What are the comparison, analogy and example sentences in the lesson of Suzhou Gardens in sections 3-8?

First, the overall grasp

This paper first summarizes the characteristics of Suzhou gardens as a whole, and then expounds them from various aspects. Although the article didn't mention the names of any gardens or describe the specific scenery, the knowledge about Suzhou gardens gained by readers was comprehensive and clear. At the same time, readers have gained some ways to appreciate China gardens.

The characteristics of Suzhou gardens are: to ensure that no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them. In other words, "everything must exist to form a perfect picture, and it can't hurt the failure of beauty." There are many famous gardens in Suzhou, such as Humble Administrator's Garden, Master of Nets Garden, Lingering Garden, Canglang Pavilion and Lion Forest. , which are the most prominent. In other words, as far as these gardens are concerned, their buildings, landscapes, flowers and trees are different and have their own characteristics. These famous gardens all have their own styles and vitality. It is not easy to sum up the common ground from these gardens with different faces and styles. The author skillfully focuses on the impression of Suzhou gardens from the perspective of tourists. "Difficult" is to find the same from the differences. China's garden art is interlinked with the art of poetry and painting, and China's gardens have always been regarded as picturesque. Therefore, the author's feelings as a tourist are accurate and appropriate, which also shows the author's profound artistic accomplishment. In addition, for the "map", we should also study it deeply to better understand the characteristics of Suzhou gardens. Generally speaking, the scenery depicted in the picture comes from nature and is higher than nature. The painter extracts, refines and concentrates the natural scenery, and then creates a more aesthetic picture without violating the natural principles. Based on this, we can understand that the beauty of Suzhou gardens is carefully arranged without destroying nature. "No matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them" and "always in front of them" emphasize that Suzhou garden is a perfect artistic whole.

The overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens are mainly reflected in the following four aspects:

(1) Pay attention to the layout of pavilions. The layout of pavilions "never pays attention to symmetry". The author compares the layout of Suzhou gardens with traditional buildings in China, and compares pattern painting with artistic painting, which shows that Suzhou gardens have the beauty of natural layout.

(2) Pay attention to the cooperation between rockery and pond. The piling of rockeries has a natural interest, which makes people forget that they are rockeries. Ponds and swamps "refer to running water" because running water is interesting. "Some gardens and ponds are spacious ... and bridges are often arranged", which is adapted to local conditions and confirms the previous statement that "designers and craftsmen are creative according to local conditions". More than two bridges are never the same. In fact, they are all about avoiding symmetry and paying attention to the interest of nature. Don't let go of details, such as the stone embankment "always bends up and down" and several stones or plants are arranged. These arrangements make the rockeries and ponds in Suzhou gardens look like nature, although they are artificial, which is exactly what the landscape in the garden pursues.

(3) Pay attention to the foil of flowers and trees. The foil of flowers and trees is also "focusing on painting". Firstly, the author introduces the good intention of planting flowers and trees: we should pay attention to scattered trees and take care of seasonal changes. Then introduce the pruning skills of flowers and trees: take it naturally. Taking "Gu Teng" as an example, the comparison between "pine and cypress are like towers" and "roadside trees are like parades" shows that the planting and pruning of flowers and trees conform to the aesthetics of Chinese painting.

(4) Pay attention to the level of close-range perspective. The ingenious use of flower walls and corridors makes Suzhou gardens appear multi-level and depth of field. The scenery is not displayed in front of tourists in an unobstructed view, but one after another. Visitors can enjoy the fun of changing scenery and get deeper aesthetic enjoyment.

Finally, starting with the details of the garden, the author introduces the picturesque beauty of Suzhou gardens, that is, paying attention to the composition beauty of every corner of the garden, the pattern carving beauty of doors and windows, and the color beauty of buildings. This is a re-emphasis on the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

Second, the problem research

In this paper, painting is mentioned many times, and painting is linked with landscape architecture, and landscape architecture is analyzed with the principle of painting, or the principle of painting is confirmed with landscape architecture, and several points are tried to explain briefly.

1. "Gardens are artistic paintings, and artistic paintings require natural interest and do not pay attention to symmetry."

2. "There are also some beautiful stones there ... this is also to achieve the effect of a painting from all angles."

3. "There are no pines and cypresses as neatly trimmed as pagodas ... it's not worth taking."

4. "Several gardens are full of Gu Teng, and the winding branches are a good painting."

5. "... Suzhou gardens pay attention to the beauty of every corner ... add some bamboo or bananas. "

"Painting" and "painting" in the above statement should refer to Chinese painting. The arguments in 1 and 3 sentences are all based on the aesthetics of Chinese painting, but the small scenes chosen by the author in 2, 4 and 5 sentences are familiar to us because they were very common in Chinese painting.

Practice note

1. What are the overall characteristics of Suzhou gardens? From what aspects does the article specifically explain this feature?

The purpose of setting topics is to guide students to grasp the structure of the article as a whole, understand the main content of the article, and realize that they should grasp the characteristics when explaining things.

The text summarizes the characteristics of Suzhou gardens from the perspective of tourists, that is, to ensure that no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them. This article first explains this feature from four main aspects: the layout of pavilions, the coordination of rockery ponds, the setting off of flowers and trees, and the level of close view, and then explains it from three subtle aspects: the beauty of composition in every corner, the beauty of patterns in doors and windows, and the beauty of architectural colors.

Try to find the words added in the following sentences and answer the questions.

1. If you want to give an overall impression, I think Suzhou Gardens are specimens of gardens in China.

What does "specimen" mean here? )

2. The piling of rockeries can be said to be an art, not just a technology.

What is the difference between "art" and "technology"? )

3. But there are all kinds of hollow patterns made of bricks on the wall, and most of the sides of the corridor are borderless. In fact, it is separated but not separated, and the boundary does not exist, thus increasing the depth of the scene.

What do you mean by "not separated, but bounded"? Can you describe this situation in your own words? )

The purpose of setting the topic is to make students understand the rich words in the text but the author has not explained them in detail.

1. The "specimen" here refers to models and samples.

2. "Art" is an activity that emphasizes individual originality, and its achievements can give people aesthetic pleasure and cannot be copied; "Technology" means that there are fixed procedures and skills, and the results are practical things, which can generally be copied in large quantities.

3. "Separated but not separated, bounded but not bounded" means that although at first glance, the landscape is separated by the flower wall and the porch, but because the wall is hollow and there is nothing on both sides of the porch, the landscape is not really separated, just buffering the line of sight, so that the scenery is not presented to tourists in an unobstructed view, but unfolded one by one, making tourists feel psychologically that the landscape in the garden is complex and hierarchical.

Third, some explanatory methods are commonly used in explanatory texts, such as the following definitions, examples, comparisons, metaphors, classifications, charts, figures, quotations, etc. Look at the interpretation methods used in this article and "China Stone Arch Bridge", and talk about their functions with examples.

The purpose of setting the topic is to let students know the commonly used explanation methods in the explanatory text. It is not difficult to understand how to use these explanations and their functions. In the process of looking for specific examples, students can gain some perceptual knowledge, and teachers don't have to explain too much.

The interpretation methods adopted in this paper and Chinese stone arch bridges are as follows:

For example:

(1) There are stone arch bridges almost everywhere in China ... The most famous ones are Zhao Zhouqiao in Zhao County, Hebei Province and Lugou Bridge in Fengtai District, Beijing.

(2) There are many innovations in building technology, and there are more unexpected methods for hoisting. Such as the Jiangdong Bridge in Zhangzhou, Fujian. ...

First introduce a phenomenon or explain a truth, and then use specific examples to illustrate it. This is a bit comprehensive, which not only increases the credibility of the article, but also makes the article flesh and blood.

For comparison:

(1) Most buildings in China, from ancient palaces to modern houses, are symmetrical, no matter what happens on the left, so is the right. Suzhou gardens are by no means symmetrical.

(2) Unlike Beijing gardens, Suzhou gardens rarely use paintings.

By comparison, it is easy to highlight the characteristics of the explained object.

For example:

(1) The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow.

(2) bridge opening is not an ordinary semicircle, but like a bow.

Metaphor can make the image of the explained object tangible.

Column number:

(1) Zhao Zhouqiao is very magnificent, with a total length of 50.82 meters and a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, slightly narrower in the middle and 9 meters wide.

(2) (Lugou Bridge) The bridge is 265 meters long and consists of 1 1 semicircle stone arches. The length of each semicircle stone arch varies from 16 meters to 2 1.6 meters.

By using the column number method, readers can accurately understand the description object through the determined numbers. The accuracy of numbers is an important aspect of the accuracy of explanatory language.

Quote:

(1) In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said that looking at this bridge from a distance, such as "the moon rises at the beginning of the cloud, and Changhong drinks a stream".

(2) at that time, an Italian Kyle Poirot came to China. In his travels, he spoke highly of the bridge, saying it was "unique in the world" ...

Quoting other people's words or related materials can enhance the persuasiveness of the article.

Choose one of the following two questions.

1. What methods have you learned from the text to appreciate China gardens?

Write an article about a garden you visited, about 200 words.

The purpose of setting the topic is to let students use some knowledge gained from the text to appreciate the garden, improve the level of garden appreciation, and initially practice writing explanatory articles.

1. Because as the article says, "Suzhou Gardens are specimens of gardens in China", the knowledge gained from this article about appreciating gardens can be transferred and utilized. Generally speaking, the way students can understand is to pay attention to whether the layout of all aspects in the park is appropriate and whether the placement of specific scenery is natural and reasonable.

2. You can also introduce villages, streets or communities. , and pay attention to grasp the characteristics of writing, appropriate use of some interpretation methods.

1. Understand the structure of the general statement and sub-statement of this article, and explain the diversity of languages.

2. Understand the characteristics of Suzhou gardens and appreciate the landscape of the first house in the south of China, so as to appreciate the beautiful scenery and inspire students to love the splendid culture of the motherland.

[Key and Difficult Points]

1, key point: understand the structure of the article.

2. Difficulties: the characteristics of the article language.

[Teaching time]

First teaching time

First, import

About the author:

Ye Shengtao, formerly known as Ye, is a famous modern writer, educator and editor from Suzhou, Jiangsu. He has taught in primary schools, middle schools and universities, and made great contributions to the reform of Chinese teaching and the construction of teaching materials. The 1920s and 1930s were important stages on his creative path. During this period, he wrote many works, the most famous of which are the novel Ni Huanzhi, the collection of fairy tales The Scarecrow and the Stone Statue of Ancient Heroes. Published the complete works of Ye Shengtao.

Ye Shengtao, a native of Suzhou, is familiar with Suzhou gardens, so he has a deep understanding of the tastes and characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

This article is the preface of Suzhou Gardens, and we will study it as an expository article. This paper not only introduces the characteristics of Suzhou gardens, but also has vivid and beautiful words, which are worth learning from writing conception and language application.

Second, read the text aloud.

Requirements: master the phonetic notation of words and further understand the meaning of words in the text; Think about how the author introduces the general characteristics of Suzhou gardens to readers.

Thirdly, analyze the structure of the article from the perspective of writing conception.

Students ask questions and explore together.

Q: This is an exposition of things. What are the characteristics of Suzhou gardens?

Guide the students to find out the content of the text explaining the characteristics of things in this article, that is, in paragraph 2, "the consistent pursuit is to ensure that tourists always have a perfect picture in front of them no matter where they stand." This is the center of the whole paper, and "pictures" become the clue to introduce Suzhou gardens.

Question: How does the author grasp the central idea of the whole article and arrange the structure of the whole article?

Students discuss and the teacher summarizes.

At the beginning of the article, the key words "specimen" (originally referring to the animals and plants used for study and research, here meaning "model") and "appreciation" (referring to the appreciation and evaluation of works of art) are combined to understand the position and function of Suzhou gardens in China garden architecture. This is the beginning of the full text, which establishes the research object of this paper-Suzhou gardens (overall).

Question: In the second paragraph, how many layers did the author write around the common characteristics of Suzhou gardens?

Discussion and induction:

First, put aside differences and focus on common ground.

Two, Suzhou gardens have four "exquisiteness" in common.

Third, emphasize the common ground again ("everything should be a perfect picture")

Fourth, use the words of tourists to confirm the author's evaluation-highlighting that this article is described from the perspective of the viewer.

Q: What is the relationship between paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 2 of the text?

The second paragraph is a general statement and the others are separate statements. Each paragraph is in harmony with the previous "exquisiteness", which specifically expounds the beauty of the picture embodied in a certain aspect of Suzhou gardens. The above four aspects are the key points, and the author will explain them in detail.

Question: What is written in paragraphs 7, 8 and 9 of the text, and what does it have to do with the center?

There is room at the end of the article, which is memorable.

Thinking: What is the sequence of events in this article? Discussion and induction:

From the full text, according to the order from the whole to the part. Start with each part, in the order from main to secondary, from big to small.

Tip: The structural level of this article is also reflected in the paragraph. Take paragraph 3 as an example for analysis.

Question: In order to explain the characteristics of things and give readers a concrete image feeling, the author should choose an appropriate interpretation method. Try to find out the explanation method used in the third paragraph and analyze its function.

Induction:

By using the methods of comparison and metaphor, it is explained that Suzhou gardens are artistic paintings without paying attention to symmetry, and emphasize the natural interest.

Exercise after class 1

Second teaching time

First, review the old lessons.

Second, learn the diversity of this language.

Tip: The diversity of the language in this paper can be summarized in the following aspects:

1, the use of multiple expressions.

2. The diversity of sentences: descriptive and general sentences.

3. The text is concise, accurate and thorough.

4. The use of various rhetorical methods.

The use of various expressions:

Question: What expressions are used in this article? Take paragraph 5 as an example. Students speak and summarize:

1 sentence is a description, which shows the beauty of the picture in contrast to flowers and trees. The second sentence is description, describing the scene where the high branches are leaning down and the low branches are lifted up, which is full of movement and gives people a sense of hierarchy. The fourth sentence "because according to the aesthetic point of view of another painting, this is not worth taking." This is a discussion to clarify the artistic effect of this planting.

Question: Can you find any examples of using multiple expressions?

As mentioned in paragraph 7, the discussion in paragraph 1 not only enhances the vividness and interest of the article, but also evaluates Suzhou gardens.

Q: I see there are many specific sentences in this article. In fact, there are many general sentences in this article. Let's find them.

For example, the second paragraph summarizes the general characteristics of Suzhou gardens; The first sentences of paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 all play a role in summarizing the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.

Third, the characteristics of language.

Question: Please find out the characteristics of the words used in this article.

1, accurate

Appreciation: refers to the appreciation and evaluation of works of art. (Appreciate, appreciate, watch)

Step 2 be careful

Please say the functions of the underlined words.

① Gardens all over the country are more or less influenced by Suzhou Gardens.

(2) Ensure that no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them.

Most of the buildings in our country, from ancient palaces to modern generals' houses, are symmetrical.

4 Suzhou gardens are different from Beijing, and paintings are rarely used.

Step 3 refine

Please read paragraph 7 and tell us why the verbs "plant", "spread" and "make up" are used well.

These verbs describe the elaborate layout of designers and craftsmen appropriately and vividly, turning silence into action and tone into color.

Question: Can you find out the various rhetorical methods used in this article?

Parallel: Paragraph 2. Question: Paragraph 3. Metaphor: the third paragraph.

Some people say that this article has the characteristics of prose, because the author naturally and truly describes the landscape of Suzhou gardens, which enables us to enjoy the beauty. As the title, people feel nostalgic. Can you find an example from the article?

For example, there are scenes and feelings at the end of paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 and at the end of the full text.

Four. abstract

From beginning to end, this paper explains the common characteristics of Suzhou gardens with different characteristics-no matter where tourists stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of them, showing their appreciation and attachment to Suzhou gardens.