Julio Cortázar's personal experience.

Julio Cortázar (19 14- 1984) is a post-avant-garde writer in Latin America (equivalent to postmodernism in Europe and America), and is the spiritual son and proud pupil of Guiorguis Luis Borges. "I don't distinguish between reality and fantasy," he said. "For me, fantasy always comes from daily life." In this short story, the author described an absurd story for us in a very serious tone, which is an out-and-out black humor. As for the author's intention, every reader can draw his own conclusion without having to accept the guidance and preaching of others. 1965438+On August 26th, 2004, Julio Cortazar was born in the Argentine Embassy in Brussels. Years later, he said, "My birth is a product of tourism and diplomacy." His parents, Julio Cortázar and Maria Hermia de Scott, are Argentine. Thanks to Argentina's neutrality, the Cortazar family arrived in Switzerland during the First World War and then lived in Barcelona for a year and a half. He often plays with his children in the local Parque Güell, and he is deeply impressed by the colorful pottery products in the park.

When cortazar was four years old, his family returned to Argentina. Because his father abandoned them immediately and never appeared again, he spent his childhood with his mother and his only sister in banfield, Buenos Aires. He lived in a house with a courtyard, which provided inspiration for his later literary creation (Los Venenos, Deshoras). However, his life is not happy. "(It was) an era full of labor, feelings and sadness."

Kotaza is a sick child. He stayed in bed for a long time, so books became his best companion. His mother carefully selected suitable reading materials for him, and she virtually became the enlightener of Koltaza's reading and writing. Thanks to his mother, it was through her that he got to know the person he admired all his life-jules verne. "My mother said that I had been writing since I was eight years old. She kept the novels I wrote at that time very well, even though I always wanted to burn them regardless." He read a lot of books, and some doctors advised him to stop reading for five to six months and go out to bask in the sun. Many short stories he wrote later were actually autobiographies. For example, Bestiario, The Last del juego and so on. Koltaza started as a teacher at 1932 and taught literature at Mariano Acosta Normal School at 1935. In these years, he began to wander around the stadium to watch boxing matches, where he produced a series of philosophical concepts about boxing "eliminating the bloody and cruel appearance of resistance and anger" He worships those who always take the lead and overcome their timidity by hard work.

Walking in the street of Buenos Aires one day, Kotaza found a book "Opio" written by jean cocteau in the bookstore with the subtitle "Diary of Drug Addiction". This book has had an important influence on his life. "I feel that all my literary life has become a thing of the past ... from that day on, I read and wrote in different ways, with different ambitions and different horizons."

Later, cortazar began to study philosophy and literature at the University of Buenos Aires, but he soon realized that he should apply his existing degree to his work and help his mother. Then he taught in Bolivia and went to Chi Vilcot. He lives in a single apartment and spends all his free time reading and writing. 1938, he published a collection of poems entitled "Appearing" under the pen name Julio Denis. At that time, the print run of this collection of poems reached 250. In this work, he praised Malamei, demanded the liberation of poetic style, opposed stereotyped writing, and put forward the literary proposition of paying attention to artistic innovation.

In an interview with Elena Poniatowska of Mexico Magazine (plural N 44,65438+May 0975), he said frankly: "It has been a very lonely year for me. I am knowledgeable. All my information about books was accumulated in those years, but my experience is always literature. I live by reading, but I don't really enjoy life. I read thousands of books in my room alone: I kept studying and translating. "I came back very late,"

Since 1944, Koltaza has been teaching French and Nordic literature in the philosophy and literature department of Universidad de Cuyo in Mendoza. 1946 After Peron came to power, he imposed a military dictatorship and resigned in protest. Then he was hired as an interpreter by the Buenos Aires Book Association. 1947 or so, he wrote Casato motor. This is the first short story in his gladiator series. One of his friends sent this short story to jorges luis borges, who published it in Anales de Buenos Aires magazine, thus starting the frequent contact between Koltaza and Borges.

195 1 year, Kortaza's story poem Kings, based on theseus, a hero in Greek mythology, preached a new idea of advocating freedom to people in a distinctive dialogue form. This had profound political significance under the white terror of Argentina at that time. Koltaza said on different occasions that he started to write a story about Poe. He said, "Allen taught me what great literature is and what short stories are." 1948 won the title of mass translation in English and French. He finished the creation of Examination on 1950, but no editor was willing to publish it because they thought it contained too many rude words. 195 1 year. At the age of 37, Koltaza won a ten-month scholarship from the French government, so he moved to Paris, France, and settled there. The content of this scholarship is to study the relationship between contemporary French novels and poems and English literature. He has accumulated considerable translation experience and translated the works of Stilton, Gide, Usain and others. Later, Kotazar found a job as a translator in the United Nations. In the same year, he published his first collection of short stories, Animal Fables, which was a great success. 1956 published his second collection of short stories, The End of the Game. It develops the animal characters in the first work with the deformation of characters, and further strengthens the social roots and psychological environment of human nature distortion. 1953 Cortaza married Aurora bernardez, an Argentine female translator. She was living in poverty in Paris at that time. The University of Puerto Rico asked her to translate all Poe's poems, and her translation was also considered as the best by critics. They went to Italy to live together for a year.

From 65438 to 0959, the Cuban people launched a revolution under the leadership of Castro. "The Cuban revolution ... showed me in a cruel way ... my sense of emptiness and uselessness in politics tortured me ... I wrote all the political topics in the article." In the same year, Coltaza edited the story collection "Mysterious Weapons", which included his famous short story "The Tracker". The following year, he and his wife went to Buenos Aires by boat. During the trip, he used the printer he carried with him to construct the novel Winning Lottery. In his works, the author uses "extraordinary scenes" to show people the psychology and behavior of people in extraordinary times, which makes the characters in the book vulgar, decadent, selfish, hypocritical and vain. From 65438 to 0963, he was invited by the U.S. House of Representatives to visit Cuba and served as a judge of the U.S. House of Representatives Literature Prize. Since then, he has always shown a keen interest in Latin American politics. In the same year, his book hopscotch came out. This book is generally regarded as his masterpiece, and later generations classified it as an indispensable part of the explosion of Latin American literature and a classic of Argentine literature. The novel is named Children's Games, and its structure also adopts the method of games. The book is divided into 155 chapters and consists of three parts. His conception is novel and his reading method is unique. During this period, he quoted a large number of stories, characters and quotations, setting a series of suspense, doubts and difficulties for readers, making people unconsciously join in the thinking and exploration of the characters in the book and stay in the book. Therefore, this work is called Ulysses in Latin America.

1967, he married a Lithuanian, Unnie Cabili. His second wife had a great influence on his politics. Many copyrights of Kortazar's works were donated to political prisoners in various countries, including Argentina. "On October 2nd, 65438/kloc-0, when Castro paid tribute to Ernesto Guevara in Revolution Square, more than 300,000 people in the audience burst into applause for ten minutes. Cuba's love for Ernesto Guevara makes me feel like an Argentine outsider. " But his enthusiasm for Cuba and its revolution did not last forever. He arrived in Chile to support the government of salvador allende and visited his mother and friends. 197 1 year, Tassar, together with other writers, was "deported" by Castro for asking him to provide information about Alberto Padilla. Although Castro's actions woke him up, he still cared about Latin American politics. 1973, Cortaza won the Premio Médicis with The Story of Manuel, but he used this book to donate the copyright to help Argentine political prisoners. From 65438 to 0974, he became a member of the Court of Bertrand Russell II in Rome, whose main purpose was to study the political situation in Latin America, especially some human rights violations. Although Kotaza is famous for his short stories and essays, he also wrote a lot of poems. He published some of his early poems in the name of "Pamos Y Mayo Pass". He also wrote lyrics for tango music and edited an album. 1980, he traveled around the world with his third wife, Carol Dunlop. The first few stops included Poland, where he attended a conference in solidarity with Chile and expressed his support for the Nicaraguan revolution.

198 1 August, 2008, he suddenly suffered from severe gastric bleeding and miraculously survived. Even in the most difficult moment of Kotaza's life, he never gave up his passion-writing. Carlo Dunlop died of leukemia on1984165438+12 October. The same disease swept Coltaza himself, and he passed away on February 1984. They were buried together in Cementerio de Parnas Cemetery. primary