What are the camera gradient lenses?

Ultraviolet color filter

Uv filter, also called UltravioletFilter, can weaken the blue tone caused by ultraviolet rays, prevent UVa and UVb from entering the lens to affect the imaging, help improve the image clarity and color effect, and protect the lens surface from damage.

When choosing a good UV filter, the first thing to look at is the transmittance. The higher the transmittance, the higher the quality of the filter. Secondly, try to choose ultra-thin borders to avoid dark corners and affect imaging; Finally, try to choose multi-layer coated UV, because UV mirrors with no coating or poor coating are prone to glare when shooting in backlight, which will affect the imaging quality.

Circular polarizer

CPL filter, also called circular polarization, mainly filters polarized light reflected from nonmetallic surfaces. When the CPL mirror rotates, it can make the sky bluer, the leaves greener and the clouds whiter, increase the color saturation, and also reduce the soft focus caused by the large aerosol in the landscape photos, but it does not change the color balance of the whole picture.

When choosing a good CPL filter, it should be noted that there is no color shift after the lens is installed, and it can be clearly focused at the wide-angle end and the telephoto end. Try to choose multi-layer coating, and at the same time, the frame is ultra-thin to avoid dark corners and affect the shooting effect.

Gradient mirror

GradualchangeFilter generally has three colors: gradient grey mirror (GC-GRAY), gradient blue mirror (GC-BLUE) and gradient orange mirror (GC-ORANGE). The function of the gradient mirror is only on one side, and it has no effect on the photo on the other. The gradient grey mirror balances the exposure difference between the sky and the earth, the gradient blue mirror can turn the gray sky into blue, and the gradient orange mirror can make the sunset monochrome effect better.

When choosing a good gradient lens, it should be noted that there is no dark corner at the wide-angle end after the lens is installed, and the imaging is impartial.

Reducing mirror

NeutralDensityFilter is also called medium gray density mirror. The main purpose of using neodymium mirror is to prevent overexposure. If the light is too bright, it is difficult to choose a slower shutter speed. At this time, the ND mirror is used to reduce the light entering the lens, and a slower shutter can be used for shooting, which is suitable for shooting flowing water and night scenes.

When buying a subtracter, you should learn to calculate the exposure time after adding a neodymium mirror. Assume that the shutter speed of normal exposure without adding Nd mirror is t, and the exposure gate speed =T*x under the same setting, and this x is the number marked on Nd mirror. For example, the original exposure time is1125 seconds, and after adding the ND400 subtractor, the exposure time becomes 3.

There is a special filter in the photographic filter series: gradient mirror. As the name implies, the gradient mirror is a filter whose color changes from dark to light. At present, most of these filters on the market are "Gaojian" brands, and domestic products include "Natural".

There are three main colors of gradient lenses, one is a medium gray gradient lens, one end is gray and the other end is colorless, which gradually changes from top to bottom until it is completely transparent. This kind of filter has a wide range of uses. Adding it can change the brightness contrast between the sky and the ground. For example, the sky is easily overexposed when shooting in backlight. Adding a medium gray gradient lens can reduce the brightness of the sky, and both the sky and the ground can be properly exposed, which can maximize the level details of the high and low light parts and effectively improve the image quality.

There are also two kinds of gradient lenses: orange gradient lenses and blue gradient lenses. Orange gradient lens is generally used to shoot sunrise and sunset scenes, and clouds and other colors in the sky are warm at sunrise and sunset. With this filter, the warm color of the sky can be enhanced. Because the sunshine before sunrise and before sunset is dazzling and bright, it is easy to cause overexposure and cannot be filmed normally. After adding the orange gradient lens, it can slow down the overexposure of the sun to a certain extent, and at the same time increase the chances of shooting the sunrise and sunset (adding the medium gray gradient lens has a similar effect). In addition, when shooting black and white film, the orange part of the orange gradient lens can obviously darken the blue sky, so it has the effect of highlighting the blue sky and white clouds without affecting the ground exposure, and also has the effect of adjusting the contrast. The following two pictures were taken in the same combination, and the picture with orange gradient lens appears thicker.

The structure of the blue gradient mirror is similar to that of the medium gray gradient mirror and the orange gradient mirror, and gradually changes from blue to colorless from top to bottom. After adding this filter, the blue part can increase the concentration of blue in the sky, and the ground part does not affect the exposure because the lens is colorless. Generally, the blue gradient lens is mainly used for color photography, especially when the sky blue is not strong enough, which can strengthen the blue tone.

What are the classifications of gradient lenses?

Gradient lenses can be divided into gray gradient lenses, various color gradient lenses and so on, and gradient lenses can be divided into screw-in and plug-in designs.

Because the plug-in gradient mirror is easy to change the angle and can change the gradient ratio by moving up and down, it is very popular with photographers. In addition to the gradient mirror, the external filter system also provides average motion filters such as ND and Star Mirror. The plug-in gradient lens can be fixed in front of the lens through a bracket, and multiple filters can be installed on the bracket for use together.

What's the difference between subtracter, gradient mirror and polarizer? What are their functions?

1, the reducing mirror is also called medium gray density mirror, neutral grey mirror or grey mirror and nd mirror for short, and its main function is to reduce the amount of light entering the camera. The reducing mirror plays a very important role in a good photo.

The role of reduction mirror: reduction mirror can bring more exposure means to your creation, turn day into night and expand creative space; It can "resist" a lot of scattered light. When shooting in rainy days, the color saturation of the picture can be improved, and the reduction of scattered light can make the picture look more transparent.

2. Gradient mirror, also known as [GND filter], is one of the most important filters in photographic art creation. It can be divided into gradient mirror and gradient diffusion mirror, and can be divided into soft gradient and hard gradient in gradient form. "Soft" means a large transition range, and vice versa, it means a small transition range, which should be chosen according to the creative characteristics.

The function of gradient mirror: the gradient mirror has a gradient effect on the photo; Many photographers will add a brown gradient lens when shooting cloudy and cloudy subjects to express nostalgia and moodiness. You can even use two color gradient filters at the same time to make the upper and lower parts of the photo appear different colors, making the photo more picturesque.

3. Polarizer, also called polarizer, referred to as PL mirror, is a kind of color filter. The achromatic function of polarizer is to selectively let the light that vibrates in a certain direction pass through, and it is often used to eliminate or weaken the strong reflection of non-metallic surface in color and black-and-white photography, thus eliminating or reducing the light spot.

Function of polarizer: Polarizer can effectively improve color saturation and contrast, because polarizer can absorb stray light reflected by fog or dust in the atmosphere in all directions, thus making the photographed image more pure.

Extended data:

The filtering function of the thinning mirror is non-selective, and the thinning ability of light with different wavelengths is equal and consistent; In other words, the antireflection mirror will not have any influence on the color of the original object, but also can truly reproduce the contrast of the scene (essentially, due to the process, the color temperature will still produce a small amount of deviation).

The gradient mirror has a gradient effect on the photo, and the filter only works on one side, and the other side has no effect on the photo. According to the purpose, the common gradient lenses are gray gradient lenses, blue gradient lenses, taupe gradient lenses, orange gradient lenses and so on.

The mechanism of filtering polarized light is different. Polarizers can be divided into circular polarizer (CPL) and linear polarizer (LPL), and their functions are the same.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Restore Mirror Image