Junior high school students' lens composition, such as how to write mine where to stay.

Examination-oriented composition guide 4: layout mode

[Method refers to Tianjin]

The layout of composition can be divided into three categories: vertical, horizontal and crisscross; According to the organizational form of materials, they can be divided into two categories: traditional and innovative. In recent years, the number of topic compositions and non-limited style compositions has been increasing, giving students the freedom to write "The sky is high and the sea is wide and the fish is jumping". If we can master some innovative modes, it will be of great benefit to write a good test paper. The common innovation models are as follows-

First, diary style

Diary is the most familiar and commonly used form of writing practice for students. Used in the composition layout of examination room, with distinct levels, simple transition and sincere feelings. Take "examination questions" as the topic, draw up your own topic and write your own composition (except poetry). A candidate started with three diaries on the topic "All caused by examination questions". This article is about a series of "troubles" caused by a poor student named "I" who made many mistakes in a math exam. The three diaries are "Severe Criticism of Teachers in Classroom", "Malicious Sarcasm of Students in Dormitory" and "Rough Scolding of Parents in Family". And the three diaries skillfully use weather-related words such as "light rain", "heavy rain" and "storm" to imply the development of the plot and convey the author's mood. This article was highly praised for its ingenious layout and sincere feelings.

Second, the lens type

The lens style is also called editing style. Using this method, different shots at different times, different places and different scenes can be organically linked in a certain order. In this way, we can break through the limitation of time and space, live freely, become chaotic and have a strong visual sense. Lens is a common layout method in exam composition. For example, 200 1, the exam question in Xiaogan city, Hubei province is: "I left mine there." A kind of article "My childhood was left there" is arranged in the form of a lens. The author used "Little Tree", "Little Silkworm", "Little Story" and "Little Windmill" as subtitles.

String together the full text, I wrote about the little tree that grew up with me, the little silkworm that scared me to death, the short story my grandmother told me, "Once upon a time there was a mountain, there was a temple on it …", and the beautiful little windmill my uncle made for me. A set of typical shots reproduces my golden childhood and reveals the author's deep attachment to the small mountain village where I was born and raised.

Third, decentralized.

Scattered point style refers to the arrangement of several points around a center, each point has a beautiful sentence, and several points are connected to form a beautiful prose. The most outstanding advantages of this kind of "San" exercise are clear hierarchy, beautiful language and strong emotion. Decentralized layout is often a surprise. When writing an article, the title must contain the word "like". The exercise entitled "I like ..." is written like this-

I like to watch a red sun rising on the horizon of Ran Ran in the foggy morning.

I like to listen to cicadas in the Woods at noon when the heat wave is rolling;

I like to smell the fragrant rice and flowers in the fields when frogs are screaming in the bright moonlight night. ……

The full text chooses beautiful things as lyrical objects, expressing the author's love for life and pursuit of beauty, which is a masterpiece full of youthful atmosphere.

Fourth, the letter type.

Writing a big composition in the form of letters is free, flexible, cordial and true. Writing on the topic of "Beijing's Olympic bid" is not limited to style except poetry. A candidate wrote a composition entitled "A Letter to IOC President Samaranch", which objectively introduced the strength of China in hosting the Olympic Games, enthusiastically described the efforts made by the people of China to bid for the Olympic Games, enthusiastically expressed the people of China's desire for hosting the Olympic Games, and appropriately expressed the people of China's confidence in hosting the Olympic Games. The article is permeated with the patriotic enthusiasm of the author everywhere, and this article also got full marks because of its flexible form, informative content and proper expression.

Five, short play style

The script is fascinating because of its concentrated plot in time and space, sharp contradictions and conflicts, and concise and vivid lines. It is also a good way to write a composition for the senior high school entrance examination in the form of a script. Write an article on "Right and Wrong". An article is "wrong? Yes! " Practice writing in the form of a one-act play. The main idea of the plot is: I am a student who loves writing. I am still busy writing some novels in grade three, and I don't want to be caught by the teacher. There is a debate between teachers and students about whether it is right or wrong for junior three students to write novels. The typical environmental description, vivid dialogue between characters, vivid stage prompts and fierce conflicts in this paper reflect the academic confusion of modern students and can arouse people's deep thinking about modern education.

Sixth, the creative style.

The creative style is a new story of "old bottle and new spill". That is to borrow familiar myths, fables and fairy tales. Create and adapt them, inject new content, and use fables to reflect real life. Such an article has words in one place and effects in another. Take "money" as the topic, and write an article on your own topic, regardless of style. A candidate conceived a wonderful composition on the topic of "New Theory of the Fairy World". Please look at the wonderful excerpt. When Zeus saw the Jade Emperor, he said angrily, "Jade Emperor, come and judge. Athena, the goddess of wisdom, wants to quit her job and start a "creative company" with her sage, saying that she can earn at least 800 yuan with her thoughts in one month. It's no use being a god: Cupid is shooting now.

The company is the image spokesperson. ...

The article reflects the human world with the immortal world, which is thought-provoking: even immortals can't escape the temptation of money, which shows that money has corrupted some people!

7. Dialogue.

Dialogue is oral communication. The forms of conversation can be face-to-face conversation, telephone conversation and online conversation. Writing with dialogue is also a kind of creation. If you can write a composition on the topic of "stress", you can also add appropriate words before, after or before the word "stress" according to what you want to write, and then write your own composition. This topic can be written in a dialogue way, for example, the topic can be drafted as "dialogue about stress"; The content can be written as follows: I was under great study pressure and heavy ideological burden, so I called a psychologist. Why is the pressure so great after "reducing the burden"? How should family society attach great importance to it? How to guide correctly? This kind of writing is flexible and clear-headed, and it will surely stand out.

New theme guide

Title 1: Today is a good day.

There must be some particularly happy and festive days in my heart. What did you do, see, hear and think about that day? Please write a composition on the above topics, regardless of style.

If you use vertical arrangement, you can write about one thing (for example, China's successful bid for the Olympic Games), explain the reason, process and result of the matter, intersperse stories, skillfully make waves, and fully display the fascinating charm of the article.

If the horizontal layout is adopted, you can choose several things (for example, choose such materials: on the same day, my diligent father got a college diploma, my laid-off mother opened a new restaurant, and I wore a shiny group emblem with excellent academic performance. ) to write and "take pictures" from multiple angles to show the colorful beauty of the article.

If the cross layout is adopted, the advantages of the first two layouts should be concentrated, and necessary connections and transitions should be made at the cross.

Title II: Silhouette of Campus Life

In your junior high school life, what wonderful life fragments will remain in your memory forever and cannot be erased? Please write a composition with the above topics.

[Hug] This question is more suitable for lens layout. The key to this layout is to list subheadings. Time can be subtitled, such as "morning", "noon" and "evening"; The location can be subtitled, such as "classroom", "playground" and "dormitory"; People can add subtitles; This event can be subtitled; You can use letters as subtitles; Numbers can be used as subtitles; You can also use spaces instead of subtitles. The selected lens should be typical and have different angles, or choose a point in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, or a long point in bitterness, spicy, sour and sweet. In a word, we should be able to reflect the mental outlook of contemporary middle school students from several wonderful shots.

Topic 3: A cooperation.

In our life, many things can't be done by one person, and cooperation is often needed. Some of these cooperations have succeeded, some have failed, some have inspired people, and some have left lessons ... Please complete the topic and then write a composition.

In addition to the traditional format, this paper can also choose diary format, creative format, fairy tale format, short play format and so on.

The following is an example of a fairy tale layout, titled "A Bad Cooperation"-

There are many singers in the bird kingdom.

Phoenix, the king of birds, decided to organize these singers to sing in chorus.

Before the chorus, each singer performed alone, and the wonderful singing intoxicated all the birds present.

(4) When singing in chorus, the performance effect is very bad because of the different rhythms and tones of the singers.

⑤ Point out the importance of "cooperation" in the words of an old tit, and wrap up the full text.

Guide to Exam-oriented Composition 5: Disseminating Content

[Method refers to Tianjin]

Some students choose novel materials, establish a healthy theme and lay out a satisfactory pattern, but their articles are always thin, superficial and dull. The reason is that students cannot spread the content to a great extent. Generally, there are the following methods to spread the content:

I. Situational style

Situational communication is to integrate lyricism with scenery writing, so as to achieve the performance effect of virtual reality and implicit euphemism. This method is mostly used to write narratives. There is an exercise in My good sister-in-law to the effect that my sister-in-law's husband (my cousin) was injured in prison because of negligence, and my sister-in-law should visit her husband alone, take care of her in-laws, raise her children and take care of the farmland. But instead of complaining, she provoked the burden of the family with her weak body. This article has typical materials and sincere feelings, but it always lacks some charm to read. Later, it was circulated like this: the paper was written several times in front of my sister-in-law, describing white flowers and their delicate fragrance several times, and changed the title to "Fragrant Sophora japonica". In this way, people and flowers set each other off and become interesting, and the scene blends, and the article has poetic beauty. For example, the theme "Where did I put mine?" can be developed in a situational way.

Second, contrast.

Contrast is to compare two different people or things or two different aspects of the same person or thing, so as to clearly show their differences, highlight their characteristics and reveal their essence. You can write a narrative like this. There is an article "What did I get back from the Japanese post office" as an example. The author compares all aspects of post office workers in Japan with those in China: Japanese workers, whether they have customers or not, don't knit, read casual books or talk about family affairs, and far from enjoying their life as workers in China; Write that Japanese workers are nosy and help when they see many customers at the counter. They are far inferior to China workers who know how to combine work and rest. Writing about Japanese employees is too impatient. There is only one customer in front of the counter, and I have to run around. They are far less calm than China employees. Writing that Japanese workers have to bow to others like dogs when they do things for others is far less backbone than our workers in China ... In fact, the purpose of this article is to criticize the staff of China Post Office for not being dedicated and disciplined, not enthusiastic about cooperation, not stressing efficiency and not respecting the work style of customers. If you write directly, it may not be wonderful. However, the author skillfully uses contrast, praise and criticism to make the expression more ingenious and the theme more prominent, leaving readers with heavy thinking. Such as "great changes in my hometown" and "I don't depend on others anymore" can be spread in this way. Contrastive communication can also be used to write argumentative essays. If you first demonstrate the central argument and then demonstrate it from the opposite side, the argument will be more thorough, clear and impeccable. Contrast diffusion can also be used to write notes, which can better explain the characteristics of things in contrast.

Third, the style inside and outside.

Exterior-interior style is a form of communication from appearance to heart, from result to reason, from phenomenon to essence. This method can be used to write a narrative. This is how the practice of "remembering a sandstorm" is carried out. The author first wrote the terrible scene when the sandstorm struck, then wrote the miserable scene after the sandstorm struck, and then wrote the huge losses caused by the sandstorm to his hometown with a set of data. Finally, he wrote at the end: "Today's earth is full of sandstorms, floods, environmental pollution and greenhouse effect. Isn't this a yellow card warning from nature? Yes, if you violate the laws of nature, you will be punished by nature. For human beings, please be kind to nature! " From the surface to the inside, the article spreads naturally, with substantial content and profound theme. Topics such as "This is also a classroom" and "Life tells me" can be developed in this way. This method can also be used to write argumentative essays, especially articles on one topic and one discussion, and it is also suitable for writing rational expositions.

Fourthly, polygon type.

Multi-angle deployment is a side-by-side and horizontal material assembly method. Writing a narrative in this way is to take photos and videos from different angles like a photographer, which can give readers a sense of beauty. There is an exercise draft of Sleeping Fairy Biography, which says that Brother Sleeping Fairy sleeps late in the morning, takes a nap in the afternoon and watches TV at night. These three parts were shot from the same angle, which is equivalent to wasting two negatives. After the revision, the image of Sleeping Fairy is portrayed in many ways according to his long sleep, unique posture and strange snoring. This method is used to write argumentative essays, that is, to arrange several sub-arguments in parallel for argument. For example, the article "Ideal Ladder" demonstrates from three aspects: the ideal ladder belongs to hardworking people; The ideal ladder belongs to those who cherish time, and the ideal ladder belongs to those who face difficulties This multi-angle development, subtle interpretation and clear organization are magnificent. Writing expository articles from multiple angles means adopting a divided structure and arranging parallel paragraphs to explain things or things.

5. Point-to-surface style

Point-to-area method is a kind of communication method from individual to general and from special to general. From a few to many, from a few to many, and from a few to many. This method can be used to write a narrative. There is an exercise entitled "Frog's Complaint", which used a lot of space to write that frogs complained about human sins and strongly demanded that "frog people" be given "frog rights". Finally, "Frogman" shouted loudly: We are not alone, but we don't know that woodpeckers as "rural guards" are often shot for no reason, snakes as "rat catchers" are repeatedly cut open, the number of rare birds and animals has dropped sharply, and many living fossils have disappeared ... Dear human beings, you are brutally destroying us and them, and you will eventually destroy yourself! "This passage leads to the collective accusation of animals by accusing frogs, which makes the article richer in content and more powerful in expression. This method can also be used to write argumentative essays. For example, when writing a composition on the topic of "from the singer's lip-synching", we can think of many similar events, such as "fake products", "fake diplomas" and "fake political achievements" to increase the weight of the article.

Six, cadence

Implosion is a form of communication, intended to praise someone or something, but first deliberately belittle it. It often has a winding path leading to a secluded place. There is such a material: "I" is a child in a village, and the economic conditions at home are not good. When I go home on Sunday, I will go back to school. My sister filled my vegetable bottle and stole the diced meat inside. It's my sister's greed. Sister said, "Sister, you are not at home, so let's eat side dishes. As soon as you get home, mom always cuts meat and buys fish for you. You eat it and take it to school. If only you were at home every day! " This material eulogizes a deep maternal love and has a unique selection of materials. If you write about things, it may not be a masterpiece. We don't have to "suppress" it first-when I go home on weekends, my neighbors say hello to my daughter from a distance, my baby keeps barking, and my mother just smiles at me. This comparison is very unpleasant. And my sister secretly ate diced meat, which made me fly into a rage. Finally, when my sister said that sentence, the deep maternal love was "raised", so that when she wrote it, the article was tortuous and vivid.

New theme guide

Title 1: I am no longer afraid of difficulties.

"No longer afraid" means "I used to be afraid", so this article should be compared and spread. Contrast expansion should be carried out in many ways. For example, the comparison of different attitudes before and after I faced difficulties, the comparison of different moods after I compromised and overcame difficulties, and the comparison of different evaluations from others … The comparison should be reasonable. Write clearly the reason why I am no longer afraid of difficulties: is it my own awakening, the help of others, or both? Only when the reasons are clearly written, the changes before and after are logical.

Title II: Understanding of Life

[Hug] This article should not only describe specific events, but also extract unique insights from specific events, so it should be unfolded in a way that is consistent with the outside. The difficulty in writing this article lies in arousing feelings. To mobilize emotions, we should pay attention to the following three points: First, emotions should be natural. It should be triggered naturally from the event itself and should not be forcibly labeled in the article. Second, sentiment

It should be novel. It should not always be a cliche such as "Everything seems to be done with the brain", "Modesty makes people progress, and pride makes people lag behind", but should be a warning and philosophical thinking of "people do something". It should treat one as ten and avoid verbosity.

Title 3: Moonlight touches my feelings.

[Hug] This article is full of emotions and scenes, and it should be unfolded in a situational way. Attention should be paid to the communication: the scenery and the author should set off each other, the scenery and narrative should be interrelated, and the scenery and lyric should blend with each other. There should be similarities and differences between several scenes in the whole article, and the importance should be light and appropriate.

Title 4: I finally understand.

Choose to complete the above questions before writing a composition, regardless of style.

[Hint] "I finally understand" means that I didn't understand it before. There must be doubts, misunderstandings and twists and turns. Spreading this article should make it rise and fall.

If you portray a character, you can spread it in a restrained way. You can write about your misunderstanding of someone first, and then your understanding of someone. After you understand the truth, you can show the beautiful mind of the character in cadence. On the contrary, it can expose the ugly soul of the character in the first promotion and then suppression.

If you describe an event, you can spread it quickly. First, several sets of bedding were set up to make things develop in the opposite direction, and finally, there was an unexpected turning point at the end, shaking out the truth of the matter.

If you introduce knowledge, you can spread it suspense. You can pose a puzzling phenomenon first, and then explain its scientific truth step by step.

Topic 5: Read the following materials, write your own topic and write an argumentative essay.

There are many people on the bus. A lady accidentally stepped on a gentleman's foot and quickly blushed and apologized, saying, "I'm sorry I stepped on you." Unexpectedly, the gentleman smiled: "No, no, I should say I'm sorry. My feet are too thin. " 1 of "coax", the carriage immediately rang with laughter.

This article can be developed point to point-first quote the above story and put forward arguments (for example, as long as there is more understanding and tolerance between people, the world will become better. ), and then leads to many stories similar to the above materials, which fully proves the argument in the point-to-surface expansion.

This article can be developed by contrast-around the argument, first positive argument, then negative argument, and strengthen the argument in sharp contrast.

This paper can be developed from the outside to the inside-first quote the phenomenon, then analyze the essence, and then combine the reality to demonstrate in depth.

The sixth guide to exam-oriented composition: point the starting point and ending point

The beginning and the end play an important role in the article. It can refine the center, complete the structure and attract readers. It can make the article icing on the cake and make the reviewers feel tired. How to write the beginning and the end? The following are explained separately.

Opening skill

First, get to the point.

Straight to the point is a straightforward writing style, which often has four forms.

1. Element formula. It is often used at the beginning of a narrative to explain the time, place, characters, plot and other elements from the beginning, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the article at the beginning.

2. The plot style. The story is unfolded directly at the beginning, without any bedding and rendering, thus making the article concise and lively.

3. The first closed type. In the first paragraph of the article, the full text is summarized and its significance is pointed out to help readers understand and grasp the meaning of the article.

4. Topic style. Or put forward an argument in the first sentence, or make a point in the first paragraph, without dragging its feet, showing a clear attitude of discussion and comment and the strength of writing.

Second, set suspense.

Setting suspense can add waves to the article and show the beauty of its layout. There are many ways to set suspense, such as:

1. Let's ask an outstanding question first. 2. First intercept a wonderful event fragment. 3. Explain an object that plays a clue role first. 4. First arrange a scene that triggers the story. 5. Show the ending of the story or character first.

Third, reference materials.

Citation material is a widely used opening way in narrative, argumentative and explanatory texts. The quoted materials must be short and clear and useful to me. The reference method can be direct or indirect. This kind of opening can be divided into four types:

1. Case materials. Such as real events, real people's deeds, real phenomena and so on.

2. Historical materials. For example, historical materials about ups and downs, about words and wars, about making friends, about self-cultivation and learning, about being human.

3. Language case materials. Such as proverbs, aphorisms, famous sayings, proverbs, etc.

4. written materials. Such as fables, stories, poems, essays and philosophical poems.

Fourth, describe the characters.

There are many kinds of brushwork at the beginning of character description, which are mainly divided into three types.

1. Description. Or from the language, or from the action, or from the appearance, or from the psychology, or from the characteristics, or from the comprehensive perspective of language, action, appearance and psychology, objectively describe and introduce the characters.

2. Entry style. This paper introduces the characters in the works from the aspects of character, characters experience, character characteristics and the relationship between the author and the characters.

3. foil type. Describe and portray characters from the perspective of environment and characters. Characters show their skills in a certain environment, and the environment plays a foil role for characters. The environment and characters * * * blend together and appear at the beginning of composition.

Ending technique

First, let nature take its course.

Generally speaking, let nature take its course in the following forms:

1 narrative. When writing notes is over, the article is over.

2 descriptive. In the works of writing character notes, the full text is collected by describing the movements and language of the characters.

3 Descriptive formula. In the expository article, when things are made clear, the article ends.

4 comment style. After putting facts to reason, the article ends with a few comments, giving people a natural and powerful impression.

Second, echo the first one.

This method can make the article round from beginning to end and complete in structure. In writing practice, the methods of echoing the end of the first article are colorful. To sum up, there are four main types:

1 Repeated echo. Lyrics, discussion, character description, scene setting, explanation points, etc. The beginning of the article is always repeated at the end, and the sentences are slightly different from beginning to end. Due to the repeated emphasis on the same content at the beginning and end, the main idea of the article is more prominent, and the structure of the article also has a circular beauty.

2 virtual and real echo. The article begins with realism and ends with vague description to deepen the center of the article or highlight the artistic conception of the article. This fictional ending is often used in narration and can give readers the beauty of artistic conception. For example, Yang Shuo's "Litchi Honey" has a restrained beginning and a high-spirited ending, but at the same time it is solid at the beginning and empty at the end. By writing dreams, the author pushes the meaning of the article to a higher level, deepens the theme and sublimates the artistic conception.

3 cancel the echo. This is a special echo method, which is mainly used for those articles that start with "quotation", that is, quoting a material at the beginning and a material at the end. Both materials are at the beginning and the end, serving the center of the article and showing the beauty of the structure of the article.

Third, reveal the main idea

Revealing the main idea is to show the main idea at the end of the article. Generally speaking, it has the following manifestations:

1 Summarize the comment formula. The gesture of closing the pen at the end summarizes the content of the previous article and points it out clearly, thus showing the theme of the author's writing, condensing the content of the composition into a distinct theme and giving readers a feeling of being suddenly enlightened.

2. Ready-made extensions. this

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