Application of Geographic Information System in Surveying and Mapping Engineering?

The application of GIS laid the foundation for field survey and promoted the development of survey. Because of the continuous improvement of geographical system, the survey construction work is more convenient and the work accuracy is improved. The continuous development of science and technology has solved the problems in daily life and promoted the development of the world.

I. Geographic Information System

(A) the concept

Geographic information system (GIS) is sometimes called "geo-information system". It is a specific and very important spatial information system. With the support of computer hardware and software system, it collects, outputs, stores, manages, calculates, analyzes and displays the relevant geographical distribution data of the whole or part of the earth's surface space (including the atmosphere). Geographic Information System (GIS) is mainly used to manage the space in urban surveying and mapping, mainly including collection and output, collecting the collected information for statistics and converting it into a database. Convert geographical figures into models for reasonable analysis, and put forward corresponding countermeasures;

II. Traditional Surveying and Mapping and New Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information System

(A) the shortcomings of traditional surveying and mapping

Traditional surveying and mapping methods, mainly manual operation of surveying and mapping tools, not only consume a lot of time, but also have low accuracy, and the traditional surveying and mapping methods are prone to errors. Sometimes in the process of information collection and analysis, man-made problems are not easy to be found. There are still some disadvantages in traditional surveying and mapping, such as the complicated use of surveying and mapping tools, the difficulty in collecting surveying and mapping data, and the lack of professionals.

(B) the main advantages of geographic information system performance

Geographic Information System (GIS) has been improved in timeliness and accuracy, and it is mainly used in the new era. The application of geographic information system in surveying and mapping provides great convenience and saves manpower. After the system action rules are set, it is only necessary to adjust the analysis process and results according to the changes of the external environment. On this basis, the satellite and monitoring equipment are used to monitor the designated area in real time, and the changes of the environment are reflected on the drawings, which improves the accuracy of data, saves the time of surveying and mapping data, and improves the shortage of professionals.

Thirdly, the functional characteristics of geoscience information.

(A) data editing and processing functions

The data editing ability of geo-information system is reflected in the ability to edit pictures, and the editing of pictures is mainly reflected in the modification and editing of images, the splicing of images and maps, the correction of errors and projection transformation, which provides convenience for people's work.

(2) Data acquisition and input function

Geographic Information System (GIS) can collect data in various environments, and can detect the direction, position, size and volume relationship of different substances in various spaces and environments during work. The input methods used are keyboard, business data, digital copy, etc.

(3) Data storage and management

In geographic information system, data is managed by spatial partition and stratification. In order to rationalize and find the data structure more conveniently, there are mainly vector data structure, vector-grating integrated data structure and grating structure.

(d) Spatial query and analysis function

By observing the space in the geographical space system, we can see the images of the earth space, including the intersection of images, the subtraction of images and the merger of images. At the same time, we can also see the connection of any point, line and surface in the earth space. So that people can better observe the state of space. The spatial state of the earth belongs to its position in space and its positional relationship in space. The analysis ability of space system is varied, including remote analysis, network analysis, three-dimensional model analysis and so on. It provides a convenient way for people's lives.

Fourth, the application analysis of geographic information system in engineering surveying and mapping

(A) technical analysis of data acquisition

In the traditional geographic information collection, data collection is a complex and arduous task, which not only consumes manpower and material resources, but also is influenced by environmental factors. For example, thunderstorm weather will affect data collection, and the terrain environment will also affect data collection, such as swamps, Woods and mountains. The use of geographic information system can reduce the errors in engineering surveying and mapping. For the objects stored continuously by entities, geographic information system mainly adopts two ways: grid and vector. Among them, grid storage can determine its resolution according to the width of a single grid, and each single grid has unique row and width values to form a storage unit. Vector storage is mainly expressed by the geometric state of objects in different environments. We collect data through grids and vectors. Geographic information system is widely used, which can not only be used independently, but also improve our information system collection with various machines. For example, we can cooperate with radar laser and camera to make the data we collect more accurate and convenient.

(2) data conversion and processing

The processing of geographic information system is mainly based on the data obtained by its own system for software analysis and data processing. Finally, the processed data is edited, the statistical data is modeled, and finally the spatial data model is transformed through the geographic information system. Finally, the staff analyzed the data and spatial model of the system analysis. Without GIS, data collection is complicated, so it is necessary to establish a spatial model system.

(3) Fine measurement of data

The data refinement system corrects the data more accurately on the basis of the original data. In the fine measurement using data, these points will be automatically connected to form a route. Surveying and mapping personnel will collect, sort out and analyze the measurement data, and find the errors in time and correct them. Reduce errors in construction. In the process of fine data measurement, GIS system can reduce errors and errors in business measurement, and the errors gradually decrease until they are close to zero. Due to the reduction of errors, GIS has been widely used in urban surveying and mapping, and its utilization rate and credibility have been improved.

(d) space system analysis

In GIS system. Its core function is the analysis function of objects in space. Because each link is very complicated and covers many disciplines and knowledge, it is highly technical and needs professionals to operate it. Among them, many disciplines mainly include regional science, economics, geography and so on. Spatial analysis function mainly refers to the statistical integration of the obtained remote sensing data and graphics, and finally establishes a spatial model. The position of graphics in the spatial model and the relationship between concrete objects and virtual objects. The establishment of GIS model is complicated, but it is widely used because of its intelligence and simple operation. GIS has achieved remarkable social and economic benefits in engineering, laying a solid foundation for engineering surveying and mapping.

(5) Stereo output

The important content of GIS application in urban surveying and mapping is stereo output. Surveying and mapping personnel make statistics on the data, and finally synthesize the data. If mistakes, anomalies and errors are reasonably found in the process of output, they must be corrected in time. The stereoscopic output in geographic mapping system is just to make up for the shortage of manpower. With fewer people, the work can be completed faster and the data obtained is very accurate. Therefore, in the later stage of data processing, surveyors need to use three-dimensional output.

(vi) Emergency application of virtual reality

Virtual reality technology is a new surveying and mapping technology. Based on computer, it simulates a three-dimensional empty space, can provide users with visual, auditory, tactile and other sensory simulations, and can directly and timely transmit pictures to people to observe the state of things. Surveying and mapping data can be collected and finally fused together to form a three-dimensional map. This three-dimensional map is a brand-new model, which allows people to be in it. We can use this three-dimensional map to simulate various accident scenes, which greatly saves costs and calls on everyone to actively participate. This kind of training reduces the input cost and can also play the role of exercise. It can also simulate the flood and rainfall inundation in cities. Virtual reality technology can automatically draw the road map of evacuation system and simulate evacuation. This virtual technology synthesis can also be used in a variety of devices, but it does not achieve the right effect. For example, when simulating an indoor evacuation drill, the indoor positioning system has been integrated to simulate indoor evacuation, and the virtual scene will automatically locate the site information, which is convenient for specifying the rescue plan.

(7) Rapid processing technology of surveying and mapping emergency data.

Surveying and mapping emergency data, processing the obtained original data to make convenient illustrations, and fusing them with emergency data under the fusion of professional surveying and mapping software such as emergency rapid mapping system and remote sensing image integrated mapping system, and finally forming emergency data rapid processing technology. Remote sensing image comprehensive mapping system mainly uses photogrammetry technology to transmit pictures to people. The system can restore the correct position and size of objects, cooperate with different data and speed up information processing. The integrated mapping of remote sensing images is more convenient, and the data of emergency process can be mapped with the rapid mapping system. Based on the existing data structure, the collected data are quickly extracted and edited, and the emergency map is finally obtained through rapid labeling and symbols. Fig. 2 emergency flow chart of surveying and mapping.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

The application of GIS will become the mainstream development direction and goal in the future, realizing the diversification of information and promoting the development of urban surveying. We need to get rid of its dross, take its essence and make continuous development and progress on the road of urban measurement.

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