The old man and the sea is a good word, a good sentence and an urgent paragraph! ! ! ~~~

In The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway wrote his classic sentence: "A man is not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as possible, but his spirit is invincible. "

Supplementary answer: If you read the following article, you will have a certain understanding of the good words and sentences in this work.

The content of The Old Man and the Sea is very simple. Hemingway chose simple vocabulary, simple sentence structure and simple logical relationship between sentences, showing a simple dignity. A man can be destroyed, but you just can't beat him. At first glance, it seems simple and clear, but after careful study, you will find that simple stories have inexhaustible connotations and extremely unique expressions. Let's talk about my own superficial understanding:

I. Structure

Hemingway is a writer famous for his conciseness. His The Old Man and the Sea fully embodies this feature in structural art, which is embodied in the cutting, layout and rhythm.

1, vertical structure

Hemingway has rich life experiences. He lived on the coast of Cuba for a long time in his later years and loved the sea, fishing and fishermen there, so he was very familiar with the life of professional fishermen. In order to fully express this feeling, he carefully tailored the novel. He once said that The Old Man and the Sea could have been a masterpiece with more than 1000 pages, and everyone in the fishing village could have written in it, including how they made a living, how they were born, how they were educated and how they raised their children. "But that's not what he wrote. He adopted a vertical structure, that is, among many fishermen, the old man is the hero of his novel, Santiago. He chose a very lovely child, Manorine, as his companion, the vast and far-reaching sea as the typical fishing environment for the old man, and the marlin he rarely met in his life as his opponent. The development of this series of plots was arranged in two days according to the natural time and space order, so many things were actually cut off, but on the one hand, it reflected the theme of his works: "People are not born to be defeated. You can destroy him as much as you can, but you can't beat him. " This is the "grace under pressure" embodied in the image of "tough guy" in his works. On the other hand, it well embodies the iceberg principle of his creation and makes readers understand the subtext implied in one-eighth of the story description. It turns out that the Santiago spirit praised by Hemingway is a kind of human spirit, and its significance lies in its tenacious willpower, courage to struggle and contempt for pain and death. "People are struggling for happiness and a life worth pursuing everywhere. They may not win, they must experience misfortune and setbacks, but just like this old man: a person who has the ability to make daily achievements and knows how to win will not be disappointed after the most serious setbacks. He is not pessimistic and disappointed, but continues to struggle. " ②

2, spoke layout

The whole time of the novel is very tight, and there are only four days before and after: the day before going out to sea, an old man came back from the sea as an introduction to let people around him appear one by one and explain their relationship with the old man: a child who loves him, Manorine, learns to fish with him; A pair of very selfish parents; A group of fishermen who respect him but can never understand him; A hotel owner who cares about him. Old people live in such a personality group. By contrast, he is obviously different from others. He is an optimistic, open-minded, experienced, confident, hardworking, brave, adventurous, simple and passionate Cuban fisherman. The whole layout is like this. A vast picture of life unfolds around the old people ―― land and sea, blue sky and daytime, old people and children, loneliness and reunion, struggle and peace, poverty and wealth, love and hate. From this layout, we not only see the living environment of the elderly, but also fully grasp their personality characteristics. Because every contact, confrontation and conflict is an important manifestation and full display of personality characteristics, it has played a huge role in shaping a true, touching and vivid image of the elderly. At the same time, this spoke structure can also produce clear clues, prominent centers and concise stories.

3. A sense of rhythm with different priorities

Hemingway once said when discussing the rhythm: "The book started slowly, but gradually accelerated the rhythm, which is unbearable. I always let the mood rise to the point where readers can't stand it, and then settle down so as not to prepare an oxygen shed for them. "

This novel gives people such a sense of rhythm. When the story begins to explain to us the relationship between the old man and the people around him, it is slow, and with the progress of the old man's navigation, the speed is gradually accelerated. When the old man confronted marlin and shark head-on, the speed reached the extreme. Especially when the fish are constantly struggling, fluctuating up and down, sharks are violently attacking, and the old man is very tired, readers are in high spirits and hold a sweat for the old man. When the fish calmed down a little, the old man took the opportunity to take a few breaths and relax. At the beginning of the fight, he became nervous again. It was not until the fish were completely driven away and the old man returned empty-handed that everything slowly returned to calm. This undulating rhythm highlights the difficult situation of the protagonist, enhances the artistic appeal of the work and plays a role in rendering the atmosphere.

Second, artistic techniques.

Hemingway said when commenting on The Old Man and the Sea: "... this is not a short story, nor a novella." The implication is that it is a novel and a masterpiece, that is, it is very rich in content. In order to fully express the content of the work, Hemingway paid special attention to richness in addition to accuracy, vividness and vividness when doing the artistic treatment of The Old Man and the Sea. He used that rich artistic technique to build a beautiful hundred flowers garden and planted all kinds of famous flowers and herbs, so that we can enjoy it all.

1, perfect care. The Old Man and the Sea pays great attention to the perfection of caring. The old man lives alone in a humble hut by the sea. At the dawn of the 85th day, he carried tools from here and was sent out to sea by his children. Two days later, at dawn, he sailed back to the seaside alone. Carrying tools, he entered the hut again, and the children came to see him first. This is the whole story, which forms a caring relationship in time, place, characters and props, and produces a perfect aesthetic feeling. This kind of care that echoes from beginning to end is not a simple repetition. It makes people think: every morning, the place is still a hut, the characters are still old people and children, and the utensils are still fishing tools. There seems to be no surprising change, but there are already different contents here: before going out to sea, the old man is full of energy and confidence; Children worry, pray and bless for the elderly; The old man's tools are intact; A hut is not important to the elderly. After coming back, the old man was exhausted and faced with a complete mental and physical collapse; Children cry for the old man's injury, rejoice at his return, and be glad to continue to learn skills from him in the future; The fishing tools used by the elderly as combat weapons are incomplete; At this time, the hut has become a place that the old man sincerely yearns for. It can be seen that great changes have taken place in essence before and after. Using this kind of care, the thinking is clear, which is helpful to grasp the work comprehensively and intensively, and has a strong sense of integrity.

2. Attractive suspense. Hemingway set two suspense at the beginning of The Old Man and the Sea: the old man didn't catch a fish for 84 days in a row, and he was going to continue fishing on the 85th day. He is unfortunate, ie his children's parents think so of him. So, can he catch a big fish? When the old man thinks that his strength may be exhausted, he thinks that he has confidence and know-how. An "eccentric" old man like him will do everything well. So, what kind of confidence and know-how does he have? Where is his "eccentricity"? This is what readers are eager to know. This great attraction firmly leads you to find everything you want to know. Finally, after reading the work, you will get a satisfactory answer: the old man caught a huge fish on the 85th day, but he finally lost; His confidence is to overcome all difficulties and win the final victory; His trick is to deal with all the advantages of fish; His "eccentricity" is manifested in his indomitable and opinionated character. Suspense disappears with the development of the plot, and we can understand the overall spirit of the work, which makes suspense have an artistic effect.

3. Clever hints. When showing the image of the old man, the author used a very simple line drawing technique to roughly outline the appearance of the old man: "The old man has deep wrinkles on his back neck and looks thin and haggard. There are brown pimples on both sides of the face, which is a sarcoma caused by the reflection of sunlight on the tropical sea surface. A pimple has grown on both sides of the face. Because I always pull a big fish with a rope, both hands are deeply wrinkled, but none of them are new. Those scars are like corroded places in the desert without fish. " "Every part of him looks very old, except his eyes. Those eyes, as blue as the sea, are happy but not depressed. " This is the youth of the elderly. Although the book does not describe the happy life when the old things are light, we can still imagine that this has been hinted at when describing the furnishings in the elderly. "... on the brown wall made by flattening the leaves of seabirds with hard fibers, there is a colorful picture of Sacred Heart Festival and a portrait of the Virgin of Cobre, which are gifts from his wife. There used to be a color photo of his wife hanging on the wall. When he saw it, he felt very sad, so he took it down and put it under one of his clean shirts on the corner shelf. This implies that the old man gave us everything in the past: he once had a beautiful wife who believed in religion. They love each other, so happy and happy, maybe life is romantic. But unfortunately, his wife left him prematurely. What is the reason? Speaking of daily necessities for the elderly, the book says: except for a book, a dining table and a chair, there is only an old military blanket left. The old military blanket is the product of war, which reminds people that in that cruel war era, the old man may have fought and participated in the war when he was young. This may be a souvenir from the war, and his happy life may have been destroyed by the war. Although there is no positive description of love and war in the book, we can think of these, which is not a hint.

4. The contrast is strong. The strength of the old man's character is gradually revealed in a series of conflicts such as unremitting going out to sea, catching marlin and fighting sharks. The marlin and the fierce shark are powerful and invincible generals in the sea, fearless and do whatever they want; However, the old man is old and weak, and he is alone in the face of such a powerful opponent. Confrontation and conflict are very fierce. The old man can finally beat back all the attackers, and this power cannot but be admired. This kind of struggle between the weak and the strong can strengthen the conflict of contradictions and more clearly highlight the deep-seated (strength) of the protagonist.

5. Love is in the scene, and the scene is harmonious. Hemingway seldom expresses his feelings directly in his works, but often expresses his feelings in the scenery, integrating the scenery and pouring all the inner feelings of the old man into the ever-changing scenery description. Generally speaking, every rise and fall of the sun coincides with the emotional changes of the elderly and coincides with the progress of fishing for the elderly. At dawn, the fish are ready to move, and the old man is waiting with confidence; At noon, the fish began to struggle violently, and the old man was in a very nervous state; In the evening, the fish is quieter and the old man can rest. This description shows no trace, and the situation naturally changes with the scene. From the specific details, it is a touching scene. For example, "the wind keeps blowing and turns slightly to the northeast, which he knows means that the wind will not calm down." The old man looked ahead, but he couldn't see the sails, the boat and the smoke from the boat. Only flying fish flew out of the bow and flew away in panic, and there were clusters of yellow Sargasso. He can't even see a bird. "This is a negative description of the scenery. There seems to be no scenery, but there is actually a scenery. How much the old man wants to see all this. He was so lonely, but he saw nothing, so he fell in love.

6. The application of painting and photography. The color of The Old Man and the Sea is mainly dim, which is consistent with its tragic theme. The oil paintings presented to us by the author are based on the colors of sea black, dark black and deep blue, with a deep sense of shadow, which highlights the spotlight effect, makes the main image bright and eye-catching and produces a three-dimensional sense; At the same time, the contrasting white clouds and snow peaks are chosen far from the sea, with bright colors and eye-catching feeling; Choose the vibrant green coast and light blue hills as the sideline of the sea to produce a soft feeling; The colorful light column is selected as the central color of the sea, which has a strong reflective effect, and the whole picture suddenly becomes bright, and the dark color turns to the middle color, resulting in a lively and lively feeling; Coupled with the reflection of the moon, the flight of birds and the hovering of eagles, an exquisite fishing map is formed, which is also in harmony with the difficult fishing style of the elderly, plays a role in rendering, achieves perfect unity and shows the personality characteristics of the elderly.

In addition, the visual image produced by The Old Man and the Sea has a strong sense of picture, which is inseparable from the author's application of some film techniques. At the beginning of the work, close-ups were used to show the sails and the old man's face. The close-up is best reflected in the details of the old man's fish food: "One fish food is sent to a depth of 40 inches, the second fish food is sent to a depth of 75 inches, and the third and fourth fish ambassadors are sent to the places under the sea 100 inch and 125 inch respectively." The action of releasing the fishing line one by one is so careful and true. The field of vision shows the whole picture, that is, a nautical fishing map. The inner monologue in The Old Man and the Sea replaced the dialogue. As the old man went out to sea alone, he had to talk to himself. Just like the voiceover effect in the movie. The montage splicing technique is also used properly here, which shows that when the old man was very tired, in order to increase his confidence, he recalled the scene of winning an arm-wrestling contest with one of the most powerful black dock porters in a pub when he was young. This splicing is natural and appropriate, and he has the premise of existence: this is the game he thought of when his left hand was cramped and his right hand was injured, which accords with the psychology of the old man at this moment, so it is reasonable to have such an association. This makes the story coherent and unified, and also increases the capacity.

Third, it contains profound connotations.

1. Praise and eulogize the indomitable spirit of the tough guy through the spirit and destiny of the old man expressed in his works. Hemingway skillfully embedded this theme in the story, which promoted the theme he wanted to express to a higher symbolic position, gained eternal life and sublimated the reader's aesthetic sense.

2. By reading The Old Man and the Sea, we can understand Hemingway's view of man and nature, and we can get the enlightenment that the laws of nature are irresistible to human beings, who can use and transform nature, but can't conquer it.