Why is football oval? Football rules and what is a foul?

Why is football oval? First, football is mainly about passing and running with the ball, so in order to increase the excitement, risk and difficulty, it is difficult to control football once it lands, and it is difficult to predict the changes in the situation on the field after landing. The second point is that it is easier to pass the ball with one hand, so you can try to take a thicker stick or pinch a ball with the same volume as the stick to see which one is comfortable, strong and easy to control. Third, special skills can be used when passing the ball, so that the ball is like a cannonball, the tip keeps moving forward and the ball rotates quickly. This kind of passing is fast, accurate and stable, which is conducive to the team's play and the audience's appreciation.

2, football rules: a lot, typing is a waste of time, I helped you find a paragraph in nfl official website. There is no need for people to answer this question manually in detail. You can ask me if you don't understand the items.

Basic rules:

There are 1 1 players on both sides of the competition. One side is the attack group, and the other side is defense group. The purpose of the attack group is to push the ball as far as possible to the opponent's position and try to cross the scoring line and enter the opponent's end zone to score. There are two ways to attack, the player runs forward with the ball (rushing the ball) or passes the ball in the air (passing the ball).

Defense group, the opponent, aims to stop the opponent's attack as much as possible and force the opponent to lose the ball. If the attacker scores or loses possession of the ball, the two teams exchange offense and defense, that is, the original attacker is replaced by defense group and the original defender is replaced by the offensive group. In this way, the two sides took turns to attack and defend until the end of the fourth quarter.

space

Site length 100 yards, width 53 yards. The slender white line on the playing field is called the yard line, which helps players, referees and spectators to understand the process of the attacker pushing the ball forward. The most important place in the venue is probably the end area, which is the area where the score lines on both sides of the venue extend outward by 10 yards respectively. This area is where the score is scored. When the players with the ball push the ball into the opponent's end zone, they score.

time

The competition is divided into four stages, each stage 15 minutes. The first and second quarters are called the first half of the year. The third and fourth quarters are called the second half of the year. There is a 12 minute intermission between the first half and the second half. At the beginning of the second half, the kick-off meeting will be the same as at the beginning of the game.

The first quarter of the first half is over, and the third quarter of the second half is over. Each player has a two-minute break, and the players of both sides exchange venues. The original owner of the ball will continue to attack after changing venues. After each attack, the attacker must restart the next attack within 40 seconds, or he will be punished. The game clock is suspended in the following situations: the passing fails, the player takes the ball out of bounds, and the referee punishes it. When the referee put the ball back to the kick-off point for both sides to start attacking, the game clock began to tick. If the two sides draw at the end of the fourth quarter, there will be 15 minutes of overtime, and the outcome will be decided by sudden death, that is, the first scorer wins. At the beginning of overtime, both sides toss a coin to guess first, and the right one will attack first.

Player position

Each side has three groups to perform different tasks: the team gets the ball and the offensive group goes on stage; When the opponent gains the right to attack, the defense team comes out; Special groups only play in a few special circumstances (kick-off, penalty kick, kick-off). Both sides can only have 1 1 players on the court at any time.

Game kick-off

The game started with a kick-off. The kick-off process is that the defender kicks the ball on his tee on the 30-yard line and then kicks it to the attacker. After the kick-off backhand catch, the attacker will try his best to push forward until it is intercepted by the defender. Then the attacker attacks from where the ball is intercepted.

If the attacker catches the opponent's kick-off in his own end zone, he has two choices. Either take the ball out of the end zone and impact the opponent's field until it is intercepted; Either touch the ground with your knees after holding the ball, that is, stop the ball, and then put the ball on the attacker's 20-yard line, and the attacker begins to attack.

The first attack

The progress of the game is measured by yards. The attacker pushes as many yards as possible and approaches the opponent's end zone. When the attacker starts to attack, he has four chances to attack and must advance at least 10 yards. If the attacker successfully advances at least 10 yards, it is said that the first attack has been reached. Then the attacker gets another round of four attacks. If the attacker does not advance 10 yards in a round of attack, he loses the right to attack. Therefore, the defender should not only prevent the attacker from scoring, but also prevent the attacker from advancing more than 10 yards in a round of attack. When the attacker seizes the fourth attack opportunity, he usually throws the ball away, that is, kicks it to the opponent's court, so that the opponent has to push a few more yards to score.

Attack-run or pass the ball

Every attack begins with a kick-off. On the kick-off line, after the quarterback shouted the password of attack tactics, the center in front of him passed the ball to the quarterback or passed it from his crotch to the quarterback, and then the quarterback decided whether to pass or move.

Run with the ball

There are two ways for attackers to attack. The first way is to hold the ball and rush to the opponent. This usually happens after the quarterback gives the ball to the running guard, who tries to distract the opponent's defense and rush forward as many yards as possible. The quarterback can also run the ball by himself.

pass the ball

Another way to attack is to pass the ball. Usually the quarterback passes the ball, but sometimes other players pass the ball to confuse their opponents. In fact, any player on the attacking side can pass the ball as long as it comes from behind the kick-off line. When the ball is caught by another attacker, it is called passing successfully. The catcher is usually a catcher or tightener. If the ball touches the ground before anyone catches it, it is a passing mistake.

intercept

The defender threw the dribbler to the ground and stopped the opponent's progress. When the attacking player lands on one knee or both knees, it is called interception, and the attacking opportunity is over. When the attacking player rushed out of bounds, it also ended an offensive opportunity.

score

The purpose of the game is to get more points. There are four ways to score:

Touchdown score =6 points

Touchdown is the way to score the most points at a time in the game. The team that scores the touchdown will get an extra chance to score. To score a touchdown, the ball must cross the scoring line in the end line area, catch the pass in the end line area and catch the lost ball in the end line area.

Additional points and binary conversion = 1 point or 2 points.

After the touchdown, the scorer puts the ball on the opponent's 2-yard line and has two choices. Usually kick an extra point, also known as a touchdown, Pat. If the touchdown team successfully kicks the ball into the goal, it gets 1 point. The attacker can also score 2 points by running again or rushing to the ground. Because 2 points is much more difficult than 1 minute, the touchdown side usually chooses to kick 1 minute.

Punishment =3 points

If the attacker fails to score a touchdown, he can try a free throw. You can score 3 points on penalty kick. Usually at the last moment of the game, a penalty decides the outcome of the game. The attacker can kick a penalty at any time and any place. However, it is usually in the fourth attack opportunity that the ball is pushed into the 45-yard line of the defender before choosing the penalty kick. The kicker must kick the ball between the poles of the goal and above the crossbar to score. Defenders should try their best to block opponents' free throws.

Safety =2 points

Two points for safety. The attacker holds the ball and is intercepted by the defender in the attacker's end zone. The defender scores 2 points.

Right to throw the ball

In the process of attacking the defender, there will be two situations to lose the ball.

Throw the ball.

A player who carelessly holds or passes the ball loses the ball. Any player on both sides of the court can grab the ball or bring it to the other side's end zone. If the party who grabs the target is the original attacker, continue to attack; If it is the defensive side, the two sides switch between attack and defense.

intercept

The defender can gain the right to attack by intercepting the air pass of the attacker in the air. Regardless of whether the ball is lost or intercepted, the player who grabs the ball can immediately rush to the opponent's end line area and try to score a touchdown.

Both sides of the game

Attacking party

The player who owns the ball is the attacker. Although the quarterback, catcher, press and running guard can all attack with the ball, the quarterback is the real offensive commander and key figure. In fact, the quarterback must have many talents, not only passing the ball, but actually directing every attack.

offensive player

The quarterback passes the ball or passes it to the running guard.

The center began to pass the ball to the quarterback, blocking the impact of the opposing defender.

Two defenders and two interceptors blocked the opposing defender.

Two or four receivers catch the quarterback's pass.

1 charge 2 running guards with the ball.

1 2 tightening can stop the impact of the opposing defender and also receive the pass from the quarterback.

Defensive zone

The defender's task is to stop the opponent from advancing. On the court, 1 1 the defender cooperated to prevent the attacker from pushing the ball into his own end line area to score.

Defensive player

The linesman defends the ball attack and moves forward to prevent the attacker from running the ball or catching the quarterback.

Defensive forwards (end forwards and interceptors) point to Maimang with the offensive front line and control the kick-off line.

Corner guards and central defenders defend the quarterback from passing the ball to the receiver and help intercept the running ball.

Player location:

Each NFL team has at least 45 players, and each time 1 1 players play. In the game, each team has three teams to perform different tasks: when the team gets the ball, the attacking team goes on stage; When the opponent gains the right to attack, the defense team comes out; Special groups only play in a few special circumstances (kick-off, penalty kick, kick-off). Both sides can only have 1 1 players on the court at any time.

1. attack group

quarterback

The offensive brain of the team, the center of the whole offensive system, and all offensive tactics are conveyed to the field through him. At the same time, they are also the initiators of the passing attack, and the accurate long pass will change the game instantly. At present, the two best quarterbacks in the league are payton manning of Indianapolis Colts and Tom Brady of New England Patriots.

Runner (RB)

A running guard is a player who runs and attacks with the ball. Their job is to break through the opponent's defense with changes in strength, pace and speed. In some cases, they will also catch the ball and push forward. Running guards are divided into avant-garde (HB) and full-back (FB).

In charge attack, it is usually a strong defender who opens the way in front and a half-defender who follows with the ball. They must protect the ball after receiving the pass from the quarterback, then look at the situation on the court, look for any gaps, and decide the most favorable sprint route to avoid the defenders. When throwing and attacking, they can go forward to be the catcher, or help the attacking inside striker protect the quarterback. Speed and agility are the main conditions for running guards.

External member (WR)

The catcher is fast and agile, and gets rid of the defense to catch the ball by changing direction. A good receiver can move forward, dodge and get rid of the opponent's man-to-man defense according to the path indicated by the quarterback before serving, creating favorable conditions for receiving the ball. After receiving the ball, the receiver can still hold the ball forward until it is intercepted or runs out of bounds.

Tight end

Press has both the ability to catch the ball and the ability to open the road. He sometimes helps the attacking inside striker block, and sometimes acts as a catcher. In the passing attack, they are the spears of the quarterback, and in the running attack, they are the avant-garde shields.

Offensive lineman

The player who stands in the front line of attack to protect the quarterback or the avant-garde in running attack is the strongest person in the attack group. According to different positions on the court, from the center of the service point to the outside, there are center, tackle and defender respectively. The center is also a kicker and is responsible for accurately passing the ball to the quarterback.

2. National Defence Group

Defensive lineman

They are usually the strongest people in the team, aiming at the opposing full-back and quarterback before passing the ball. They rushed past the opponent's inside attack and hit the opponent's ball carrier. According to the position on the court, from the center to the perimeter, there are organic head tackles or defensive tackles and defensive ends respectively.

Guard (lbs)

An important position, one of which is usually the person who gives orders in the defense group. Line guards should have excellent interception technology to prevent running guards with the ball from crossing the thunder pool; In the case of throwing and attacking, you must help other teammates keep an eye on the catcher and other possible receivers to destroy or intercept any throwing and catching. There are central defenders (MLB) and perimeter defenders (OLB) according to their positions.

Defensive defender

The last line of defense is divided into several types according to different responsibilities:

Jiaowei

Corner guards are the sworn enemies of the other side, and speed and agility are their specialties. Generally speaking, their duty is to get close to the receiver of the other side or tighten up in some cases, but they also have to surprise the quarterback of the other side in a specific formation (risky move).

Safety (safety)

It is subdivided into free security (FS) and strong security (SS). They stand behind the defense, and when the attacker breaks through the defense or a catcher gets rid of the defense, they go forward to destroy the opponent's attack.

On the court, a strong defender reacts to the pressing attacker, because the side with the pressing offensive line is called the strong side. When the attacker uses the charge attack, the strong guard should intercept the running guard like the line guard to stop the attack, and when pitching, he should be responsible for keeping an eye on it to prevent him from catching the ball.

3. Special service team

Generally speaking, except for a few special positions, secret service members are usually substitutes for offensive and defensive groups.

kicker sports_magazine

Shooting (FG) often occurs in games, so a kicker is needed. When shooting, another player holds the ball firmly after kick-off, so that the kicker can kick the ball accurately. This player is called the ball bearer and is usually the backup quarterback of the team.

flatboat

When the team gives up playing, the player who plays high-altitude ball not only requires to play far but also accurately, and sometimes short kicking is also useful.

return vehicle

Kick-off can be retired. This player is usually the fastest player in the team, but not necessarily an offensive player.

The rights and punishment of the referee:

(1) Ball

1. In order to meet the needs of the league, the home team should have 36 balls in the outdoor competition and 24 balls in the indoor competition, and the referee should test them with a stress tester two hours before the start of the competition. 12 was sealed in a special box, and the new ball sent directly by the manufacturer was opened in the official locker room two hours before the start of the game.

(2) Flip a coin to guess the pros and cons

1. toss a coin in the middle of the court three minutes before kick-off. The captains of both sides guessed the pros and cons before flipping a coin. The winning team can choose one of the following two conditions, and the losing team accepts the remaining one:

(1) Choose to kick off first.

(2) Choose a defensive location

Before the start of the second half, the captains of the two teams must inform the referee of their previous choices and guess that the team that lost in the first half has priority.

(iii) Time

1. The clock on the court is regular. If the clock stops or runs abnormally, the linesman should control and manage the correct official time on the court.

2. Each lesson 15 minutes, unless otherwise specified, each lesson is 2 minutes apart, with an interval of 12 minutes.

3. When the team calls for a time-out, the referee starts counting and blows the whistle after 1 min 50 seconds, unless the TV broadcast does not use this time to broadcast commercial advertisements. In this case, the pause time is reduced to 40 seconds.

The referee will allow the necessary time to give the injured player or repair the player's equipment.

5. Each team has three times to call a time-out every half.

6. You can have 40 seconds to prepare for each attack.

7. Start timing after the team holds the ball.

8. The last two minutes of the first half and the last five minutes of the second half are exceptions-the time of out-of-bounds or foul will be deleted. Time before the clock returns out of bounds.

9. The opposing team can immediately call a timeout, but the timeout is reduced to 40 seconds.

10. When the attacker didn't hear the referee's penalty because of the noise of the crowd, he can choose to let the defender reduce the penalty of a timeout or a penalty of 5 yards.

(iv) Sudden death

1. For all NFL games, the sudden death method is that the team that scored first in overtime (in all aspects) will automatically win if there is a draw within the specified time.

At the end of the specified time, the referee will flip a coin in the middle, and the visiting team leader will guess first.

3. There will be a 3-minute break after the game, followed by nearly 15 minutes of overtime until there is a 2-minute break between each overtime. The two sides take turns to divide the ball. Each team has three timeouts at half-time, and the players sent off can't play again.

(v) Start

1. At the beginning of the first half and the second half, or after scoring goals and trying, the opening team should kick off from the team's 30-yard line. Kick-off is a free kick.

2. You can use the 1 inch ball pad when kicking off (it is not allowed to use the ball pad when kicking the target score, the safe score or the trial kick with the ball). Kick the ball with a positioning kicker.

3. You can't get the target score when you kick off.

4. If the tee-off distance does not exceed 10 yards or is not touched by the receiving team, then the tee-off is considered illegal. Once the kick-off is touched or passed by the receiver over 10 yards, the ball becomes a free ball. The catcher can take the ball back and push it. Kicking teams can get the ball back, but they can't push the ball unless the receiver controls the ball and loses it.

5. If the kick-off is out of bounds within two goal lines and is not touched by the receiver, the ball belongs to the receiver 30 yards away from the ball point or where the ball is out of bounds, unless the ball is out of bounds for the first time when kicking "self-kick". In this case, the kicker will be fined 5 yards before kicking the ball.

6. If the kick-off is out of bounds in two goal lines, but it is touched by the receiver, then the ball belongs to the receiver whose ball is out of bounds.

7. If the opening team kicks off to the borderline illegally, or kicks a short-distance free kick in two or more consecutive self-kicks, then the receiving team can get the ball at the dead ball point, or where the ball is out of bounds, or at the illegal touch point.

(6) Safety score

1. In addition to kick-off, another free kick is a kick after a safe score. You can use fly kick (but not kick off).

2. In terms of scoring safety, the team can score by kicking in the air, throwing the ball (referring to throwing and kicking the rebound ball) and kicking the positioning ball without the ball pad. After scoring a safe score, you can't kick the ball at will, even if a series of punishments put the team in such a situation. It is only possible to score a goal by kicking a free kick after fighting for the ball or legally catching it.

(vii) Fair catch.

After legally receiving the ball, the receiving team can choose to kick off; Or kick "legal catch kick" at the legal catch kick line outside 10 yards to get the target score. When you strive for a goal, all the general rules apply. Start timing when kicking the ball (no cushion is allowed).

(8) Fouling at the final stage of the half-court or full-court game.

1. The defender fouled. If he accepts the punishment, he will touch the ground again.

2. If the attacker fouls and does not repeat the touchdown, the touchdown is invalid. Exceptions: catching the ball, fouling, and touching the ball illegally after the change of the ball right, the attacker does not score.

(ix) Foul point

1. Four basic foul points:

(a) where the foul occurred.

(b) Front foul point: the place where the kick-off takes place.

(c) The place where the ball is contested, returned or conceded, and the place where the foul is punished.

(d) Continuous point: If the ball is pushed again during the blowing penalty, the kick-off place is the blowing penalty place.

2. If the attacker fouls behind the line of scrimmage (except in the touchdown area), he will be punished for kicking off at the previous service point. If the ball is in the touchdown zone, it will be a safe ball.

3. If the defender fouls with the ball or unreasonable hand after the line of scrimmage, if he fouls outside the line, the penalty code will be calculated online.

(x) Two fouls

1. If you commit two fouls when handing over the ball, the player who finally gets the ball before the exchange will win the ball.

2. If there are two fouls after the exchange, the defender gets the ball at the foul or dead ball.

3. If one of the two fouls is unqualified, the fouler must be sent off, but not fined.

4. The player fouls before exchanging possession of the ball, the receiver fouls after the exchange, and the receiver gets the ball.

5. When a team scores on the ground, scores a goal, gets extra points or safety points, the other team member fouls, is disqualified as an athlete, or makes unreasonable moves when falling on the ground, and makes a free throw at the kick-off.

(XI) Emergency events

Members, officials, employees, players and coaches of the NFL should watch every game, and the NFL will decide whether to continue the game. In case of unexpected events, such as severe cold weather, natural and man-made disasters, power failure, audience interference, etc. When the start or continuation of the competition will pose a threat to the safety of contestants and spectators, the competition will be suspended, cancelled, postponed or terminated.

(XII) Rights of the Committee Office

1. The right to cancel, postpone or terminate the competition is only granted to members and team chairmen. (Representatives from other teams' offices and referees can temporarily suspend the game; See point 3 below and point 1 under "rights of judges"), which are defined as follows:

* Cancel. Cancelling a game is to invalidate it (whether before or after the game starts), and there is no intention to reschedule the game or include its scores and other performance data in the team's records.

* Delay. Delaying the game means (a) delaying the start time of the game, or (b) pausing the game after the game starts, and preparing to restart it later. All scores and other performance data before the pause are added to the scores and data after the game is resumed.

* Termination. To terminate the game is to end in a 60-minute complete game, which is officially recorded as a complete game, and no further preparations will be made after that. In case of emergency, the Committee member or team chairman may terminate the competition. If it is reasonable in his opinion, (a) it will not change the final result or (b) it will not adversely affect the events of any other team.

* Eliminated. Except in the case of foul (see the above provisions on expulsion), no committee member, the president of the league and his representative, including the referee, have the right to unilaterally declare the team eliminated. Only when the game can't be played because of a team's mistake or refusal to participate in the second game can the elimination be announced. At this time, if the opponent is ready and wants to participate, he can win 2-0.

2. In case of unexpected circumstances, it is necessary to cancel, postpone or terminate the competition (see the above rules), the highest representative in control position in the Committee office can consult with the Committee members, the president of the league or the responsible officials appointed by the league on the day of the competition to confirm this decision. (If the official in charge is not available that day, please consult with him by phone). If the environmental conditions of the day have been determined, the representatives of the League should still consult with the Meteorological Bureau and the appropriate security personnel of the League, clubs, stadiums and local governments. If there is no representative from the Committee office to ensure that the game is controlled, the referee will take full responsibility.

3. In case of urgent need to ensure safety, the representative of the committee office can set a time-out after consultation with the referee, and if authorized, they can also remove the contestants from the field. Committee representatives should ensure the safety of spectators, athletes, competition officials, non-athletes in the audience and other people present (such as photographers and cheerleaders).

4. If possible, the representative of the office of the officials of the League can cancel any committee decision, including postponement or termination, through consultation with the authorized representatives of the two participating clubs.

5. If the committee and the president of the league decide to cancel the postponement of the termination of the competition, his representative or official will announce the decision on the day of the competition, for example, through public broadcasting using the referee's wireless microphone, using the public area of the home team or contacting the radio and other media.

(13) Steps for starting or rematch.

The main points of the right to handle such affairs are as follows: under the influence of special emergencies, the labor union personnel department and the referee will start or replay according to this step.

1. Due to unexpected events, a regular season or playoff game cannot be kicked off as scheduled or delayed on the same day, and the game still needs to be arranged by the Committee on the following date.

2. If an emergency (such as an upcoming tropical storm) is expected to occur after or during the competition, the start time shall not be arranged in advance unless there is obvious or sufficient time to make orderly changes.

All suspended games will be resumed on the same day. If all competitions are postponed to another date, it will start from the moment of suspension. When the game is suspended, the referee shall announce the suspension and record the following data: the team controlling the ball, the direction of the ball, the position, area, distance and time of the game when the ball is present, and any data and information related to the fair start.

4. The Committee will postpone the regular season again in the same venue within two days of the original match day. If it cannot be held in the same venue, the organizing Committee will arrange a reasonable alternative venue competition. If the match can't be replayed within two days of the original time, it will be arranged for the rematch next week. If the players of both sides play because of time conflict, the Committee will arrange unfair competition time. (For example, the game has been scheduled for Tuesday)

For the postponed playoff, the committee will be held in the same venue as soon as possible after the scheduled game. If it is impossible to play in the original venue, the Committee will arrange a reasonable venue to arrange a rematch.

In any case, if the game is postponed due to the negligence of the club, the club will bear the expenses of the home team, including the comments of the Committee, tickets and TV broadcast income.

Any club must strictly protect the venues and stadiums to make them suitable for NFL games.

3. What is a foul?

There should be something posted on it. The main and most obvious are pulling, premature offside (crossing the kick-off line before kick-off), intentional violence and so on. Anyway, just look at the rules and think about how to break them.

It took me a long time to get the answer. There is no reward for this question. I just want to recognize and adopt my answer.