Socialization service of geological data

USGS provides a wide range of social services for geological data, and the customer service policy stipulates the general classification of service customers: ① US Department of the Interior; (2) Other federal agencies; ③ State government agencies; (4) local institutions; ⑤ Tribal people; ⑥ Non-profit natural resources protection organizations; ⑦ news media; (8) private institutions; Pet-name ruby United States Congress; Participating individual citizens; Hey? Academic institutions; ? Foreign entities; ? Internal customers.

It can be summarized into the following four categories: ① decision makers and managers of government departments at all levels; (2) Professional researchers in universities and scientific research institutions; (3) decision makers of private enterprises; 4 the public.

Second, service providers.

The USGS has more than 65,438+00000 employees, distributed in more than 400 places in China, including scientists, technicians and managers. From the organizational structure, USGS has state geological bureaus in each state, which are led by USGS in business and technical guidance, but led by state governments in administration, mainly dealing with the collection, processing and management of state geological data. They are the main providers of data for the US Geological Survey, providing detailed geoscience data and information services in every state. In addition, there are some specialized research and data collection institutions directly under the US Geological Survey, which specialize in research or data collection and processing in a certain professional field. The US Geological Survey has set up more than 2,000 organizations around the world and in the United States, pooling various resources and professional opinions to provide comprehensive information services. These institutions include state, local and tribal governments, academia and other federal alliances. Therefore, USGS has a wide range of data and information service providers, ranging from internal agencies of USGS to agencies, cooperative agencies and even individual volunteers.

As far as organizational structure is concerned, the service providers of the Land Survey Bureau are as follows:

(1) National Geological Survey. The State Geological Survey is under the leadership and technical guidance of the US Geological Survey in business, but under the leadership of the state governments in administration. It is mainly responsible for the collection, processing and management of geological data in the state, and provides detailed geological data and information services for the States. They are the main providers of USGS data. ① Eastern geological survey institutions: New England (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont), Mid-Atlantic States (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia) and Southeast States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina). (2) Central States: including the area between the Loki Mountains and the Mississippi River (Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming); ③ Western states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington.

(2) Research institutions directly under the US Geological Survey. These institutions are directly affiliated to the US Geological Survey and specialize in research or data collection and processing in a certain professional field.

(3) Cooperative research institutions. Many American universities and non-USGS research institutions cooperate with the Bureau.

(4) Data collection agencies of private enterprises.

(5) International organizations or other national geological research or government agencies.

(6) government agencies at all levels, such as the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of National Defense.

(7) Individual volunteers and external employees.

Third, the service content.

As a public institution, USGS has the responsibility to provide the public with the research results of its scientific investigation widely and timely in the form of professional information products.

Scientific and technological publications are the main products of USGS, which has its investigation results, and the right to interpret the work undertaken by its employees and contractors belongs to USGS. The findings of USGS can also be published by cooperative federal, state, local and tribal institutions, as well as non-governmental organizations, science and technology associations or other publishing institutions.

The findings of USGS should provide the best products and services to the public in a fair and objective way, not for the special interests of any group or individual. The established procedures that USGS must follow when producing information products include: reviewing, approving and publishing information products to ensure the output of high-quality geological data and materials.

There are many kinds of products and publications provided by the US Geological Survey online, which can be divided into four categories according to different subject topics: earth science, biology, cartography and water resources. According to whether this series of products is published by USGS, it is divided into USGS series and external publications. According to the way of product sales, it is divided into traditional products and online products. The so-called traditional products are maps, publications and comprehensive products in the form of paper and CD-ROM, and online products can be downloaded from the website of the US Geological Survey for free or for a fee. The main products of USGS include printed maps, aerial photographs, satellite images, digital geospatial data, software, professional papers, water resources survey reports, user manuals, digital data standards, public document reports and other publications. The following explains the service content of USGS according to the above three categories.

(1) Products classified by subject.

1. Biological products

Biological products mainly include biological publications and online products provided by bioinformatics basic network.

The National Bioinformatics Basic Network is an electronic gateway for biological data and information developed and maintained by the US Geological Survey and its partners. Through this website, you can view the database of biologists, image library, metadata, specimen collection, online reference materials and magazines, as well as tools for collecting, managing, recording, analyzing and applying biological data.

2. Earth science products

It covers geology, disasters, earth resources, mineral resources, geophysics, geochemistry, geochronology, paleontology and marine geology. The product forms provided in this part include the following categories: ① online periodicals; (2) live coverage; ③ Specialized publications; ④ Maps: National Geological Map Database, American Coal Quality Database and American Coal Resources Database.

3. Map products

Geospatial databases and aerial photography products available to USGS; Atlas of Antarctic survey; Catalogue of topographic maps, publications and digital products of national photographic surveying and mapping institutions; Digital background map; Digital raster map; Earth exploration-online search and ordering of digital surveying and mapping data products of USGS; Overview; Geographic data download; Geographical name information system; Geospatial data, information and products; Information products related to cartography and related topics; Map finder; Cartographic software; National Atlas of the United States; Online map list; Topographic map; National spatial data exchange-the information node of USGS: Website map portal.

4. Water resources products

Real-time hydrological data: The recording interval of real-time hydrological data is usually 15 ~ 60 seconds, and the data is stored in the monitoring station and transmitted to USGS office every 1 ~ 4 hours. At critical moments, the interval between data recording and transmission will be shorter, and real-time data will be transmitted to USGS office by satellite, telephone or radio. Click on the map to browse the real-time water data of American States.

Address survey data: detailed information about the specific locations of river sections, wells, test holes, streams, drains, lakes, reservoirs, ponds and caves, as well as water conservancy equipment.

National surface water data: including time series data of more than 850,000 hydrological stations, used to describe river elevation, flow rate (discharge), reservoir water level and lake water level, surface water quality and rainfall.

Groundwater data: mainly including groundwater address survey data, groundwater level and water quality data. These data mainly involve the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water, sediment and tissue samples.

Water resources application software: These softwares need to be ordered online or from the US Geological Survey.

(2) Products published by the US Geological Survey and published by the outside world.

1. USGS publication series

USGS publication series is usually used to report the survey results of USGS employees. It can also be used for investigation results published by non-USGS scientists, but its ownership belongs to USGS, such as investigation reports formed under the guidance of investigation permission, contract or memorandum of understanding.

The selection of publication series should be based on its content, public demand and publication purpose. The US Geological Survey divides the public into four different types: core professional public, non-core professional public, general public and geological employees. All information products must go through the technical review and approval of peers, and be approved by the director or the official agency entrusted before the final preparations for publication and distribution can be carried out. In addition, technical or editorial comments from peers require products to have the highest level of scientific accuracy and credibility.

(1) professional papers. This series of reports serves the core and non-core professional public. The professional series of documents is the first series of the US Geological Survey, which includes comprehensive reports on broad and lasting interests or the importance of science and technology. The report is characterized by the depth, breadth and geographical coverage of the research.

(2) Scientific investigation report. This series of reports usually serve the core and non-core professional public. Scientific investigation reports, like professional papers, contain a lot of data and explanations, but they are generally limited in depth and geographical coverage. In addition to scientific reports, the series also includes general manuals, field travel guides, travel logs, agendas and abstracts of conferences sponsored by the US Geological Survey, and general reference materials. Scientific investigation reports may also include the publication of individual chapters on a specific topic or a collection of related reports on a single topic.

(3) Mapping maps. This series of reports usually serve core and non-core professional audiences, including the general public. The series of scientific survey maps includes black-and-white and color leaflets and pamphlets, covering a wide range of topics, such as geology, topography, vegetation, topography, hydrology, hydrogeology, land classification, map projection, water quality, groundwater, species distribution and the moon, planets, satellites and other satellites. This series also includes the introduction of oversized charts, but does not include maps, such as related charts, cross-sections, block diagrams or other charts or tables.

(4) data sequence. The data series serves the core and non-core professional public. A data series is a basic data set, database, multimedia or animation to be published. This series can be used to collect videos, computer programs and digital photos. Beautiful video surpasses other products in this series in technology and science; This kind of video does not need the approval of the Ministry of the Interior before the product starts production. Generally speaking, the carrier of data series reports is CD or DVD, and some reports may only be published online.

Although this series can contain explanatory information, it is mainly used for data or digital display that cannot be easily published in printed form. When the content mainly appears in the form of text or maps, it is more appropriate to publish it in paper form.

(5) Skills and methods. This series of techniques and methods are aimed at the core professionals and employees of the US Geological Survey. This series contains the verification procedures of planning and laboratory research in scientific investigation described in the manual, including hydrological data collection, analysis, collation and processing. The series can include selected computer programs, including manuals and document templates, methods or techniques.

(6) Notice or explanation. The service object of the Notice is the general public, and it can also be aimed at the core and non-core professional public. The purpose of this series is to provide concise and clear publicity and education, covering various topics, and provide a comprehensive understanding process for regional issues or USGS projects. The focus is usually on geological schemes, projects and data, and how they solve problems of public interest.

The service target of the Fact Sheet is the general public, including the core and non-core professional public. The fact sheet needs to express various topics concisely and clearly in 1 ~ 4 pages, focusing on the plans, projects and data of USGS and how they solve the public interest problems.

The notice and the fact sheet include: the progress report of the research team, the preliminary report of special investigation or catastrophic events, the risk and resource assessment, the classification procedure, etc. Notices and fact sheets are widely welcomed, but generally have little archival value; This series should not be used to publish the latest data, scientific explanations or conclusions. Fact sheets can be used to summarize or publish previously published research results and their impacts, or to publish new information about USGS projects and products.

(7) General information products. This series of products is aimed at the public. The series covers a wide range of topics and media, including brochures, postcards, posters, videos, teachers' teaching materials, CDs/CDs, bookmarks and interactive animations. Pay attention to scientific information related to USGS projects, plans, services and public interests. The new scientific data does not apply to this series. Its design and content must be approved by the Ministry of the Interior. Educational or general video tapes need the approval of the Ministry of the Interior before they can be produced.

(8) Limited use series products produced by the US Geological Survey. The following series are designed to meet the special needs of immediate release or ownership interests. This series of reports must pass two technical reviews. They must be scientifically credible and carefully prepared. There is no contradiction between the contents of these reports and charts, and they should meet the minimum editing standards. Each report should meet the following conditions: careful preparation, clear facts and clear explanation to customers. Before these reports are published, they must be approved and published by authorized representatives.

1) opens the report of the file. Public document reports are used to disseminate information that must be released immediately to meet public needs, or another series of materials that are not accurate enough in approved publications.

The report of public documents should not be regarded as the final report of major scientific investigations. Because the open file report series is preliminary and may be replaced, it is not suitable for introducing or publishing new or revised geological, stratigraphic, hydrological or taxonomic terms. Release materials suitable for open file reports include product maps and reports, computer programs, user guides and bibliographies.

2) administrative report. Administrative reports are prepared by USGS for its clients' other federal agencies. These scientific or technological studies are released to federal agencies that recognize ownership interests. These reports are regarded as unpublished, and shall not be quoted or quoted except the subsequent administrative report of the same institution, or the use of this series is discouraged unless the institution releases the report to the public. If possible, it is suggested to submit the report in other forms, such as open file report, so that the report can be cited.

(9) Geological journals. This series of information products of USGS are usually published regularly and widely used as reference materials for its disciplines.

1) information journal. Information periodicals cover a wide range of statistics and data summaries about mining, minerals and mineral industries. These periodicals include mineral commodity abstracts, mining surveys, mineral yearbooks, indicators of metal industry and indicators of stone, clay, glass and cement products industry.

2) Annual national water resources data report. This annual report is hydrological data collected by the geological surface water and groundwater data network of the US Geological Survey. The report is published for each state and trusteeship. These records of runoff, surface water level and water quality provide a hydrological information framework for land and water resources development and management departments of state, local and federal agencies or the private sector.

3) Annual report of the United States Geological Survey. In the history of USGS, this series has published various topics. Currently published as an annual financial report.

4) Hydrogeology monthly report. This comprehensive monthly report summarizes the statistical data of runoff and groundwater conditions in the United States and southern Canada. Its readers are planners and managers of water resources in these two countries. This report was prepared by the Water Resources Division of the US Geological Survey in cooperation with the Water Resources Division of Environment Canada. It contains tables showing the available water quantity, river flow, dissolved solid content and water temperature at selected points of the selected reservoir.

2. Series products are published to the outside world.

Geological data published by any entity other than USGS are considered as external publications. These publications provide an important medium for USGS to convey opinions, results and explanations to scientists and the public. Academic journals are published by scientific associations, and most non-USGS publications are published by commercial publishing houses. Information products of external publications must be authorized to be published.

(1) Sci-tech journals and publications. Information can be published in technical journals and publications of scientific societies or commercial publishing houses. Considering the content, target audience and cost, this is the most suitable medium.

(2) abstraction. It is a summary of scientific research, achievements and explanations. This paper summarizes the main conclusions of the author's current work, but hardly contains data support.

(3) publications of collaborators. Many agreements between federal, state, local, tribal institutions and civil organizations stipulate that each group should have the right to publish the survey results. Because the product is released by the partner, if an author's USGS background is published or listed as USGS release materials, it needs to be reviewed and approved by geological science colleagues. In the case of publishing cooperative information products, the restriction or release of information products shall come from the memorandum of understanding, contract or other agreement specified by the cooperative works. Either party shall approve the cooperation agreement before publishing or publishing any investigation results.

(3) Online products

The online products provided by USGS include the following categories: Antarctic exploration atlas; Digital background; Overview; The actual report of the national surveying and mapping plan; Geographical name information system; Geophysical products; Online publications and digital products of mineral resources; Online spatial data of mineral resources; National Atlas of the United States; National geological map database; Online books, reports and manuals; Online maps and photos; Online map list; Graphics; Real-time water data; American coal quality database; American coal resources database; Online report on water resources.

Fourth, the service mode.

The socialized service mode of geological products in the United States can be divided into traditional service mode and online service mode. According to the needs of users, it can be divided into customized and thematic service methods.

(A) the traditional way of service

Namely the direct service mode. According to the needs, customers can directly consult and purchase geological products service organizations or entrusted sales organizations, and can also order by telephone, fax, e-mail and other means.

online services/support

Network online service refers to data browsing, querying, downloading, ordering and other services through online network. All data sets available on the map browser user interface can also be obtained through network services. These services can be added to the GIS system. You can import ArcIMS image maps or feature-based vector map services in GIS systems, such as ArcExplorer of ArcGIS or ESRI. ArcExplorer is a free GIS browser from ESRI.

(3) Ordering services

Generally speaking, USGS orders products by letter, telephone, email, fax, etc. Generally, there are the following ways:

(1) Ordering topographic maps, digital mapping materials, geographic data, aerial photos and satellite photos of geological survey through business partners authorized by the United States;

(2) Orders for maps, publications and other composite products in paper and CD-ROM form from USGS can be made in the following ways: mailing, sending purchase orders (downloadable from the Internet) and remitting to relevant addresses of USGS; Fax the order to USGS; Online, submit orders through USGS store.

(3) Ordering maps, digital cartographic materials, geographic data, aerial photos and satellite photos from USGS is similar to ordering maps, including mailing, faxing and online, but the specific contact address is different. When ordering products online, you should submit the order through Earth explorer.

A handling fee of $5 is charged for each form of product ordering, and payment must be made at the time of ordering. Payment methods accepted by USGS include check, money order, credit card, wire transfer, fixed savings account, purchase order and unified purchase agreement. It is best not to find money when ordering, and try to use the existing USGS account number and order number.