X-ray generation principle

The principle of X-ray generation is that the accelerated electrons collide with the metal target. During the collision, the electrons suddenly decelerate, and the lost kinetic energy is released in the form of photons, forming a continuous part of the X-ray spectrum. By increasing the accelerating voltage, the energy carried by electrons increases, and the internal electrons of metal atoms are knocked out. So the inner layer forms a hole, and the outer layer electrons jump back to the inner layer to fill the hole, and at the same time emit photons with a wavelength of about 0. 1 nm.

X-rays are produced by the intense radiation of electrons. When high-energy electrons bombard metals, they can produce X-rays if their energy is high. Electron transitions within atoms can also produce x-rays. According to the theory of quantum mechanics, electrons will emit photons when they jump from high energy level to low energy level. If the energy difference between energy levels is large, they can emit photons in the X-ray band.

Extended data:

X-ray application

1, x-rays are used for medical diagnosis. Because X-rays are absorbed in different degrees when they pass through the human body, they carry the information of the density distribution of various parts of the human body, and the fluorescence or photosensitive intensity caused on the fluorescent screen or photographic film is quite different, so shadows with different densities will be displayed on the fluorescent screen or photographic film (after development and fixation).

2. The application of X-ray in treatment mainly depends on its biological effect. When X-rays with different energies are applied to the cell tissues of human lesions, the irradiated cell tissues can be destroyed or inhibited, thus achieving the purpose of treating some diseases, especially tumors.

3. Industrial field. X-rays can excite fluorescence, ionize gas and make photosensitive latex sensitive, so X-rays can be detected and studied in ionization meters, scintillation counters, photosensitive latex sheets and other fields. Crystal lattice structure can produce significant diffraction effect on X-ray, and X-ray diffraction method has become an important means to study crystal structure, morphology and various defects.

Baidu encyclopedia -X-ray