Pingjiang's Interpretation of Landscape Photography

How to understand the composition of landscape photography

Looking for beautiful lines, colors, shapes and textures from the natural landscape, putting them in the viewfinder, treating them in a completely self-centered way, and then taking photos to let the audience know these visual beauty points at a glance, which is the whole content of composition. Composition is an organizational process, which combines a large number of scattered composition elements into an understandable whole; Composition is a process of responding to these elements, and it is also a process of trying to organize these elements in order to let them convey the excitement, reverence, fear, surprise and sympathy experienced by photographers. The atmosphere shown by composition is sometimes calm, sometimes strong or firm, and sometimes active. Nature itself will show the photographer the feelings to express.

No matter what content and object are displayed in landscape photography creation, there are primary and secondary points. The subject is the focus of the picture and the main expression of the theme. There can be one subject, two, three or several subjects. The location of the main scene is also superior to other scenes in the picture, and it is in an obvious position. But not all subjects must be arranged in the center of the picture, which is dull and does not meet the aesthetic requirements. Regarding the position of the subject in the picture, the common method is to draw the picture as a "well" and put the subject at any intersection of the well.

Accompanying body of landscape photography

Accompanying body refers to other scenery after determining the subject. Accompaniment is the second in the picture, but it is extremely important to highlight the role of the main body in the picture. Mainly plays the role of setting off the subject and assisting the subject to complete the task of expressing the author's feelings; In addition, if possible, it is necessary to beautify the picture, unify the tone, express the atmosphere and depth space, and cover up some shortcomings. Therefore, the choice of partner should not be the same as the color, tone and shape of the subject, but should be different. The relationship between subject and companion is contradictory and interdependent.

Depth of field of landscape photography

The scene forms a relatively clear image on the photosensitive material, and the longitudinal depth of the clear scene range is called the depth of field. The larger the aperture, the shorter the depth of field; The smaller the aperture, the longer the depth of field. The longer the focal length of the lens, the shorter the depth of field; The shorter the focal length, the longer the depth of field. The closer the shooting distance, the shorter the depth of field; The farther you shoot, the longer the depth of field. To sum up, when shooting natural scenery, the most effective method is to use a short focal length lens (wide-angle lens) and a small aperture (F 1 1, F 16, F22) to shoot distant scenery (about two meters), so as to get the Quan Jingshen to the greatest extent.

Aerial perspective of landscape photography

Aerial perspective refers to the phenomenon that the details of distant objects are blurred. The greater the distance between the photographer and the scene, the thicker the air layer that the light of the scene needs to penetrate. The distant scenery seems to be immersed in a misty fog, and aerial perspective will blur the distant scenery. However, it is this visual phenomenon that is clear near and fuzzy in the distance that provides a deep sense of space for our photos. It is also by using this visual phenomenon that photographers have taken photos of landscapes with three-dimensional spatial effects.

Photometry is the basis of exposure.

In the face of different scenery and different light irradiation directions, the photometric methods used are also different. When we want to know the reflectivity of an object, we should use reflection photometry; If we want to know the intensity of sunlight or skylight, we should use incident photometry. No matter which photometry method is used, it is the relative basis of exposure value, and this value is not necessarily the most correct. The correct exposure value should be based on the comprehensive analysis of weather, season, lighting area and photometric reference point.

Using the shutter speed and aperture size of the camera, a certain amount of light is refracted to the photosensitive material through the lens. This process is exposure.

Exposure value needs to be corrected when taking high-profile and low-key photos. The so-called high-profile photos are photos with clear colors. Most of the picture is occupied by light white tones, and the image is only an image of light composed of intermediate tones. In order to get high exposure photos, it is generally necessary to increase the exposure level on the basis of the measured exposure value. The so-called low-key photography means that most of the pictures are dark, with only a small amount of midtones and strong light. When taking a low-key photo, one exposure is generally less than the actual measurement of exposure value. This is the practical application of the exposure principle of "white plus black minus" in shooting. In addition to the tone of the picture, the depth of the subject color also applies to this principle. ? Not all works need accurate exposure, and the amount of exposure depends entirely on our understanding of things and the effect we want to express.

The light in the same direction as the camera shooting is called smooth light.

Because the front of the subject is evenly illuminated and the shadow of the scene is cast behind, there are few shadows in the picture taken along the light, and the front is often brighter. The level of the picture is mainly conveyed by the brightness difference or tone relationship of the subject itself.

The light whose direction is about 90 degrees from the camera shooting direction is called sidelight, and the scenery illuminated by sidelight has obvious contrast between light and shade. This kind of light can well show the administrative, three-dimensional and texture of the shooting scene, and the light and shadow structure is clear and strong.

The general rule is: when shooting in sidelight, spot metering should be carried out in the highlight part of the scene, and on this basis, half-level exposure should be added. ? The light whose irradiation direction is perpendicular to the shooting direction of the camera is called top light. This kind of light usually appears around noon. The top light actually belongs to the category of side light, but the projection direction of light is from bottom to top, and the upper part of the scene will be brighter and the lower part will leave a thick shadow. ?

Shoot the scenery with backlight

Backlight photography can well express the three-dimensional sense of the scene, and at the same time, it can show a strong air perspective effect, making the picture very tonal and layered. Backlight shooting will cause a large shadow in the foreground, which is an important factor in the darkening effect of the picture, and dark background is an ideal means to deceive others.

Backlight photography is also one of the methods often used in landscape photography. In addition to using the light and shadow effect when backlighting, sometimes we also put the sun, the light source of backlighting, into the picture, especially in the morning or evening. At this time, it is necessary to consider the brightness of the light source. The best shooting time is that the sun is not bright or dazzling, and the color is duck egg yellow. The photos taken at this time are warm and saturated, and the contrast of the scenery is not strong.

Shoot the scenery with scattered light

Light scattering refers to the phenomenon that the light emitted by the light source is blocked and interfered before reaching the ground scenery. In nature, when sunlight meets thick clouds in the atmosphere, it is reflected, refracted and absorbed in the clouds because of the obstruction of cloud materials, and finally the light passing through the clouds becomes scattered light.

Area light means that a certain area of the scene is illuminated by light.

This kind of lamp is also called stage lamp, because a spotlight only moves with the protagonist on the stage, so it is named. This kind of light is often encountered in nature, especially in cloudy weather conditions. Due to the blocking of clouds, the sunlight cannot shine on the earth, but is divided into bundles of regional "stage light", and with the continuous movement of clouds, the regional light will also move.

Weak light refers to starlight, moonlight and weak sky light at night.

In landscape photography, the difficulty lies in using weak light as the main light source and accurately grasping the exposure time. Inexperienced people often get twice the result with half the effort or even get nothing. Only by mastering the law of day and night scenery photography can we realize all-weather scenery photography in the true sense.

Four heights of landscape photography art

"If learning landscape photography is compared to high jump, there are at least the following four heights: the first height: mastery of technology; The second height: the use of skills; The third height: the discovery and creation of photographic beauty; The fourth height: the formation of a unique artistic style. " The four heights of landscape photography are closely related. It can be said that technology is the foundation, skill is the means, and the creation of photographic beauty is the purpose, while the formation of unique style is the symbol of photographer's artistic maturity and the pursuit of higher-level photographic beauty. Without technology, there is no skill. Without technology and skill, there is no photographic creation. Without long-term creative practice, there will be no formation of personal unique style. "