Why is Zitong Palace in Jingzhou called Zitong Palace?

As can be seen from the couplets of Zitong Palace in Jingzhou, Zitong Palace was built to commemorate Emperor Wenchang: "First help Zhou conquer the world, then save the world for the emperor."

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Zhang Yazi, Emperor of Wenchang

Yuexi is the birthplace of Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang, and also the hometown of Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang. It has far-reaching influence and a long history. According to incomplete statistics, there are thousands of Wenchang palaces, attics and halls all over China, all over the mainland and Southeast Asia.

According to the records of Yuexi Pavilion, "Zhang Yazi was born at the age of 71 in the home of Zhang and his wife in Lu Lin ditch of Zhongsuo, and studied hard to become a god". Often ride-"Donkey" (Wenchang's mount, the legend is "four unlike") to travel around the world, give lectures and travel. There used to be scenic spots such as "Zifu Feixia Cave" and "Shangmashi" on Jinma Mountain in western Vietnam. The stone on the horse is engraved with the words "Wenchang Scenic Area". In addition, the inscription "Spring Moon" is said to be a book written by God. The emperor's resting place also has an inscription: "Golden Que incarnate" to keep the spring flowing and the moon bright.

The birthplace of Zhang Yazi-Zhongsuoshui Town

In ancient times, an ancient tree grew on the cliff near Guanyin Spring, with flowers like peach blossoms, purples in spring and emerald green in autumn, covering the pool. People call this kind of tree "Snow Brawly". It is said that after the branches are broken, they bring out pulpy juice, which is very strange. There is also an inscription on the stone cliff of the tree, "The scenery is clear."

Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang, once left footprints on the stone he stepped on, which is said to be the imprint left by stepping on the stone.

Zitong, another temple in Wenchang, also has many records about Zhang Yazi. As recorded in Wenchang Culture Book, Biography of Qinghe and Biography of Wenchang, Zhang Yazi was born in Yuexi, was born in the third day of February in the eighth year of Jin Taikang (287), and then lived in Zitong. He taught and advised goodness for decades until his death. Therefore, Zitong became the second hometown of Zhang Yazi, a good scholar from western Vietnam.

Emperors of all dynasties respected Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang. Xuanzong Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came to Sichuan to escape the Anshi Rebellion, and all the soldiers fell ill because of acclimatization. Tang Xuanzong was in a hurry. In the evening, I dreamed that Zhang Yazi had a prescription for treating diseases and cured the army. Xuanzong Xuanzong named Zhang Yazi as the "left prime minister" and "king of economic peace" and bowed down to Zhang Yazi with ten thousand percent respect. From then on, Zhang Yazi was worth a hundred times, and was respected by the world as the same as Confucius. Therefore, there is a saying that there is Confucius in the north and Wenchang in the south.

Later, the emperors of Song Dynasty named Zhang Yazi as "Wu Xiaode who is loyal to the monarch and gentle", "King of Great Britain" and "Wu Wensheng Xiaode who is loyal to the monarch and god".

Zhongsuo water town-bird's eye view of development

In the Yuan Dynasty, Injong also named Zhang Yazi "Emperor Hongren of Fuyuan Hua Kai Wenchang Lu Si".

The Ming and Qing dynasties also greatly praised Wenchang. Scholars all over the world go to Wenchang Temple. And built a large number of Wenchang ancestral temples for grand sacrifices.

Taoism also combined the star god in the sky with Zhang Yazi, and named Zhang Yazi Wenchang Emperor, which belongs to the satellites in the Twenty-eight Nights. It is said that Zhang Yazi is a master of "Yunwen" and "Sike Opera". The era when Taoism and Zhang Yazi became one should be the Song Dynasty. At that time, Taoism was large-scale, and people respected God and despised Buddha. Later generations also overlapped the snake god, dragon god and Wenchang emperor, making Wenchang emperor a god who influenced the whole country and was in charge of human destiny.

In history, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism worshipped Zhang Yazi very much, and wrote a lot of works in the name of Emperor Wenchang. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 80 works and hundreds of kinds. Many of these classics are poems that persuade people to be kind and eager to learn.

Qingshiqiao-the center of water town

On the right side of the Confucian Temple in western Vietnam, there used to be Wenchang Palace. In Jinma Mountain, the hometown of Wenchang Emperor, Zitong Palace was once dedicated to Zhang Yazi, Wenchang Emperor. Whether there is a mystery between Zitong Palace in western Vietnam and Zitong County in Mianyang remains to be verified.

On the day of worshipping Wenchang in western Vietnam, there are three sacrifices a year, spring and autumn sacrifices, to welcome God. The date of meeting the gods is from the 12th to 18th of the first month, and the first and second days are the day of meeting the gods and sending them away. The Spring Festival is an important festival for Emperor Wenchang. On February 3rd every year, it is said that it is Zhang Yazi's birthday, and an official ceremony is usually held. Mid-Autumn Festival is held on August 1st every year. According to legend, it was the day when Wenchang became a positive fruit.

According to local elders, Wenchang Palace, Zitong Palace, is a magnificent building with a long history. In front of the palace, three ancient poplars stand. The trunk is very hard. It takes three people to hug each other to cross, and the branches are winding and graceful. The palace gate enters the Kuixing Building and passes through the tunnel. There are three halls on the winding stairs, which are resplendent and magnificent. The carved panes on the temple doors are exquisite and luxurious. In the center of the main hall is a gilded statue of Emperor Wenchang, and on both sides of the emperor are statues of "deaf in heaven" and "dumb in earth". There is a hole on the top of Zitong Palace called Zitong Feixia Cave. According to the records of Yuexi Pavilion: "It was opened by Dog Wood and Son in Song Dynasty." It is the place where Emperor Wenchang practiced. In addition, Wen Zu Temple and Kannonji in Yuexi City are related to Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang. This is because Emperor Wenchang is the natural enemy of the plague by doing good deeds and accumulating virtues, applying drugs and benefiting the people.

Everything in the world is afraid of seriousness. I looked up some information. Can I draw a conclusion from the above article: Zhang Yazi is Wenchang Emperor, and Wenchang Pavilion was built to commemorate Wenchang Emperor! At the same time, Zitong is also the second hometown of Zhang Yazi, a good scholar in western Vietnam, so Zitong Palace is also built to commemorate Wenchang Emperor! It can be said that Wenchang Pavilion and Zitong Palace are both to commemorate Wenchang Emperor, but they are called by different names. In addition, it can be seen from the couplets of Zitong Palace in Jingzhou that Zitong Palace was built to commemorate Emperor Wenchang: "First, help Zhou conquer the world, then save the world for the emperor's birth and then Yi."

Zitong is the birthplace of Emperor Wenchang, and Qiqu Temple is the ancestral home of Wenchang in China.

On Qiqu Mountain in the north of Zitong, Sichuan, there is an ancient building formed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The pavilions of the main hall are resplendent and magnificent, and the main hall is dedicated to a tall iron statue with a dignified look and deep eyes. This is the famous Zitong Wenchang Emperor. Throughout the ages, all kinds of myths about Wenchang have been circulated everywhere, especially since the Tang Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties competed for the title of Wenchang, and Taoism also listed Wenchang as an altar. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, students from all over the country, wherever they study, should worship Emperor Wenchang. Wenchang culture, as one of the representatives of China traditional culture, has a far-reaching influence and is known as "Confucius in the north and Wenchang in the south".

First, the emergence of Wenchang Emperor

(1) Zitong God and Zhang Yazi

Zitong is named after "purple forest in the east and water in the west". It is also said that the Jade Emperor cut down catalpa trees in Toni Chen Shan, and the tree was deified as a boy to avoid being cut down by the Jade Emperor, hence the name. Zitong Tree God has no surname, but his first name is Yazi. Yazi Temple was built in Qiqu Mountain. Yazi is the legendary God of Thor and Snake. Duck Temple is the first temple in Zitong. In Jin Dynasty, Schumann yu zhang claimed to be the King of Shu in order to resist the invasion of Shu by Fu Jian before Qin Dynasty, and led the resistance. Later, he died in Mianzhu, and Shu people also built a temple in Qiqu Mountain in Zitong to commemorate him. Over time, people associate the name of the tree god with people's surnames, so there was the Zitong Emperor Zhang Yazi. According to legend, there was a rebellion of eight kings in Taikang Central Plains of the Western Jin Dynasty, and sixteen countries fought in melee, and there was no peace in the sky. There is a Bianqiang minority uprising in the southeast of Sichuan, and only Zitong and Jiange are slightly safe. Zhang Yazi, Bian Xiren, moved his family to Qiqu Mountain in Zitong to escape the war and lived in Shanban Temple in Qiqu Mountain. Zhang Yazi sought medical advice for the sick and taught children to read foolishly, which was deeply loved by the people. After his death, people did not offer sacrifices to him, calling him Zitong Shen Jun and Zitong Emperor. Shanban Temple is the earliest dedicated temple dedicated to Zhang Yazi in China, and later changed to Zhangxianggong Temple.

(2) The coincidence of Emperor Zitong and Emperor Wenchang.

The legendary wenchang star God Tusi has both fame and fortune. People's worship of the star god originated in ancient times.

From fishing and hunting to farming, people think that the stars are dominated by God. In the face of Wenchang Palace constellation, people worship and dance when they see the brilliance of wenchang star, which is considered as a good omen for promotion and knighthood. When they saw the darkness in wenchang star, they were all gray and fearful, and had a premonition that disaster was about to happen. Even emperors, dignitaries and officials believed in it. Since the early Tang Dynasty, scholars who are keen on fame think that Wenchang Palace constellation is mysterious and far away from Hehan. They earnestly hope that wenchang star will descend from the sky, so that they can offer sacrifices at any time, contact their feelings and seek asylum. Taoism lost no time in creating a public opinion that Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Zitong, was a descendant of Zhang Yi. He stayed for two nights and the Jade Emperor put him in charge of Wenchang Palace. In Shao Xiyuan of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Yazi was first named as "Wenchang Emperor", which made Zitong Emperor coincide with wenchang star, the star god of the ancient Central Plains, and became the first-class comprehensive god of the national emperor. Their duties are constantly changing, from the initial responsibility of managing human life, disasters and literature to becoming the only god specializing in fame, literature and wealth.

However, it is still three years before Zitong Emperor completely replaced the God of wenchang star in the Yuan Dynasty drama Yuan You. Yuan Renzong issued a decree that Zhang Yazi, the Zitong God, was named "Emperor of Silk Road Hongren who assisted Yuan Wenchang", named him "God of loyalty, filial piety, benefiting the people and righteousness", and named Ling Ying Temple in Qiqu Mountain as "Youwen Chenghua Temple". At this point, Zitong Emperor and Wenchang Emperor completely coincided, and Zhang Yazi became a great god worshipped by the world through historical integration. Zhang Yazi, the Wenchang Emperor, began to leave Bashu and enter the Central Plains. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wenchang Palace was built in all the learning palaces in the world, and the statue of Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang, was carved. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, King Zhang of Daxi and Zhang Yazi jointly recognized their ancestors, Zhang Yazi was named "Emperor Zugao", and Wenchang Palace in Qiqu Mountain was recognized as a writer's temple, commonly known as the ancestral temple. Since then, Qiqushan Temple has become the ancestral home of Wenchang Palace in the world.

Second, the formation of Wenchang culture

The formation process of Wenchang culture is divided into three stages:

(A) the stage of nature worship (about Qin and Han Dynasties to Sui Dynasty)

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Central Plains region has entered the era of farming, while the ancient Zitong region, like the vast areas in the southwest, is still in the era of hunting and animal husbandry. At that time, Shu County was inhabited by people, and it was still in the gradual process of primitive totem belief, experiencing an era of no distinction between man and beast and no distinction between man and god. This primitive totem worship focused on the gods who sacrificed, so Zhang Yazi worshipped Raytheon, tree gods, snake gods and human gods at that time. In this process, a large number of myths and legends appeared, and the ancient custom of offering sacrifices to the primitive totem of the Miao nationality appeared. At the same time, the establishment of a good temple to worship the child god has begun to sprout, which is also the beginning of temple fair culture. All these phenomena reveal a primitive cultural atmosphere. This is the initial stage of the formation of Wenchang culture, and it is also an ancient feature of Wenchang culture, especially with unique national folk customs.

(B) Taoist worship stage (Tang to Song)

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhang Yazi, Emperor Zitong, was constantly pursued by feudal emperors. In the 15th year of Tang Tianbao (755), during the Anshi Rebellion, Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was lucky in Shu, staying at Langdangyi (also known as Shangtingbao) in Zitong for one night, and passing by Zhangxianggong Temple in Qiqu Mountain the next day, he met Zhang Yazi, who had a dream of Masako and was posthumously named as the left prime minister. In the first year of Guangming (988), Huang Chao occupied Chang 'an, and Li Xian of Tang Xizong also fled to Xishu in a hurry, following the example of Xuanzong, the first emperor, and visited Zhang Yazi, the left prime minister, in Qiqu Mountain, and made him King Jishun, changing Zhang Xianggong Temple into Qiqu Temple. In the Song Dynasty, the gift to Zhang Yazi reached its peak: in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin named Zhang Yazi King Wu Xiaode and St. Wen Ren; In the third year of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Zhenzong Zhao Heng named Zhang Yazi the king of heroes. In the tenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao Gou named Zhang Yazi filial piety of Wu Wensheng, a loyal god, and changed Qiqu Temple to Ling Ying Temple, which was rebuilt in the form of a palace. In the fifth year of Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yun of Song Lizong acceded to the throne, and named Zhang Yazi as a loyal, literate, brave, filial and benevolent sage.

Taoism was introduced into Zitong from the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and Zhang Yazi was highly respected. According to legend, Zhang Yazi is a disciple of the original Buddha, one of the three realms of Qing Dynasty, and he is the master of thirty-three immortals. He lived a long and happy life among his masters and was reincarnated in eighteen layers of hell. They kept giving him titles and gave him a 254-word holy name. They claimed that the Jade Emperor put Zhang Yazi in charge of Wenchang Mansion and the official history of the world, and also listed Qiqu Mountain where Zhang Yazi practiced as one of the 40 scenic spots in the Taoist cave, and named the five generations of Zhang Yazi's family, as well as the deaf, dumb and Baite people. Taoist believers also wrote a lot of works by helping Luan put pen to paper, which not only mythologized Zhang Yazi's life experience, but also accumulated Wenchang culture.

At the same time, Buddhism is not far behind. According to legend, Zhang Yazi, the Emperor of Zitong, practiced Yin, taking loyalty and filial piety as the foundation and benefiting people and things as the heart. After working for 30 years, he proved himself to be a fairy. Later, because of regret, he went to Shuzhong to return to Tathagata, and was named "Bodhisattva" and later named "Buddha Town".

This period is the growth and development stage of Wenchang culture, and the folk sacrificial activities are rich and colorful. Emperor Wenchang was respected by Taoism, admired by Confucian scholars, and rewarded by Buddha Sakyamuni, and truly became a great god respected by Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, which is rare in the history of Chinese immortal belief. However, at this stage, Wenchang culture is not very mature. Due to the direct participation of Taoism and folk, Wenchang culture embodies obvious religious and folk characteristics, and also reflects the local cultural atmosphere of the strong people in the western Sichuan border.

(C) Wenchang worship stage (Yuan, Ming and Qing)

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Zhang, a peasant leader, entered Bashu, joined with Zhang Yazi, the emperor of Wenchang, and made Zhang Yazi the "Emperor of Zugao", and recognized the writer temple of Wenchang Palace in Qiqu Mountain, commonly known as the ancestral temple. Since then, Qiqushan Temple has become the ancestral home of Wenchang Palace in the world. In the Yuan Dynasty, many scholars and Confucian scholars also wrote a lot of works with the help and love of Zhang Yazi, which contributed to Zhang Yazi's fame. At this time, Wenchang culture has matured, and the religious color of Wenchang has faded. It is more a symbol of pursuing cultural prosperity, worshipping Wenchang ethics, advocating filial piety, literature and art, ancient architecture sculpture, music painting, traditional Chinese medicine, temple fair sacrifice, folk customs, etc., and has become an important content for people to travel, purify their hearts, express their feelings and conduct cultural entertainment.

Wenchang culture inherits Taoist culture, but it is different from Taoist culture. It is directly nourished by Confucianism and influenced by Buddhist culture. After absorption and digestion, it has formed its own style. Wenchang culture downplayed the theory of "cultivating immortals" and replaced it with the ideal pursuit of life of "benefiting civil affairs, cultivating good music and saving the country and the people"; Confucianism, represented by the scholar-bureaucrat class, put forward the benevolent policy of "ruling the country and leveling the world", while Wenchang culture, represented by ordinary people, emphasized the fair politics of "loyalty to the monarch and filial piety, respect for brothers and friends, and never forgetting personal reasons"; Wenchang culture also advocates "nurturing gentleness", "supporting the family" and "learning Confucianism", and preaches the preaching that accumulated goodness can make a scholar. Wenchang culture has both the genes of ancient frontier culture and Zitong folk custom. Born out of Taoist culture, it is full of Confucian characteristics and Buddhist implications. Self-contained, unique, religious, Confucian, Chongwen and secular. Wenchang culture is a wonderful flower of Bashu culture, unparalleled in the world, and a huge and precious cultural heritage and spiritual wealth.

Third, the content of Wenchang culture.

In order to facilitate learning and understanding, we divide it into six aspects from the nature and characteristics:

1. Ethics includes persuasion, filial piety and prudence;

2. Imperial examination education includes persuasion, strategy and cherishing words as gold;

3. Folklores include Wenchang Sacrifice Sweeping, Meeting God and Temple Fair;

4. Literature and art include literature, classical music, painting, sculpture and architecture;

5. There are incantations, runes, and help to write;

6. Medicine includes health care and medical treatment.

Fourth, the cultural relics of Wenchang Dixiang.

The main hall of Wenchang Palace, Kuixing Building, Guixiang Hall, Qisheng Palace, Wenzu Hall, Baxter Hall, Wind Tunnel Building.

Jiaqingtang Tianzundian Observatory Guandi Temple Lingguan Real Estate Tuo Shi Dian Jin Bai

Mengying Xiantai Tinglei Temple Ancient Shudao Site Wudingquan Publishing House Fatai.

It is in this rich Taoist culture and unique regional characteristics that Sendai established the Taoist temple, and I was fortunate to visit him after exploring the historical footprint.