How are middle schools divided when British and American pupils enter junior high schools?

From the summer solstice of 1992 to the summer solstice of 1993, I studied in Bispo, St. Louis, California, USA, and took "China Culture" as an elective course in morror Bay High School in this city, with 10 class every week. This experience made me know something about the American education system.

American education is divided into primary school, junior high school, senior high school and university education. The federal government does not directly participate in the management and operation of schools. All 50 states in the United States have their own independent education departments, and each state has its own guidelines for schools under its jurisdiction. In addition to tuition fees, state public universities can also receive financial support from the state government. State legislatures decide how to allocate taxes to schools under their jurisdiction.

The supervision of the school belongs to the school district where the school is located. Each school district is managed by the school board, and the members of the board are elected by the local community. The school district committee formulates general guiding policies for schools in the local school district. Students from primary school to high school (1- 12 grade) are free of tuition.

American primary education includes kindergarten education and primary education in grades 1-6. Most children over the age of 5 will go to kindergarten. After completing primary education, students will enter middle school or junior high school. The middle school system covers grades 6-8, and junior high school education includes grades 7-9. After finishing middle school or junior high school, students will enter senior high school. The academic system of senior high school includes grade 9- 12 or grade 10- 12.

American students take a wide range of courses in high school. English, mathematics, natural science and social science are all compulsory courses. In addition, students may be required to learn a foreign language and take physical education courses. A course can last for one or two semesters. In the United States, students under 16 and 17 must receive education. Students can't graduate until they have passed all required courses. The following are the scores given to students by American school teachers and the corresponding GPA (average credit value).

A+ (4.0)

A (4.0)

A -(3.7)

Excellent (excellent)

C+ (2.3)

C (2.0)

C-( 1.7)

(average) medium

F (0)

(failure)

fail

B+ (3.3)

B (3.0)

B-(2.7)

High school (above average)

D+ ( 1.3)

D ( 1.0)

D-(0.7)

(poor) poor

If students fail in any subject, they must retake the exam. Now, about three out of every four high school students in the United States go to college after graduating from high school.

Admission to American universities;

Although universities in every state in the United States have requirements and standards for independent enrollment, they will consider some basic information of students, such as the high school courses they have studied, the average grade point of students, the SAT scores of students' academic aptitude tests, their papers or personal interviews, and so on. GPA (General Integral Average) is the average credit value, which is the value obtained by adding the total credits of all subjects and then dividing them by the number of subjects with credits. SAT(Scholastic Aptitude Test) is an academic ability test, and it is a standard quantitative test that all senior high school students in the United States must take. Most American universities will have their own minimum SAT admission scores.

Many American colleges and universities often require applicants to write papers, and the length and content of the papers are determined by the school admissions office. According to the different requirements of each institution, students can request to attend an interview hosted by a representative of the Admissions Office. There are four kinds of degrees in the United States: associate degree (obtained after completing specialized vocational and technical courses), bachelor degree (awarded after completing four years of university studies), master degree (first graduate degree) and doctoral degree (second graduate degree).

In the United States, students are usually called "freshmen" in the first year, "sophomore" in the second year, "junior" in the third year and "senior" in the fourth year. In order to get a bachelor's degree, students must study other courses besides the main courses, which is also based on a principle of undergraduate education in the United States, that is, students must set foot in several disciplines. In some degree courses, students are required to take the second major and other courses.

In American universities and colleges, most courses will have certain credits, which are usually calculated according to the number of class hours. Most courses have 3-4 credits, some only have 1 point, 2 points, and some even have as high as 5 points. All students must complete the required minimum credits before they can graduate. Undergraduate students are usually not required to write graduation thesis, but all doctoral and master students must write graduation thesis.

After obtaining a bachelor's degree, students must take the postgraduate entrance examination, the so-called GRE(graduate Record Examination), and all institutions have stipulated the minimum score of GRE. In addition, graduate students should also consider the GPA of undergraduate courses. The master's program in the United States is usually two years, but also one year. Now the most widely known is MBA (Master of Business Administration).

Doctor's degree is the highest degree that students can get in the United States, including doctor of philosophy and doctor of medicine. To get a doctorate, students must submit their doctoral thesis, take exams, conduct innovative research and defend their thesis. The study time of most doctoral programs is three years after graduation. The first two years are mainly classroom teaching and special discussion, and the last year or more is used to complete graduation thesis. The doctoral thesis must be students' own research results, including argumentation and design, and must be unpublished before. Of course, at present, many colleges and universities recruit foreign students, who directly enter the laboratory of the school to conduct project research and then write papers.

British cartography

United Kingdom school system

Preschool education-implemented in kindergartens and kindergartens attached to primary schools.

Compulsory education-Compulsory education ranges from 5 years old to 16 years old, accounting for 1 1 year.

Primary education-Primary education is usually conducted in six-year primary schools. Primary schools can be divided into children aged five or six.

The first two years (preschool) and the last four years (primary school) are for 7~ 1 1 year-old. Generally speaking, the two are set together.

In a school, but there are also some pre-school schools and primary schools.

School) is set up separately. In addition, some also set up junior schools (5-8 years old and 5-9 years old) and middle schools.

Schools (8~ 1 1 year old, 9~ 12 year old) replace preschool classes (schools) and preschool classes (schools).

Secondary education-Secondary education usually begins at the age of 1 1. In principle, ordinary secondary schools are comprehensive schools that can enroll students without holding exams.

About 90% students attend this type of school. In addition, in some areas, there are documents or

Classical courses, modern Chinese courses in grammar schools or modern schools, etc. As a middle school after compulsory education

Educational courses and institutions include sixth-grade courses in middle schools and sixth-grade courses in independent schools.

Graduated from university. These courses and institutions are mainly engaged in the implementation of post-graduate preparation education.

Judging from the financial burden, there are public schools in primary and secondary schools, which are established and operated by local education authorities, supplemented by the state treasury.

Help schools and independent schools that do not accept public subsidies. Schools subsidized by the Ministry of Finance have always been public schools.

Schools not under the jurisdiction of local education authorities are directly subsidized by the state treasury and operate independently (in 1999).

Later, it was changed into a local subsidized school. Its independence remains unchanged, but the subsidy is paid by the local government). Independent schools include public schools.

(1 1, 13~ 18 years old), preparatory school (8 ~ 1 1 3 years old), etc.

Higher education-Higher education institutions include universities and colleges of higher education. These schools not only have bachelor's degree courses (usually courses)

In addition to three years, there are short courses to obtain various specialized qualifications. Before 1993, except for the above schools.

In addition, there are 34 polytechnics, but they have all been transformed into universities. In addition, colleges (colleges)

There are also higher courses that provide higher educational standards.

Continuing education-the so-called continuing education refers to diversified education after compulsory education, and all kinds of educational machines are collectively called colleges.

Go through the formalities For teenagers or adults, they are full-time during the day and part-time at night.

Diversified courses centered on vocational education.

(a) Comparison table of education systems in Britain and Taiwan Province.

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British education system

|||||| Enter the map of British education system||||| Comparison table of Chinese and British education systems |

Introduction:

The British education system has always enjoyed a good reputation in terms of academic quality and providing perfect nursing care. So far, no one in the world can match it.

Many colleges and universities have provided extended learning for British and foreign students for hundreds of years, and many of them are newly established.

Some colleges and universities join the ranks of traditional schools to ensure that the British academic system not only keeps pace with the increasingly complex and scientific society,

We are also exploring endless knowledge and perfect fields, constantly surpassing the boundaries of learning.

In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of five and sixteen, and parents have the responsibility to let their children go to school on time.

90% of the children go to public schools, which are fully funded by the government, and the rest 10% go to private schools.

These schools are called independent schools because they don't receive government subsidies at all.

The British education system consists of five parts, namely:

Preschool education for children under five years old

Primary education for children aged 5 to 12 (including 12 in some cases)

rear

Secondary education for children aged 1 1 (or 12) to 18.

Extended education-provide all kinds of academic or vocational training for students over 0/6 years old after compulsory education/kloc.

Practical course

Higher education-including undergraduate to doctoral preparatory courses

Extended education:

The total number of extended education colleges established by local education authorities in Britain exceeds 800. In addition, there are several independent colleges.

Or private schools mainly offer GCSEs A-level and AS-level courses.

The College of Continuing Education copied a middle school because it offered a level and intensive GCSE (Certificate of General Secondary Education) course.

On the other hand, it overlaps with Central College and some universities with advanced diploma courses.

The scale and scope of courses offered by extended education institutions vary greatly, but traditionally they all offer full-time and elective courses.

Cheng, and the content of the course reflects the local industrial structure, because such colleges are often more and more informal, so

In traditional schools, it is usually regarded as a substitute qualification for the sixth grade. Some of these colleges can offer a wide range of advanced courses.

Many colleges of continuing education offer courses linked to specific universities, and students can transfer to a degree or high school after a year of intensive courses.

Such as diploma courses.

Higher education:

British higher education institutions include universities, Central College of Scotland, Colleges of Higher Education, Colleges of Art and Design, and Education Pairs.

Looks like a group of students over eighteen. Access to higher education is optional, and students can get diplomas, bachelor's degrees and research.

Qualification.

In addition to public colleges, there are many private teaching and training institutions offering various courses. There are many departments in these institutions.

Approved by the British Private Expansion and Higher Education Review Board. For a list of these schools, please refer to.

Baci fhe- Current list and catalogue of certification bodies and recognized departments.

Independent counseling and training institutions, you can contact the British Education Center for information in this regard.

College of Higher Education:

Public higher education institutions occupy the same position as universities in British higher education. They offer a variety of undergraduate courses and

Besides postgraduate courses, there are also some vocational training courses, especially for qualified teachers.

These schools adhere to the tradition of caring for students and never ignore them because of their size. Most schools

There are plenty of dormitories and excellent sports and entertainment facilities.

Schools either cooperate with local universities, or cooperate with the Business and Technical Education Committee through the National Academic Degree Awarding Committee (CNAA).

BTEC will maintain its academic level.

Courses:

The courses offered by the College of Higher Education are as follows:

Higher diploma

higher education

bachelor degree

grasp

Post-baccalaureate education certificate

doctor

Vocational training

university

More than 80 universities in Britain have been granted degrees by charter or parliamentary authorization, including the "Open University".

(a school where British residents can attend university courses without going to school) and private Buckingham University (which offers various two-year degree courses).

Universities, the rest of the universities have more or less government subsidies.

Universities have different histories: the ancient Oxford University and Cambridge University, which were built 650 to 800 years ago, and four universities in Scotland.

Glasgow University, Andrews University, Aberdeen University and Edinburgh University all have a history of more than 400 years.

Universities and affiliated colleges have a history of 150 years: large municipal universities, such as Bristol University and Manchester University.

Science was founded more than 100 years ago, and Sussex University, York University and Warwick University with modern campuses are

Founded about 30 years ago: Loughborough University, university of salford, Bath University and other universities of science and technology are younger.

British universities attach great importance to students' independent research ability, so many universities will add a research plan to their last year's courses.

Or thesis, accounting for a large proportion of graduation scores.

British universities are independent individuals: they decide which courses to offer, teaching methods, examination methods and course names. However, schools

Under the off-campus evaluation system, the off-campus inspectors who have nothing to do with the school will participate in the evaluation to ensure the evaluation level of all schools.

Same.

The first volume of this guide contains a series of detailed information about universities. All university catalogues can be found in the British Education Center.

In most cases, students can go to the UK Education Center in person or attach a large addressed envelope and 30 yuan.

Collecting stamps. University Admission-Official Guide, published jointly by British universities and published annually for all major universities.

Authoritative information about the entrance requirements and standards of the department's courses can be found in the library of the British Education Center.