Introduction of Type 99 Main Battle Tank (please attach drawings)

China Type 99 changed into a main battle tank? Type 99 main battle tank is an improved type 98 (99) main battle tank. The main improvements are as follows:

1, equipped with domestic 150HB turbocharged intercooled high-power diesel engine (1500hp) and new high-efficiency transmission system, the maximum speed of expressway is 80km/h.

2. On the basis of the original composite main armor, the front and side of the tank turret are equipped with a new type of wedge-shaped double-anti-anti-additional armor, which has an excellent bulletproof appearance, and the car body is also equipped with composite armor, which greatly improves the bulletproof ability. The protective ability of the car body and turret is equivalent to the homogeneous armor with the thickness of 800 and1000 mm.

In addition, improvements should be made in ammunition, fire control and digitalization.

The early Type 98 combat vehicle under test. The object covered behind the hatch cover is the blinding laser attack system type 98.

The laser receiver/warning device is installed behind the turret. Note that the front of the turret is equipped with mounting points for extra armor.

The front of the turret modified by Type 99 adopts arrow cluster armor similar to Leopard II A5, which greatly improves the protection ability. And a lot of extra armor is installed in front.

Model number? Type 99 main battle vehicle?

Manufacturing country/factory? China/North Industries?

User country? China?

Body shape (meters)? Length 7.3 (excluding barrel)/1 1 (including barrel)? Width 3.4? Height 2 (to the roof)?

Combat weight (ton)? 5 1?

Engine/horsepower? 150HB or Perkins? Engine? CV- 12- 1200？ TCA？ 12V or 6DT-3 diesel engine or WD396 diesel engine *11200?

Thrust-to-weight ratio (ton/horsepower)? 23.53?

Limit speed (km/h)? 65?

Endurance (km)? 450?

Crew? three

Any weapons? Main Armed Forces: ZPT-98? 125mm？ 48 caliber smooth bore gun * 1?

Sub-armed:

Type 85? 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun * 1

Type 59? 7.62mm coaxial machine gun * 1

Type 94 smoke bomb launcher * 10

After the mid-1980s, China's chariots made rapid progress. In addition to the original' 80s', greatly improved' 80s' and updated' 90s', China's own ace car has others. June 1 999+1October1When China celebrated the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, 18 unprecedented new chariots attracted the world's attention in the parade passing Tiananmen Square. At first, this kind of chariot was first exposed in the west as a Type 96 chariot or a Type 90-II China self-use production vehicle. Later, I learned that this is a brand-new chariot, named 98, numbered WZ- 123 or ZTZ-98. Type 98 has a considerable technical origin with Russian-made T-72 and T-80 chariots. T-72 has long been the reference of China Type 90 /MBT-2000, and the more advanced T-80U was exhibited to China in 1995, which naturally became one of the important technical sources of Type 98 in the future. For example, the 98 chassis is exactly the same as the T-80U. Even so, the overall configuration and details of Type 98 are quite different from those of Russian-made chariots. For example, the square welded turret is developed from the 85 series. 1989, China authorities signed a contract with China North Industries Company to develop the third-generation main battle vehicle. A prototype car was manufactured from 1990 and 1992 for testing, and finally finalized in 1998. According to the year, it should be named 98 style, but it is officially named 99 style.

Compared with the previous 85/90 type chariot, the most recognizable appearance of the 98 type chariot is the V-shaped bullet plate at the front. This design has been seen in Russian T-72 combat vehicles before, and it is mainly used to prevent shrapnel from hitting the turret ring along the front. Type 98 with 85-II? Since M, square turrets have been widely used in China. The turret front and turret front are modular composite armor with the latest technology from China, which is believed to be composed of steel plate, ceramic and glass fiber sandwich. If necessary, high explosive reactive armor (ERA) can be added to make Type 98 the best chariot in China. In addition, the inner wall of Type 98 Battalion is coated with anti-radiation paint activated from 90-II, and an inner lining is laid to prevent the armored fragments caused by shrapnel or shock wave from being scattered in the car after the shell hits, thus injuring the passengers. Because there are many equipments in the car, the turret of Type 98 is slightly larger than the previous Type 90, but there is also a big gap with the car body, which constitutes a weak point in protection. The shell fragments may shoot into the turret ring and destroy the turret ring. In terms of power, the Type 98 is equipped with a 1200 HP diesel engine, but there are several models. The first is the 150HB series diesel engine developed by China, which is said to be copied from MB87 1 of German MTU. KA50 1, but whether it is practical or not remains to be confirmed; The second argument is to emulate the 90-type Western power kit, including Perkins Engine Company (Perkins? Engine CV- 12- 1200)? TCA？ 12V diesel engine and ESM from French SESM company? 500 automatic gearbox (with five forward gears and two reverse gears), but this combination should be excluded; The third type is the WD396 diesel engine in Germany. In addition, it is reported that the model 98 prototype has used the 6TD-3 diesel engine made in Ukraine during the test, and the output power of these possible engines is 1200 horsepower. As for the gearbox, it is believed that the Type 98 still adopts the hydraulic auxiliary planetary gear manual gearbox, with 7 forward gears and 1 reverse gears. However, it is reported that Model 98 encountered many transmission problems during the test. The combat weight of Type 98 is increased to 5 1t, which is the heaviest chariot in China at present, and it is comparable to Japanese Type 90. The maximum highway speed is 65km/hr, the off-road speed is 47km/h, and the fuel in the car lasts for 450km at a time, which is increased to 600km after installing the external fuel tank. The layout of Model 98 bearing system is quite similar to that of T-80, with six pairs of bearing wheels on each side (but the shape of bearing wheels is similar to that of T-72). It is believed that the torsion bar suspension system is used, and the first, second, fifth and sixth pairs of load-bearing wheels are also equipped with hydraulic shock absorbers. In addition, the grille of Type 98 crawler and engine compartment radiator is similar to that of T-80. The engine compartment of Type 98 is larger than that of Type 96, so the body length is slightly increased and the wheel spacing is different.

Type 98 fire control system is better than 85-II? M, 90-II is more precise and adopts digital technology. In addition to the integrated two-axis stabilization system, gunner sight (including laser rangefinder), digital ballistic computer and atmospheric sensing device, infrared thermal imager is added, which greatly improves its night fighting ability. This technology is believed to come from Halid (Al? Halid) chariots. Type 98 conductor has an independent sight, and both conductor and gunner sight have day/night capability and laser rangefinder, which may have black boy/black boy function. In addition, the Type 98 commander and gunner sight have TVT automatic tracking devices, which are similar to the Type 90 chariots in Japan. When the thermal camera finds the target, the gunner or commander presses the button, and the shooting control system automatically and accurately tracks the target and keeps it in the observer's sight. In addition, Model 98 is equipped with GPS global positioning system and new VHF-2000 tactical radio. After GPS is integrated into the fire control system, it can display the position of the vehicle in the chariot at any time and report it to the superior command unit through the tactical radio system. Type 98 hit 80% with the first shot and 95% with the second shot.

The most unique equipment of Type 98 is the integrated laser early warning/active countermeasure system, which is very different from the active defense system of chariots developed by the West and Russia in recent years and is unique to Type 98 at present. JD-3 includes laser early warning system ((laser? Warning? Receiver, LWR), and a special blinding laser transmitter (laser? Self-defense Weapons, LSDW), and related automatic control system. When LWR receives the signal from the enemy laser calibrator, the system automatically turns the turret to the direction of the laser source, and then starts LSDW；; . LSDW firstly emits low-energy laser to the target, and calibrates the position according to the laser echo. After locking, it emits high-energy blinding laser, destroying the enemy photoelectric sensor and even blinding the other operator. The maximum elevation angle of LSDW launcher is higher than the main gun, and it can even be used against enemy helicopters. In addition, it is believed that LSDW can also be used for workshop signal communication in low energy mode. Compared with Type 85 and Type 90-II six-pack Type 84 smoke bomb launchers, Type 98 is replaced by two sets of five-pack Type 94 smoke bomb launchers, which are placed on both sides of the turret respectively, which is also one of the appearance characteristics of Type 98 chariots. This kind of smoke bomb may also be combined with the vehicle-mounted active defense system, which will automatically fire immediately after discovering the threat. In addition to the laser warning/active countermeasure system, the early data also pointed out that Type 98 will be equipped with JD-3 blind I infrared countermeasure system, which can continuously emit infrared jamming pulses against infrared guided anti-vehicle missiles, but this equipment was not seen in the actual photos of Type 98. Armed, Type 98 equipment ZPT-98 newly developed by China? 125mm？ 5 1 times caliber smooth bore gun and its supporting automatic loading system. At first, the west thought that ZPT-98 was improved from 2A46 made in Russia? 125mm？ 48 times caliber smooth bore gun (original 85-II? M, 90-II is equipped with China imitation version of this gun). Later, it was reported that the counting of ZPT-98 originated from the newly developed 120mm smoothbore gun in China. ZPT-98 can launch the newly developed decaying uranium core wing penetrator (APFSDS) developed by China. It is said that the armor-piercing ability is comparable to the most advanced 120mm bomb in the west. In addition, the Type 98 tank can also use high-explosive armor-piercing projectile (HEAT), high-explosive fragmentation projectile (HE-FRAG) and gun-launched laser-guided anti-vehicle missile similar to Russian AT- 1 1. Type 98 still uses the Russian automatic loading system handed down from 85-IIM. The rotating ammunition compartment with a capacity of 22 rounds is located under the turret ring, and the occupants in the turret sit on the ammunition compartment. There is no explosion-proof partition between the combat compartment and the ammunition compartment, so the safety is not as good as that of the first-class main battle vehicles in Europe and America. The maximum theoretical firing rate of Type 98 is about 8 rounds per minute, which should be the value when the barrel is fixed. In actual combat, we must also consider the effectiveness of the shooting control system, the pitch adjustment of the main gun and the proficiency of the personnel. Generally speaking, it takes about 10 to 12 seconds for the main gun to return to the loading position after firing. In terms of armed forces, Type 98 uses Type 85? 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun, and the original type -59 of type 96 is used? 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun.

The research and modification of Type 98 is still in progress. Later, the turret modified by Type 98 (also known as 98G) was equipped with arrow cluster armor similar to that of German Leopard 2A5, which obviously improved the appearance of bullet avoidance and protection. In addition, it is said that it is equipped with an improved automatic loader with more reliability and better performance and an updated second-generation thermal imager. In the future, China will also test the new engine of 1.500 horsepower on Type 98 (which may be an improved model of 150HB or 6DT series), and its maneuverability will be greatly improved. Up to now, China's chariots have gradually escaped from the shadow of Russian chariots. The overall technical level is not the same as that of Amon in the past, and some of its capabilities are almost the same as those of the West and Russia. Although the performance of Type 98 is superior to any kind of chariot developed by China in the past, its precision and cost are also extraordinary, and it is impossible for the PLA to completely change its outfit. Therefore, in the future, the development of a new generation of main battle vehicles in China will adopt the mode of high-low collocation, with a large number of cheaper Type 96 (power, fire control and armor are one level lower than Type 98) as the backbone, and only the more expensive Type 98 will be deployed as the focus. At the end of 200 1, the first batch of 40 98G chariots began to equip the armored forces of China People's Liberation Army. It is estimated in the west that China will produce 98G at a rate of about 20 vehicles per year from 2000, so by 2004, China had equipped 80 to 100 vehicles of this type, but the actual situation is still unclear. By the way, the appearance of Type 96 is very similar to that of Type 98, and the obvious differences include JD-3 laser active reaction system of Type 98, engine compartment heat dissipation grille, bearing wheel spacing and V-shaped bullet-proof steel bar at the front of Type 98. As for the 98G with arrow cluster armor on the front of the turret, it is easy to identify.

For the Army of Taiwan Province Province, the performance of China's self-made chariots surpassed those of M-60A3, CM- 1 1 which started from 85-II? The problems after the appearance of M began at the end of 1990, and the problems surfaced due to the formal production of Type 96 and Type 98. However, due to the limited national defense budget, most of the investment in Taiwan Province Province in recent years has been concentrated in the navy and air force, and it has never been possible to replace the new main battle vehicle. However, due to the limited amphibious energy in China, it is impossible to transport a sufficient number of new chariots across the sea during the decisive battle of the war; In fact, when China sent its mechanized troops to Taiwan Province Island or outlying islands, it showed that Taiwan Province Province lost its air and sea control rights, and the outcome of the defeat was basically decided. Therefore, the threat of China's new main battle vehicle to Taiwan Province Province is not significant. Even so, in order to avoid the situation that Taiwan Province Province can't effectively suppress a new type of chariot similar to Type 98 after landing, Taiwan Province Province had better try to upgrade the related equipment of the chariot; More importantly, the author thinks that the blinding laser system of Type 98 chariot shows that China has successfully developed this kind of equipment, and this kind of equipment should not only be placed on the turret of Type 98 chariot in the future. ?

performance parameter

? 3 or 4 passengers

? The total weight is 54 tons.

? 1500 HP turbocharged intercooled diesel engine

? The top speed of the highway is 80 kilometers per hour.

? The maximum off-road speed is 60 km/h.

? The acceleration time from 0 to 32 kilometers is 12 seconds.

? The basic combat distance is 450 kilometers, and the fuel can reach 600 kilometers.

? 1 125mm smoothbore gun, automatic loader loading, 4 1 firing ammunition, capable of launching gun-launched missiles.

? Multifunctional explosive Grenade

? 1 88 commander machine gun (300 rounds)

? 1 86 7.62mm coaxial machine gun (2000 rounds)

? On the basis of the original composite main armor, the front and side of tank turret are equipped with new wedge-shaped double-defense additional explosion reaction armor.

? Active protection system

? Hunting-fighter fire control system (also known as dual command system)

? Laser dazzling suppression jamming device

? Laser suppression aiming system

? Domestic second generation staring focal plane thermal imager

superiority

? 125mm main gun has advantages over western tanks in caliber.

? On the basis of T-72 tank chassis, a new type of chassis is developed, which has excellent reliability and maintenance cost.

? Unique laser blinding system

? The thickness of the new explosive reaction armor is 5 times thicker than that of the T-90 main battle tank.

? The space inside the car is larger than that of Russian-made chariots-the automatic loader (T-72 mechanical turntable) is safer and less likely to hurt the passengers.

disadvantaged

T-99

? The fire control system is general.

? The total combat weight is relatively large, and the bearing capacity of many bridges in China is relatively poor.

? Engine disassembly is too slow (about 30~40 minutes) and not compact enough.