What are the ancient forms of travel in China?

1, recent travel of ordinary people

I often see ancient literati's poems and travel notes praising famous mountains and rivers, but in fact, most ancient ordinary people did not travel far because of financial resources, household registration system restrictions, inconvenient transportation and other reasons. Zhou Bianyou is usually chosen. Their tourism activities are usually Spring Festival Temple Fair, Lantern Festival Lantern Festival, outing, dragon boat rowing on Dragon Boat Festival and mountain climbing on Double Ninth Festival.

Don't think these tourism activities will be boring, but they are quite exciting and interesting. Temple fairs in the Spring Festival mainly include lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns, walking on stilts and visiting flower markets.

Lantern Festival, decorated with lanterns, eating Yuanxiao and solve riddles on the lanterns, performing traditional China dramas and juggling skills. Qingming Festival was popular in Song Dynasty, and the genre painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in Northern Song Dynasty, vividly described the lively scene of Qingming Festival with Bianhe as the center outside Kaifeng.

2. Businessmen's business trips

In the history of China, business tourism activities developed very early. The "Zhao Qianniu and Fu Yuanjia" recorded in historical books belongs to the business tourism activities of businessmen in the late Shang Dynasty and early Zhou Dynasty. During the Warring States period, business travel entered the development stage. For example, Wan Li, a giant businessman, came to Handan, Zhao to engage in business activities, met the son of Qin, and finally became prime minister.

In ancient feudal society, most rulers "attached importance to agriculture and restrained commerce", coupled with inconvenient transportation, dense forests and grass, underdeveloped social service industry, hunger, illness and death often threatened the vagrants who were engaged in business, which also led to insufficient specific records of the commercial activities of businessmen in previous dynasties in history books.

But Li Bai's "Long March" describes the businessman's business in a different place and his wife's yearning for him. A month ago, in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, he only cared about his own money, but forgot himself and went to Fuliang to buy tea. She is guarding an empty boat at the mouth of the river, with no one to accompany her except the bright moon and cold water ",which also shows the singer's complaint to her business husband."

3. Scholar-to-scholar travel

Since the Warring States Period, study tour has been very popular. Historical Records Biography of Shen Jun in Spring contains: "Shen Jun in Spring! Studying and studying is a matter for Chu Xiang and Wang Qing. " Study tour means "traveling in different places and learning from teachers." Studying abroad can increase your knowledge, realize your lofty ideals and ambitions, and also sell yourself well, laying the groundwork for your future career.

In ancient China, many celebrities had the experience of "traveling". For example, Sima Qian, Zhuge Liang, Du Fu and the Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties all had rich travel experiences. Feng Gong, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, sent a scholar from Tang Lin to learn the poems of Professor Xu Shengyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which described the mentality of ancient students who traveled far away to study: "A scholar can only go between villages and schools, such as a boat test on Jinpu; You can see the hills, but you can't see the big island; Once you travel far, it is like a boat in the rivers and lakes. "

The activities of visiting friends carried out by ancient literati are also a kind of tourism. For example, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi all left many poems of tourists. Meng Haoran's book "Luo Zhong's Visit to Yuan" records his visit to Luoyang to find the ancients.

Officialdom and seclusion are the dual melodies of China literati's life. Most literati like to swim in the beautiful and quiet landscape and countryside. Zuyong's official career is not smooth, because he has not got an official position for a long time. After living in seclusion, he entered Fen, and his pastoral poem "Looking at the Snow Peak in Central South" was read. Tao Yuanming's "returning to the garden" shows the idea of detachment from society and conversion to nature.

4. Emperor Parade

The travel of the ruling class is very different from others. The scale of the emperor's trip and the luxury of ostentation and extravagance are the best. Emperor's Parade is an important phenomenon of ancient tourism in China, which refers to the emperor's tourism activities in his ruling area for the purpose of visiting around or worshipping Buddhism and consolidating the political power.

The emperor should also visit the mountains and visit the water when he is touring the mountains or retiring from meditation, and pay tribute to the remains of the previous emperors or celebrities. There were three emperors in the Zhou Dynasty who liked to travel. They were King Zhao of Zhou, Duke Gong Xuan of Zhou and Zhou Muwang.

Among them, Zhou Muwang's tourism is the representative and typical of the emperors' cruise in the Zhou Dynasty, which occupies an important position in the ancient tourism history of China. Mu Zhuan, which has been handed down to this day, is China's earliest travel notes. In addition, the emperor's trip to Yangzhou and the dragon's trip to the south of the Yangtze River are typical examples of famous emperors' cruises.

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Other types of travel:

1, Chivalrous Adventure

Speaking of geography and hydrology in China, no one is better than Mr. Xu Xiake, a great geographer, explorer and traveler in Ming Dynasty. A Chinese Odyssey, he revised and innovated the historical materials such as geography, hydrology, plants, folk customs and humanities.

The 600,000-word Travels of Xu Xiake was written by Xu Xiake after 30 years' investigation, which systematically recorded nature, humanities and folk customs, geography and hydrology. He has been to many places, even experienced travelers and explorers have never been there, and even Joseph Charles Francis Rock, a famous explorer, botanist and photographer, was deeply impressed by it.

2. Against the sword.

If there was a career of making money while traveling in ancient times, then Li Bai was the most successful representative. Even modern people are very envious of this kind of trip.

Li Bai, a poet, set out for Shu and experienced thousands of waters in Qian Shan. His poems are numerous. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li Bai had a good reputation and was often invited by celebrities and writers from all over the world, including not only good wine and meat, but also money and food.

Everywhere Li Bai went, he made beautiful remarks. For example, the famous Wang Lun invited Li Bai to Taohuatan in Jingxian County, Anhui Province, saying that "Taohuatan is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lunqing".