What are the allusions to the bridges in Beijing?

Beijing is not a water town, not as many bridges as Suzhou and Yangzhou, but the bridges in Beijing bear a very heavy historical shadow. For example, the Jinshui Bridge in front of Tiananmen Gate is world-famous. It is the most powerful and prestigious bridge. Five carved bridges of white marble span the Jinshui River, and the slightly wider one in the middle is specially designed for the emperor, also known as the Imperial Bridge, which belongs to the imperial road part of Tianjie-the only place for the emperors in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to go in and out. Only dragon boots with more than 10,000 people are allowed to swim, like a noble pet lying at the emperor's feet. There are two pairs of stone lions and two China watches at the bridge head, which are ancient totems of the Chinese nation. Against the background of blue sky and white clouds, the low Jinshui Bridge looks majestic. Every time I see the Jinshui Bridge, I will think of a sentence by Li Houzhu: "Carved fences and jade should still exist, but Zhu Yan has replaced them." Jinshui Bridge, once the first bridge in feudal times, sent away the last emperor-1924 with mixed feelings, and the Qing emperor Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City by General Feng Yuxiang, anxious as a lost dog. The Jinshui Bridge, which can't be broken by ordinary people, is finally open to the outside world-it has welcomed a new owner. No matter which day you go to Tiananmen Square, you can always observe countless foreign tourists taking turns standing at the head of Jinshui Bridge to take pictures as a souvenir. And every morning and evening, the ceremonial soldiers of the national flag guard will stride across the Jinshui Bridge. Although Jinshui Bridge is luxurious, it gives the impression that it is a small jasper. Speaking of Lugou Bridge in the southwest suburb of Beijing, there is a tendency of "Iron Horse Glacier Dream". Known for the July 7th Incident (also known as the Lugouqiao Incident), War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall has been built. In fact, Lugou Bridge itself is a monument without words. If Jinshui Bridge was once a fragile palace moths (ravaged by the British and French allied forces and Eight-Nation Alliance's special-shaped iron hoofs respectively), Lugou Bridge is a heroine painted with eyebrows. I always remember an old photo: a row of China soldiers with broadswords and rifles, leaning against the railing of Lugou Bridge, shooting outward-they fought to the death with the soaring artillery ... Lugou Bridge, a bridge of the God of War, left a bloody feat in the modern history of China. As far as the building itself is concerned, Lugou Bridge is also the largest multi-arch stone bridge among the ancient bridges in Beijing and North China. It spans the Lugou River in the lower reaches of Yongding River, hence the name-the upper reaches of Yongding River are called Sanggan River. Ding Ling, a female writer, wrote a novel The Sun Shines on Sanggan River. On the east side of the bridge is a stone tablet of "Lugou Xiaoyue", which was inscribed by the elegant Qianlong Emperor. "Lugou Xiaoyue" is one of the famous "Eight Scenes of Yanjing". The ancients liked to stand on the Lugou Bridge and watch the moon-does the moon look more round here than anywhere else? There is another two-part allegorical saying in Beijing: "There are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge". The number of stone lions recorded in different dynasties is not uniform. On the one hand, the 2 18 sentry post carved with stone lions is damaged, and the total number will be affected if it is not replaced until now. On the other hand, because many of the stone lions on the guardrail are lionesses who are interested in their cubs-"A Brief View of the Imperial City" has the words "stone fences are engraved with names, lion breasts are redundant", and a slight negligence will make mistakes. Supplement: After the founding of New China, archaeologists didn't believe this evil, and made an inventory, and found out that there were 498 large and small stone lions (except those on the sentry post, plus the flashy ones), and finally the truth came out. 498, it is enough for a person to count with the naked eye. Kyle Poirot, who came to China not far from Wan Li in the Yuan Dynasty, noticed the stone lions of Lugou Bridge in his travel notes (I wonder if he counted them wrong): "There are marble fences and columns on both sides of the bridge, and there is a lion at the top of the column. This kind of stone lion is very rich and finely carved. There is a stone fence every other step, and the shape is the same. " How many masons are needed to carve so many lions-and these masons have to embroider to make lions, big and small, lifelike ... It is called the fourth bridge in Shi Jing with Lugou Bridge, Ma Ju Bridge, Chaozong Bridge and Bali Bridge. Among them, Bali Bridge is Yongtong Bridge on Tonghui River, named after Bali Bridge by Tongzhou Prefecture. Built in the Ming Dynasty, a cargo ship carrying grain, grass, bricks and wood passed through the Hunan-Beijing North Canal without sails. "The Long Bridge Reflects the Moon" belongs to one of the eight scenic spots in ancient Tongzhou: "The rainbow waist lies 80 miles in Qingzhou, and the original boat rocks over the Moon Cave". It is also a strategic location related to the safety of the capital: the enemy at the gate/KLOC-0 was invaded by the British and French Coalition forces in 860, and was resisted by local soldiers and civilians when passing through Baliqiao. It is said that the bridges are all dyed red, and the Tonghui River under the bridge is also red ... The famous stone bridges in Beijing include Beihai Bridge (also called Jin Ao Jade Spider Bridge, a very dynamic name), Daiyu Bridge and Seventeen-hole Bridge in the Summer Palace, and Wu Tong Bridge in Zhongnanhai ... Some of them have been reduced to expressways, but the original arch coupons or stone fences are still kept on both sides. As for the bustling overpass and Hufang Bridge, they are all named after the bridge, but there is no trace of the bridge, which is also the reason. Looking up the historical data, we will find that there are basically bridges in all places named after bridges, but they exist in name only. Cai Guoqing, a popular singer, sang "The Bridge in Beijing"-the so-called modernist bridge, which mainly refers to the overpass on the main road. In the past, nine towers in Beijing were demolished except the front door and Deshengmen. Now it is replaced by overpasses: Xizhimen Bridge, Andingmen Bridge, Dongzhimen Bridge, Fuchengmen Bridge, Fuxingmen Bridge, Chaoyangmen Bridge and Jianguomen Bridge ... Overpasses have become the new gates of Beijing. The ring road is extended to the Third Ring Road and the Fourth Ring Road like annual rings, and the overpasses along the way have resounding names (such as Yansha Bridge and Changhong Bridge), which makes the number of people unclear-just like the lion on Lugou Bridge. The bridges in Beijing have the most classical artistic conception and the most modern scenery. Overpass is a new generation bridge. Under the bridge, it is not a boat-there is no river, but a car and water. Let me end with Bian's famous sentence: "You are standing on the bridge watching the scenery, and the people watching the scenery are watching you upstairs. The bright moon decorated your window, and you decorated other people's dreams. " (Zhu Hong) Q: What are the backgrounds and allusions of each bridge in Beijing?