What psychology can analyze a person through language?

"Language understanding" is a key point in psycholinguistics, and its research contents include: (1) speech perception; (2) vocabulary extraction; (3) sentence processing; (4) Text comprehension. In short, it is to study how people understand language. Firstly, speech perception involves seven aspects: speech perception research methods, speech perception conditions, speech signal generation and acoustic characteristics of speech, vowel and consonant recognition, continuous speech recognition, written language recognition and speech perception model. The research method of language perception is to use the "vocoder" invented by H. Dudley (1939) to record and analyze the output information of language. Later, the principle of making "tape recorder" promoted the appearance and development of "spectrogram". This is a product of World War II, which is specially used to analyze language signals according to the distribution of sound frequency. In the sixties and seventies, influenced by acoustic phonetics and pronunciation phonetics, "EMG" and "EMG" appeared again, which were used to record the voltage changes caused by muscle contraction and the air flow changes in the oral cavity and nasal cavity. Of course, the latest research method is "cinematography", which is used to record the dynamic changes of pronunciation. In the study of language perception conditions, "context" is the most important condition that affects speech perception. The research on the generation of language signals is mostly related to "acoustic characteristics" and "recognizing vowel consonants". This is a complex study, which is a study of "phoneme" listening and distinguishing in English. Another field of language sense research is the study of "written language understanding". This involves visual perception, letter recognition, word meaning determination, information memory and information organization exploration. Of course, the most important field of language perception research is the study of "speech perception model". So far, Lieberman (1967, 1970) and his colleagues put forward the motor theory, and Stevens (1960) put forward the "comprehensive analysis model" and "comprehensive model". 1987, 1989), "FuzzyLogicalModel", "CohortModel" and "Elman, 1984, 1986" proposed by Maslen and Wilson. Secondly, in the research of vocabulary extraction, its exploration mainly The study of vocabulary extraction is inseparable from the analysis of the basic elements of words, because the basic elements of words are directly related to the meaning of words. The research methods of mental lexicon are directly related to the study of language understanding and are an important part of the study of language understanding. There are three main research methods of mental vocabulary: reaction time experiment, naming/vocabulary extraction and speech error analysis. Among them, "speech error analysis" and "naming" are the two most important methods to study vocabulary extraction. People can find out how people understand the meaning of words or extract language information through the analysis of speech errors such as "mouth phenomenon", "word transposition" and "gaffe". In the study of the factors affecting vocabulary extraction and organization, the research mainly focuses on three aspects: lexical effect, semantic effect and contextual effect. The research of vocabulary extraction model is a fruitful research. Up to now, the "SerialSearchModels" represented by the "automatic search model" of Foster (1976) and the "parallel extraction model" represented by Morton (1969, 1979) have been studied. In particular, Morton's "vocabulary generation model" provided important thinking clues for the study of vocabulary extraction in the later study of "vocabulary activation". In addition, another parallel extraction model is connectionism model. This is an important theory put forward by connectionists in psychology, philosophy and computer science to explain vocabulary extraction. Connectionism holds that the final understanding of a word is completed from the incremental connection of information input → features → letters → words. In addition to the connectionist model, there is also an auditory word recognition model called CohortModel. Maslen and Wilson (1987) proposed that when a person hears a word, all phonetic neighbors of the word will be activated. Of course, no matter which theory, it is difficult to apply to explain the whole complex process of language understanding. However, the "activation" theory emphasized by each "model" is still a subject of universal significance, which deserves further study and exploration. Thirdly, sentence understanding is an important part of language understanding research. The research in this field can be divided into: (1) the nature of sentence structure; (2) Syntactic processing; (3) Sentence decomposition and syntactic ambiguity; (4) Sentence decomposition model; (5) Language processing and memory; (6) The processing mode of sentence comprehension. Psycholinguists believe that people can understand language because the information receiver and the information exporter have the same grammatical rules or "conventions" in their minds. However, the study of sentence understanding is not so simple, it also involves the surface structure and deep structure of sentences. Take the sentence "it's stoodhere" said by A as an example. If B understands the literal meaning of a sentence, then he probably doesn't understand the true meaning of A. Therefore, syntactic processing is the second issue discussed by psycholinguistics in language understanding. The study of syntactic processing involves four issues: the relationship between surface structure and deep structure, the relationship between linguistic competence and pragmatic competence, the decomposition of sentence structure and the processing of clauses. This paper mainly discusses how people understand complex sentences and their meanings through syntactic processing. In the study of sentence decomposition and syntactic ambiguity, psycholinguists focus on "local ambiguity" and "permanent ambiguity". Because the fuzziness of language is the essential feature of artificial language, it has become a great means of psycholinguistics to study the understanding method of fuzzy sentences by using "sentence decomposition model" In the research of decomposing fuzzy sentences, J.B. Claeson (1998) divides its models into two types: one is "garden path model" and the other is "demanding perfect model". The garden path model discusses the understanding process of sentences with the principle of "structure first" or "vocabulary first". However, to understand sentences correctly, sentence memory is also an important part. In this respect, psycholinguists pay attention to three aspects: the memory of meaning and surface structure, semantic reasoning and sentence memory, proposition and sentence memory. Of course, in order to understand how people remember language information, "the processing model of sentence understanding" is the basis of studying language understanding. Up to now, there are "perceptual strategy" proposed by Fodor (1974), "non-conversion strategy" proposed by Bever (1970), "seven principles of syntactic analysis of surface structure" proposed by kimball (1973) and "seven principles of syntactic analysis of surface structure" proposed by Fraise Ze. In particular, Kimball's "7 Principles" (23) basically summarizes the general process and research ideas of sentence understanding. Fourthly, the study of "discourse comprehension" can be basically summarized into three aspects: (1) the study of discourse coherence and comprehension strategies; (2) the study of discourse memory; (3) Discourse processing research. As far as the study of discourse coherence is concerned, Halliday &; Hasan, 1976) has become a major topic in the study of discourse coherence. Jackie Mick and Gruenberg (Jakimik &; Glenberg, 1990) also regards "up-pointing" and "down-pointing" as important prerequisites for language understanding in the study of speech perception. However, both "up-pointing" and "down-pointing" are about the close relationship between sentences and discourse coherence. In the study of discourse comprehension strategies, Clark &; Hyland(Clark & amp； Haviland, 1977) puts forward "known/unknown strategy", "direct matching strategy", "bridging strategy" and "reviewing known information strategy" as important thinking clues to discuss discourse understanding. As for the exploration of discourse memory, the "organizational planning framework" of human cognitive system put forward by bartlett (1932) still affects the study of discourse memory in psycholinguistics. He believes that memory is active, creative and planned. As far as discourse memory is concerned, "proposition" and "reasoning" have become the center of research. Psycholinguists believe that not only topic recognition and sentence combination are closely related to text memory, but also text understanding is helpful to text memory. In the study of discourse processing, "discourse processing mode" has become the core content of discourse understanding research. Such as "context mode", "connectionism mode" and "construction combination mode", all explain the process of discourse understanding from various angles.