What are piano, chess, calligraphy and painting?

Note: In ancient times, playing the piano (mostly guqin), playing chess (mostly Weiqi), calligraphy and painting were the skills that literati (including some aristocratic families) had to master to cultivate their self-cultivation, so they were collectively called piano, chess, calligraphy and painting. Now it is often used to express personal cultural accomplishment.

Out of Guangxu's "North Dream" Volume 5: "Tang, Pengzhou people. Smart, knowledgeable and literate. As for the astronomical almanac, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, flute and huqin, they led the flow of Liang Zhu Yi. "

example

Feng Ming's magnum "Yu Shi Ming Yan" Volume 12: "Twenty-five years old, generous and talented, ~, everything."

The seventh time in Zhang Qing's Nanzhuang's "He Dian", "Whether it's depicting dragons or embroidering phoenixes, it's very good, ~, just like everything."

Used as subject, object and attribute; Mostly used for women.

guqin

Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin has been popular since Confucius' time and has a history of at least 3000 years. At the beginning of this century, it was called "Guqin". The creators of Qin include Fuxi Playing the Piano, Shennong Playing the Piano, Shun Playing the Banjo and Singing the South Wind, etc. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China. "My Fair Lady, Friends of Rabbit and Rabbit" is recorded in The Book of Songs Guanluo, and "Rabbit and Rabbit beat drums to rule Tianzu" is also recorded in The Book of Songs Xiaoya.

play chess

Mencius Gao Zi Zhang Sentence said: Today, the number of Fu Sai is decimal. Be inattentive

, you may not also. Qiu Yi is the best athlete in this country. Let Qiu Yi teach two people to play chess, one of them.

Concentrate on it, but listen to it; Although a person listened and thought it was a swan.

I think that if I shoot with a bow, I will learn everything, if I do it. Because of its wisdom, it is not natural.

calligraphy

Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China. Chinese characters in China were created by working people and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Because our ancestors invented the brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger book, their writing rules are not completely different from those of brush, but they are basically the same. Based on tracing the source (after Oracle bone inscriptions), this paper focuses on the law of writing Chinese characters with a brush. As long as we have a "narrow" understanding of calligraphy, it will be of great benefit to understand "broad" calligraphy.

Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on. For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low.

Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art. With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not limited to using brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has greatly increased. For example, in terms of using tools, there are many kinds of pens alone, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, and spray gun branding tools. Pigment is not only black ink block, but also ink, adhesive, chemicals, paint glaze and so on. In the past, Four Treasures of the Study-pen, ink, paper, inkstone, its meaning has also been greatly expanded, and there are many varieties, too numerous to mention; From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens at all, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example; From the point of view of style and composition, in addition to the authentic traditional calligraphy school, there is also an "Yi" school in China, which is called modern calligraphy. Innovating on the basis of traditional calligraphy, highlighting the word "change", integrating poetry, calligraphy and painting, striving for the unity of form and content, and making the work a masterpiece of "beauty in meaning, beauty in sound and beauty in form". In Japan, many calligraphers abandoned the language of writing and established the "image" of writing, and the school of "ink image" came into being to write various writing images with the weight of the pen, the opening and closing of Ji Xu and the nib, and the change of writing posture. Although this school of calligraphy emphasizes "image" and its writing is novel, not all Chinese characters are "image", so its development is limited. All these (of course, not only these) can be seen that calligraphy, like other things, is constantly developing and changing. This point must be highly valued by people in the calligraphy field.

draw

Painting is the art of copying nature by hand on a two-dimensional plane. In medieval Europe, painting was often called "the art of monkeys", because just as monkeys liked to imitate human activities, painting also imitated scenes. Before the 20th century, the more realistic the painting was, the higher the technology was. But in the 20th century, with the appearance and development of photography technology, painting began to turn to express the painter's subjective self. When a connoisseur sees a painting, he sometimes can't tell what it is, but he can definitely tell who painted it. Every painter began to form his own unique style.