What kinds of lights are there in TV cameras?

What kinds of lights are there in TV cameras? What are the methods to adjust and use the position in TV camera shooting? Below I have arranged the introduction of three kinds of lights in TV cameras for you. Welcome to read!

Types of lamps in TV camera shooting

Cold light source lamp

Cold light source lamp, that is, SRGB constant tricolor soft light lamp, was first developed and produced by American VIEDSSENCE Company in the late 1980s, and has been widely used in TV studios all over the world.

SRGB lamp has the following characteristics: first, it almost only emits red, green and blue visible light, and its beam completely meets the color temperature requirements of the camera; Second, there is a special electron in the lamp? Equipment? It solves the problem that ordinary fluorescent lamps must produce flicker that is unacceptable to lighting technology, which is also the meaning of the letter S(SVSTAINED) in the SRGB trademark. Thirdly, it only emits visible light, and hardly emits light of other frequency spectrums such as infrared rays, so it hardly generates heat, which not only saves electricity but also reduces the ventilation volume of the air conditioner, and can save 90% of the total operating expenses of the studio; Fourth, the replacement cost of the lamp is also greatly reduced. The service life of the lamp is 65,438+00,000 hours. If small and medium-sized cinemas use 10 hours a day, it can be used for about 3 years, while the life of incandescent lamps is 200~300 hours.

Because the light of SRGB lamp is soft, it shines on people's faces very delicately, and the subject feels very comfortable. And the picture effect has a more? Natural? More? Soft? Effect, for TV viewers to provide the eyes and the audience to see the completely real effect.

This lamp can be used in small and medium-sized studios, such as news, economy, special topics and various columns, which are connected in series by the host. Several small studios in our station have installed or are in the process of renovating electro luminescent, and one of them is in trial operation.

effect light

Effect light generally refers to rows and pieces of bobbin lights on the stage or scene, as well as various new lights such as neon lights, fluorescent lights, walking lights and laser lights.

In addition, for example, 1996 won the 68th Academy Award for Technological Achievement? Strong discharge lightning effect lamp? , is a super power gas discharge lamp. A lamp with a diameter of 25mm and a length of 800mm can reach the luminous efficiency of 120kw in an instant. Its control method is very simple. One microswitch can start one or more discharge lamps, and multiple discharge lamps can discharge synchronously at the same time, with particularly excellent effect.

These new effect lights are suitable for the stage of the party, and they are directly placed in the picture and become a part of the picture content. These effect beams directly face the audience and are no longer projected on the environment and people. Therefore, we can see their bright lights and colorful colors on the screen, forming a beautiful landscape. People feel the charm of lighting art while enjoying the party.

Since the emergence of effect light, lights and light effects have entered the picture, and there are also lights in the picture, forming the three elements of TV evening picture appreciation composed of lights, scenery and people.

Computer lamp

Computer lamp is a new type of effect light which appeared in the early 1990s. At present, computer lights produced in Denmark, Italy and the United States are widely used in the world. The design of this lamp adopts new numerical control transmission, switching power supply technology and computer programming technology. Its characteristics are that on the one hand, many high and new technologies are used in the design and processing of optical devices, electronic components, color filter patterns and other devices, on the other hand, it can be controlled by centralized programming on a large scale.

The appearance of computer lights makes lighting art a dynamic, performing and multi-technical art form. The extensive use of computer lights in TV parties has injected vitality into the lights. Computer lights allow people to see the light beam directly through smoke; Through the lens, you can directly see the projection pattern of light; Through the color film, you can directly see the color of the light beam; The movement of the light beam can be directly seen through the shaking of the reflector or the lamp itself.

These functions of computer lamp, namely light beam, pattern, color and their changes and movements, constitute a new language element of lighting art, and the light beam moves freely and flies up and down in the picture. The position, figure and color of the light beam are constantly changing and combining, and can also change with the rhythm of music, forming colorful new landscapes and creating magnificent wonders. We can enjoy the whole performance of singing, dancing and lighting modeling changes in a larger space. There is scenery and light, light and dance, light and sound, sound and light. Gorgeous colors, rich changes, spectacular scenes and strong effects are beyond the reach of the dance performance itself. At the turn of the century? Celebrate the Millennium? Computer lights also contributed to the success of live broadcast of large-scale literary evenings.

Adjustment and application of lamp position

1. Determination of lamp position

Lighting engineers spend a lot of time adjusting the angle of lamps, that is, adjusting the direction of light. With the change of angle, the appearance of the subject gradually changes slightly. We are essentially dealing with a three-dimensional scene, but the position of space can be delineated in the corresponding horizontal and vertical directions. In order to explain and compare the different effects of light in different directions, first of all, the direction of light should be described digitally, so that lighting engineers can have a common language with sufficient accuracy and possibility of reproduction. Therefore, the horizontal clock face and the vertical clock face are used as the relative positions of the subject and the light. The camera is placed horizontally at 6 o'clock and vertically at 3 o'clock. The clock face contains an angle of 30 degrees per hour and 6 degrees per minute.

This standard is a simple and clear standard for the direction name of any light, and the position of any light can be located based on an imaginary horizontal clock face and vertical clock face centered on the subject. Because the various effects of light are always discussed here based on the camera orientation, the light near the camera lens is called? Zhengguang? No matter what direction the subject itself faces. Especially when shooting with multiple cameras, or when we choose a new viewpoint, it will remind us how the lighting effect changes with its direction. The light must always be evaluated based on the camera's specific viewpoint. If the light is projected from the back of the camera to the subject in a straight line, what is this light? Zhengguang? .

If the camera moves around the subject, so that the light is directly thrown in the direction of the camera, so that behind the subject, this beam of light becomes? Backlight? .

2. The basic function of lamp position

When the light comes from the camera lens position, it will make the modeling dull. When the light level rises, the eyes, nose and chin of the characters will have certain shadows. Although a certain degree of shadow is appropriate and can increase the texture of the characters, when the light becomes steep, there will be more and more shadows of the characters, and the lower part of the head will be hidden in the shadows. This lighting effect makes a person with a thin face look uglier than a person with a slightly fat face. The steeper the angle, the more people there are? Show old? . Tilting the head slightly or turning the head will change the length of the shadow and make the facial shape change accordingly. For example, when making our special program, in order to prevent wrinkles from appearing on people's faces, we should use relatively positive low-hard main light, weaken the contrast between light and shade, avoid oblique backlight protruding, and use some softer low auxiliary light. When a person's face is wide, use a hard main light on one side of the person to strengthen the contrast between light and shade, and use a direct backlight.

For people with narrow face, turn down the main light slightly close to the face, pay attention to the protruding degree of the nose, weaken the contrast between light and dark, and try to use bilateral side light. In addition, there is another situation, that is, the face of the character is too dull and the shape is not clear. In this case, we should pay attention to the use of hard and oblique high main light, strengthen the contrast between light and dark, use bilateral side light, and do not use close-range wide-angle lens to shoot at the camera position, so that the' theme characters and well-defined facial expressions' produced by the light are vivid and meet the requirements of the column. For another example, when shooting the stage program "Song of Xinning Summer", three-point lighting was used. Character lighting consists of three parts: main light, backlight and auxiliary light. The position of the backlight can be changed at will. It can be a light on the front and back, or one or two backlights on the side and back. Here, if the camera is not tilted and staggered, this rigid method sometimes produces good results.

3, the movement of light

When we move the front light next to the camera around the person being photographed, the basic effect of light direction still exists, but the specific shape of the person changes with the change of light position. At first, the short nose shadow gradually widened with the movement of the lamp position, and the face away from the lamp gradually became darker and darker. And the current light moves to 4? Near the 5 o'clock cross and the 7-8 o'clock cross, the shadow of the nose and the shadow of the cheek are connected until the other side of the face is completely hidden in the shadow. If we move a lamp to the side and above at the same time, it will have lighting characteristics in two directions. When we first illuminate the face, we pay attention to the shadows that become problems, especially the shadows of the nose and chin; And pay attention to the shadow is not prominent, which may flatten the light. It is a difficult problem for lighting designers to have beautiful and moving shapes and reduce some unnecessary shadows. In portrait lighting, no matter which part is illuminated, the image produced by a specific light direction is the same. Portrait lighting considers the position of the lamp in the area where effective lighting can be obtained.