⑤ The emergence of monopoly organizations is a partial adjustment (nature) of capitalist relations of production. ⑥ Monopoly organizations can reduce the unplanned production of a single capitalist, promote the development of large industries, and promote the development of productive forces to a certain extent.

Characteristics of the second industrial revolution: (1) Close integration of science and technology. (2) Fast speed, wide range and large scale, with many countries fighting at the same time. (3) In some countries, the two industrial revolutions crossed. (4) Starting from heavy industry.

The influence of the second industrial revolution: (1) Productivity: promoted the development of productivity. (2) Social relations: the emergence of monopoly organizations; Major capitalist countries are in transition to imperialism. (3) International relations: ① Colonial expansion-set off a frenzy to carve up the world. ② The world market was finally formed. (The world is connected as one)

2. The fanaticism of dividing up the world

1. The conditions for imperialism to carve up the world

(1) With the formation of monopoly organizations, all major capitalist countries have entered the stage of imperialism.

(2) The economic strength of big countries has reached a new level, further widening the gap with backward countries and regions in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

(3) Monopoly intensifies competition in the market. The monopoly capital groups of western powers expanded overseas on a large scale, seeking and expanding investment places, which triggered a fierce struggle among the powers to re-carve up colonies.

2. The general situation of imperialist division of the world

From (1) to 1900, the world's colonial area was 73 million square kilometers, and Britain, France and Russia ranked in the top three.

(2) By the end of 19, the rising imperialist countries such as Germany, the United States, and Japan had the highest voice for re-dividing the world.

(3) From the textbook chart to 19 14 (before the outbreak of World War I): British colonies include Canada in North America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, India, Myanmar, Afghanistan and Yemen in Asia, Egypt, Sudan and South Africa in Africa. The French occupied Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Madagascar in Africa. Italy occupied Libya and Somalia in Africa. Germany occupied southwest Africa, Togo, Cameroon, Tanganyika (Mozambique), etc.

3. American neocolonialism (from controlling the United States to going global)

(1) The proposition and evolution of "Monroe Doctrine": ① The focus of early American foreign policy was to establish the American system. (2)1823, American President Monroe put forward "Monroe Doctrine" and refused European interference in American affairs. (3)1889, the United States held the first Pan-American Conference and established the Pan-American Union. Under the banner of "pan-americanism", the United States gradually turned Latin America into its own backyard. ④65438+ In the 1990s, American naval officer Mahan put forward the theory of sea power. ⑤ 1898, the United States launched the Spanish-American War. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States established hegemony in the western hemisphere.

(2) The proposal of "open door" policy: ① The United States is an advocate and designer of neocolonialism. ②/kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, the United States put forward the concept of "Pacific business empire" as a neo-colonialism ("three noes": no monopoly, no division and no directness). (3) US Secretary of State John Hayward put forward the principle of "free trade" in 1899, and reiterated the principle of "fair trade" in 1900, that is, the "open door" policy.

Abstract: American expansion policy and its results: isolationism → Monroe doctrine → pan-americanism → "sea power theory" → "open door" policy; Established the hegemony of the western hemisphere (early 20th century).

Three. The world is integrated (world integration/capitalist world system)

1. Concept: World integration refers to the development of local international communication into global communication, and decentralized and local worlds become interactive and connected into a whole world.

2. Reason: (1) The influence of the second industrial revolution. (2) the transformation of transportation.

2. Symbol: the formation of the capitalist world system. 3. Means: international trade and colonialism.

4. Impact: (1) promoted the development of world agriculture (population movement, species exchange). (2) Improve the socialization of production (international division of labor, socialization of production). (3) World integration has promoted the expansion of global cultural exchanges. (4) The globalization of the world has led to the tension of international relations.

Inquiry after class: industrial revolution in europe's enlightenment to China's industrialization

(1) Develop industry and pay attention to environmental protection. (2) Improve the scientific and technological content of China industry at present. (3) Pay attention to cultivating scientific and technological talents. (4) unswervingly take the road of new industrialization. (5) Adhere to the road of sustainable development.

Difference between the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution

Including the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution.

Different inventors, craftsmen, technicians, scientists and engineers

Summary of basic production practice of inventing natural scientific achievements

1765-65438+Britain, France and America in the middle of the 9th century; 1mid-9th century-65438+late 20th century, Germany, Russia and Japan1870-65438+late 20th century.

Wei Fanying, France, the United States, Germany, Russia and Japan started at the same time.

An important symbol of improving the steam engine-the era when steam power is widely used-the era of power.

Set up cotton textile-light industry, electric power-heavy industry departments.

Learning plan part

Facing the whole world

Basic instruction

I. The Second Industrial Revolution

1 condition

(1)1In the second half of the 9th century, the capitalist mode of production was finally established in major countries in Europe and America, and the relatively stable political situation in Europe and America provided the premise for the second industrial revolution.

(2) Breakthrough achievements and innovations in science and technology directly promoted the rise of the second industrial revolution.

(3) After the first industrial revolution, European and American countries achieved initial industrialization and promoted the basic formation of the world market. A large amount of accumulated capital has provided sufficient funds for the creation and rise of new industrial sectors.

2. Achievements of the Second Industrial Revolution

(1) Invention and application of electricity: 1866, Siemens of Germany invented the world's first high-power generator, marking the beginning of the second industrial revolution; American inventor Edison invented the electric light, improved the telephone invented by Bell, successfully tested the tram, invented the phonograph, and cooperated with others to invent the film projector.

(2) The rise of emerging industries: modern automobile industry, petroleum industry, chemical technology and chemical industry have been developed, and plastics, insulating materials and man-made fibers have been put into production and practical use.

(3) the transformation of traditional industries

(1) in industry, that advent of the electrical age greatly improve the output and quality of steel, and the development of the steel industry led to the era when the proportion of heavy industry in the industry soared, which is known as the "steel age".

The rise of emerging industries has provided advanced machinery and equipment, fertilizers, pesticides and electricity for agriculture, and prepared material and technical conditions for the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.

3. Influence

(1) Productivity: The widespread application of electricity liberated productivity, promoted the mechanization and automation of the production process, and opened the "electrical age".

(2) relations of production: the emergence of monopoly organizations.

① Reason: The second industrial revolution promoted the high concentration of production and capital, resulting in monopoly organizations.

② Overview: Modern companies have become the dominant form of industrial and commercial organizations; The formation of the stock exchange market has created conditions for enterprise merger and promoted the emergence of "giant enterprises".

③ Essence: Partial adjustment of capitalist relations of production.

(4) Impact: promoting the improvement of production efficiency and promoting the development of productivity to a certain extent; Monopoly capitalists control the political and economic lifeline of the country.

Second, the fanaticism of dividing up the world.

1. Reason

(1) With the formation of monopoly organizations, all major capitalist countries have entered the stage of imperialism.

(2) The second industrial revolution raised the economic strength of big countries to a new level and widened the gap with Asian, African and Latin American countries.

(3) Monopoly capital groups expand overseas on a large scale, seeking and expanding investment places.

2. General situation

(1) By the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, the world had basically been carved up, and Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries demanded to carve up the world again.

(2) American foreign expansion.

The purpose of expansion: the purpose of early expansion is to establish the American system; /kloc-the purpose of expansion at the end of 0/9 is to seek the interests of the Pacific.

(2) Guiding ideology: 1823 put forward "Monroe Doctrine" and refused European interference in American affairs; /kloc-advocating neo-colonialism in the middle of 0/9th century.

③ Extension process: 1823, putting forward "Monroe Doctrine"; 1889, the Pan-American Union was founded, and Latin America became the backyard of the United States. 1898, launched the Spanish-American war and defeated Spain; 1898 put forward an "open door" policy towards China, including the principles of "free trade" and "fair trade".

④ Expansion result: At the beginning of the 20th century, it established its dominant position in the western hemisphere.

3. Influence

(1) The capitalist colonial system was finally established and the world market was formally formed.

(2) The intensification of contradictions among imperialist countries accelerated the outbreak of the First World War. ..

(3) It brought disasters to Asia, Africa and Latin America, deepened the national crisis in various places and promoted the development of the national liberation movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Three. World integration

1. Reason

(1) The root cause: The second industrial revolution greatly promoted the integration trend of the world economy.

(2) Direct cause: the transformation of transportation and the innovation of telecommunication tools have closely linked the production, circulation and consumption of the whole world, and mankind has taken a key step towards the process of world integration.

2. Content

By the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, the whole world had basically completed the integration process with the capitalist market as the framework, international trade and colonialism as the means, and the exchange of materials and species, population migration and racial integration, exchanges and impacts of various cultures, conflicts and choices of various social forms as the main contents, and the capitalist world system was formed.

3. Influence

(1) The integration of the world has promoted the large-scale mobility and integration of people, brought about the extensive exchange of world animal and plant species, and greatly promoted the development of the world agricultural economy.

(2) The globalization of the world has made the international division of labor develop in breadth and depth, and the degree of socialization of production has improved. For the first time, mankind has formed the basic pattern of world division of labor, and capitalist countries have become the biggest beneficiaries of world trade and international division of labor.

(3) World integration has promoted the expansion of global cultural exchanges.

(4) World integration has enlarged the imbalance of economic development between the capitalist world and countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, as well as between capitalist industrial countries, which has led to the upsurge of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national democratic movements of the people in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and also intensified the contradictions and conflicts among capitalist powers.

Problem discussion

1. What are the main conditions for the second scientific and technological revolution?

(1) Politically, the major European and American countries successively established capitalist regimes in the second half of the19th century, and the political situation was stable.

(2) After the industrial revolution, European and American countries initially realized industrialization, and the world market was initially formed. The continuous accumulation of capital prepared economic conditions for the second scientific and technological revolution.

(3) The development and innovation of science and technology promoted the rise of the second industrial revolution.

2. Compared with the first industrial revolution, what are the outstanding features of the second industrial revolution?

(1) has a solid scientific foundation, and "science and technology are the primary productive forces" is vividly reflected.

(2) Focus on developing basic industries, heavy industries and energy industries.

(3) It happened almost simultaneously in several advanced capitalist countries.

(4) Human society has entered the electrical age.

3. How did the second scientific and technological revolution affect people's production and life?

(1) As a new energy source, electricity has been applied in industries, lighting, urban public utilities and other fields, liberating productivity, promoting the mechanization and automation of the production process, and opening the electrical era.

(2) The innovation of new means of transportation and the invention and application of telecommunication technology have facilitated population exchange and information dissemination.

(3) The development of petrochemical industry has improved people's quality of life.

4. What is the main content of the capitalist world system?

(1) The establishment of the world capitalist system.

(2) The formation of the capitalist world market.

(3) The formation of the colonial system in the capitalist world.

Knowledge network

Interactive query

question

Read the following materials:

The emergence of new means of transportation and telecommunication equipment, such as trains, ships and telegrams, has closely linked production, circulation and consumption all over the world. 1869 The opening of the Suez Canal shortened the route from Europe to India by 4,000 miles. The Panama Canal was completed in 19 14, bringing the voyage from San Francisco to Liverpool to nearly 5,666 miles. With the continuous renewal of ships, the speed has been greatly improved. The voyage from Europe and America has been shortened from 42 days to 5 days, and from London to Calcutta from 3 months to 18 days. In addition, laying submarine cables and building transcontinental railways have strengthened intercontinental ties; The popularization of wired telegraph, telephone and wireless telegraph has made the world communication network come into being.

-Stavri Anoos's Global History

Please answer:

(1) According to the contents of the materials, briefly summarize the main manifestations of scientific and technological progress promoting the final formation of the capitalist world market.

(2) Summarize the main characteristics of the capitalist world market according to the materials and knowledge learned.

(3) Combining the knowledge learned, summarize the main influence of the final formation of the capitalist world market on Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Gossip about sb.' s mistakes

This problem revolves around the final formation of the world market, involving the reasons, main characteristics and influence of the final formation of the world market respectively. The key to solve this problem is to apply what you have learned.

Answer: (1) Performance: The emergence of new means of transportation and telecommunications equipment has linked production, circulation and consumption all over the world; The construction of canals and the improvement of ships have shortened the sailing time between different parts of the world; The laying of submarine cables and the construction of transcontinental railways have strengthened intercontinental ties; The formation of the world communication network has strengthened the connection between all parts of the world

(2) Features: Europe as the center; The main capitalist countries in Europe and America play a leading role, and the three continents of Asia, Africa and Latin America are forced to be incorporated into the capitalist world system; Scientific and technological progress has greatly promoted the formation of the world market.

(3) Influence: It urges the great powers to carve up the world and brings disaster to the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America; Destroyed the traditional economic structure of Asia, Africa and Latin America; It promoted the emergence and development of national capitalism in Asia, Africa and Latin America; It has intensified the ethnic contradictions in Asian, African and Latin American countries and made the national liberation movements in these areas surging.

Practice part

Multiple choice

1. "Prometheus" is () to make the generator principle out of the laboratory and bring new light to mankind.

Hertz Faraday Edison Siemens

2. "The industrial revolution cannot be attributed only to the genius of a small group of inventors. Genius undoubtedly played a certain role "(A General History of the World by Stavri and Anoos). The most prominent role played by "genius" here is ()

A. Start inventing and using machines. B. Promote the arrival of age of steam

C. promoting the close integration of science and technology. It marks the beginning of modern transportation.

3./Kloc-At the end of 0/9, "six companies dominated the German chemical industry market, and they formed two groups ... Soon after, they annexed two independent companies." The above phenomenon is mainly due to ()

A. Development of industrial revolution B. Promotion of the second industrial revolution

C. The formation of the world market D. The policy of state intervention in the economy

4. 1890 A country passed an antitrust law earlier, pointing out that it is illegal to hinder interstate or foreign trade, and to merge or collude with enterprises in trust or other forms. The country is most likely ()

A. Britain b Germany c Japan d America

5. "After16th century, the concentration of world trade gradually shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic and northwest Europe, while in the decades around 1890, the concentration of world industrial products gradually shifted from western Europe to other regions. Both of these examples show that the transfer of economic power indicates the rise of new power. " In these two historical periods, the most representative new force is ().

A. France-Germany

C. Japan-Britain

6. The following table shows the statistics of American industry:

Year 1870 1900

Total number of enterprises (persons)

Total number of workers (persons)

Output (ton) 3.20295 million

Investment (USD)1210000005900000

The above table reflects the main characteristics of American industrial development and change in the late19th century ().

A. Fierce competition in the industry B. Concentration of production and capital

C. the scale of the enterprise remains stable. D. the labor productivity has increased rapidly.

7. The "12 foot trophy" on the right is American photographer Kensy? Darius filmed on 1908. This photo is beautifully composed. The following description of the photo is correct ()

(1) shows the greatness of nature and the smallness of man.

② It reflects that the rapid development of industrial revolution is at the expense of rapid destruction of forests.

③ Reflect the author's deep thinking on social development ④ Express the author's hatred of industrial civilization.

A.①②④ B.②③④ C.①③④ D.①②③

8.65438+At the end of 2009 and the beginning of the 20th century, "due to the opening of the world market, the production and consumption of all countries have become worldwide. No matter how sorry the reactionaries are, the bourgeoisie has dug up the foundation of the country at the foot of industry. " The correct meaning of this passage is ()

A. the bourgeois revolution is a retrogression of history. B. National movements tend to die out in the world.

C. Capitalist production does not need a national foundation D. The formation of the capitalist world market

Multiple choice problem

9. A middle school history interest group has carried out a comprehensive inquiry activity with the theme of scientific development and social progress. The students expressed their opinions and had a heated discussion. Please help each group complete the following questions.

(1) Students in Group A believe that great technological inventions can lead a brand-new era. Please take the major inventions in the two industrial revolutions as examples to illustrate this point.

(2) Group B students think that scientific and technological progress is a double-edged sword, which not only promotes industrial development, but also brings some negative effects. Please give examples to illustrate the negative effects of technology.

(3) Group C students find information about Edison from the Internet:

Edison won more than 1300 invention patents in his life and was called "the king of inventions". The key to developing electric lamps is to find filament materials. It is said that Edison tried 1600 kinds of heat-resistant materials and 6000 kinds of plant fibers, but all failed. 1879 10, Edison saw in a magazine that the swan made an incandescent lamp out of carbon silk, which was deeply inspired. He burned the cotton thread into carbon filament, then put the carbon filament into the light bulb and carefully evacuated it. When the lamp is energized, the filament emits bright light for 45 hours. Edison finally succeeded.

When talking about his invention, Edison said: "Surprise is the seed of science; Invention is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration; I have never made an accidental invention in my life. All my inventions are the result of careful consideration and rigorous experiments. "

According to the above materials, please help the students in Group C summarize the reasons why Edison made many important inventions.

(4) What inspiration did you get after participating in the students' research?