Film milestone

An introduction to the style and types of the times in the film development.

In the development of more than one hundred years, film art has presented many ideas, styles and schools in different times, regions and cultural backgrounds, and has presented some characteristics of the development of world films. Understanding them can fully grasp the spirit of the times and artistic charm of film art, and then gain spiritual enlightenment and artistic sentiment.

Avant-garde movies have always been accompanied by the end of the19th century, and the trend of modernist literature came into being. Avant-garde film, as a genre and movement of film, began in the early 20th century, experienced more than ten years, and reached the peak of all-round development in the middle 20th century. It first prevailed in France, then affected Germany, and then spread to Europe and the former Soviet Union. Avant-garde film movement is the first film movement in the world film history.

Avant-garde film is not a unified creative genre, which includes pure film, Dadaism film, surrealism film and expressionism film, which are both interrelated and different.

The important characteristics of avant-garde films are firstly the anti-traditional narrative structure and the emphasis on pure vision, and secondly the pursuit of form. As a film style, some people call it pure film, abstract film or full film.

Avant-garde films advocate absolutely free imagination, extremely pure emotion and reject any real and rational meaning, so some people think it is "three noes", that is, irrational, plot-free and character-free. They oppose film narration and advocate "pure film" without plot and drama.

Avant-garde films have made indelible contributions to the development of film aesthetic history and film art theory. Its experiment and exploration of the aesthetic potential of film art, especially the aesthetic feeling of film form, greatly expanded the thinking of film and enriched the screen modeling language of film.

Poetry film introduces the understanding of the essential characteristics of lyric poetry in film creation, which is a film creation proposition with the theme of denying plot, exploring metaphor and lyric function.

Poetry film rose in the 1920s and originated in France. Some theorists and creators of early avant-garde films in France believe that films should achieve "the greatest freedom of association" like lyric poetry, and "the most perfect embodiment of films is film poetry".

Poetic films are full of poetry, poetry, rhythm and charm by using artistic means such as acousto-optic color modeling, narrative structure and character expression.

As a form of poetic film, it has been greatly developed in the film creation circles of various countries.

Neo-realistic films were born in Italy. 1945 rose at the end of World War II and gradually declined after 195 1. Although the time is not long, it has a far-reaching impact.

Neo-realism advocates aiming the camera at the poor working people at the lower level, and the slogan is "put the camera on the street" and "give it back to ordinary people", which fundamentally breaks through the traditional mode of film production and makes a new major excavation for the aesthetic potential of film art to reproduce the material world and show the space reality.

The outstanding significance of the new realistic film to the film development: First, it highlights the documentary nature of the film. Second, it created a precedent for real-life shooting, which freed the film from the shackles of the old traditional procedures formed for a long time, and also expanded the vision and spatial expression of the film in the process of moving towards people's lives, which greatly inspired the later film creation.

New wave film is the third film movement with world influence after European avant-garde and Italian neo-realism. From the late 1950s to the early 1960s, a large number of young filmmakers made their first films with a brand-new mental outlook, which was impressive, as if it were a wave, bringing a new atmosphere to French films and world films, and was called "new wave".

The schools and writers' works of the New Wave Movement are usually divided into three parts.

1 "Bazin" (film critic) film manual

The new wave film is the first of its kind, and highly praises the achievements of the aesthetics of the new realism documentary.

Secondly, it is proposed that movies should show people's inner life. (including strangeness and fantasy) (essentially different from Hollywood movies, which are used to tell stories)

Proposition: Put forward the slogan of "Author Film", that is, "The important thing in making a film is not to shoot it, but to be a film producer".

Features: low film production cost: non-professional actors are enabled; Real-life shooting without a studio; Do not pursue scene excitement and dramatic conflict. In terms of expression, the film widely uses long shots, mobile phone photography, voice-over, inner monologues, natural sounds, and even Tik Tok shots that break the unity of time and space. Some "documentary" techniques such as follow-up, snapshot, telephoto, zoom, freeze-frame, continuation and synchronous recording are also adopted to combine "subjective realism" with "objective realism". This film has a strong personal biography.

Creative characteristics: Most of the works combine human's internal reality with external reality, showing the gap and contradiction between human's internal reality and reality.

In editing, the methods of skipping and circular editing are used to destroy the time and space of the film; Pay attention to natural sound effects, lines and music; Adopt professional stage actors; Photography emphasizes composition and lighting. This film has a strong literary and dramatic color.

"New Wave" is a film innovation movement in the world film history. "New Wave" advocates replacing commercial interest with artistic interest, which is the reflection of western modernist art in the film field. "New Wave" movies deliberately depict people's situation, psychology, love and gender relations in modern cities. Different from traditional movies, it is full of subjectivity and lyricism.

1958 is the birth year of the "new wave", with two first novels: the naughty boy in the groove and the beautiful Sergey in Chabrol; 1959 is a happy year for the "new wave": Truffaut won the best director award at the Cannes Film Festival that year for "Four Hundred Down".

"New Wave" movies mainly express individuality. Truffaut's Four Hundred Poems (1959) is an earlier masterpiece. He described the tragic experience of childhood in a modernist way. He believes in the so-called "philosophy of discontinuity" and thinks that life is a combination of loose and discontinuous events. He denies the traditional complete plot structure in film creation and replaces the dramatic plot with trivial life plot. Godard is a representative figure of "destruction aesthetics" who is famous for his contempt for traditional film techniques. His films go further than Truffaut in destroying the traditional structure, and the famous Exhausted (1959) is the best embodiment of his creative style.

The "new wave" not only promoted the diversification of French film expression techniques, but also triggered the second rise of modernist film thoughts in Europe and America. Swedish directors ingmar bergman, Italian movie master, antonioni and Ferini were all influenced to some extent.

Most film historians regard 1964 as the end of the new wave in France. The new wave film movement has left a valuable film cultural heritage for France and even the world, and laid the foundation for modern films in terms of film style, film content and expression methods, which is considered as a watershed between traditional films and modern films.

The artistic achievement of Soviet movies is that it can make people forget the Cold War and the ideological differences. Under the same conditions, they are extremely difficult to get understanding and respect, but they still overcome all prejudices with superb film concepts. During the Cold War, Soviet films even won all the important film awards in the world, including two Oscars for best foreign language films (War and Peace and Moscow Don't Believe in Tears) and many nominations, which can be said to be brilliant forever. The former Soviet Union is one of the movie powers in the world. From the early silent films to the later talking films, Soviet films occupy an important position in the world film industry with their rich artistic connotations.

Soviet films have strong stories, rich artistic connotations and diverse themes, and have won many important international film awards.

After the October Revolution, Soviet films began to develop rapidly. Especially after 1950s, Soviet films began to explore the fate of ordinary people in their works, and the tendency of "non-heroism", "uncleanness" and "life flow" was reflected in some films. The problem of human nature that was previously avoided in his works has been broken through.

The word "Hollywood" is often directly used to refer to the American film industry and even become synonymous with American movies.

Film is an industrialized business and a means of entertainment in the United States, and the artistic value of film is often attached to commercial value. Hollywood movies are typical examples.

One American myth after another created by Hollywood blockbusters is often called an important way to export American culture and values.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Hollywood was just a small village on the outskirts of Los Angeles. It gradually developed from a scenic shooting place to a huge movie city where many film companies gathered, and entered a golden age in the 1930s.

Hollywood has created and produced a large number of films, such as comedies, westerns, robbers, musicals and so on. No matter during the war or during the Great Depression, Hollywood always outlines a movie, a mythical, ideal and illusory world, and a true reappearance.

Film production has become a veritable industrial assembly line in Hollywood.

Hollywood movies, which are characterized by entertainment and business, maintain high output rate, high attendance rate and broad overseas market every year. Great directors and stars emerge one after another, with large-scale export and stable box office, which is an important position of the world film industry.