What do you mean by repeating instructions?

Question 1: Why do the people next to the captain's orders repeat in the cartoon? The same is true in reality. The captain has great rights, but the first mate on board should play a role in restricting the captain. If the captain's orders are obviously wrong or betray the army, the first mate on board can disobey and replace the captain at any time. The second mate's repeated orders mean that he agrees with the captain's orders and allows his subordinates to carry them out. The operator's reply to the command indicates that the command has been executed.

Question 2: Sun Tzu's Art of War consists of twelve volumes with a grandfather's name on the surface. Why is grandpa's name on the paper? These twelve volumes are not different, but the same twelve volumes.

In ancient times, in order to avoid copying mistakes, twelve volumes were ordered as the maximum number of retelling articles.

This is the current conscription order, and the twelve volumes refer to twelve conscription orders, which are repeatedly conveyed. One is to avoid mistakes, which also reflects the majesty of orders. If the recipient does not respond to this 12 command, the punishment is quite severe.

I remember that Yue Fei's resistance to gold was almost finished. Has the imperial court issued Yue Fei Truce 12 gold?

In the past, when arresting fugitives, 12 was used as a warning shot. If you still insist on running away and not catching, then the thirteenth shot can be fired at people.

Question 3: Why is the captain's password transmitted backwards? This is the repetition of instructions to prevent errors in the process of instruction transmission and repetition.

For example, the captain said: left full rudder.

But not all instructions are repeated backwards.

For example, the captain said: three into three repeat: three cars into three.

Question 4: The meaning of 4:TPR(Total Physical Response) in English teaching in primary schools, namely "Total Physical Response", was put forward by James J. Asher (1988), a psychologist in California, USA. The total response teaching method emphasizes the interactive mode in language learning. He believes that students learn best in a relaxed environment, and nervous and impatient emotions are not good for learning English. Teachers should try their best to create conditions for students to have the opportunity to listen to English more. At the same time, students should be helped to understand the purpose of learning English. Each student starts from his own actual situation and finds out the real reasons and practical motives for learning English. Furthermore, it can stimulate students' awareness of learning, fully mobilize students' subjective initiative and master English as soon as possible. In the specific classroom teaching practice, teachers should create a series of different forms of instructions according to the size of the class, the age of the students, the English level of the students and the characteristics of the subjects they teach, and then use them flexibly.

First, the basic characteristics of TPR teaching method are:

1. First, cultivate students' listening comprehension ability, and then ask students to express it in spoken English.

2. Teachers introduce new words in the process of giving instructions and asking students to carry them out.

3. Ask students to explain their understanding with actions.

4. Allow students to speak in advance.

Second, the design sequence of TPR teaching method is roughly as follows:

1. The teacher gives instructions to do demonstration actions, and the students listen and observe.

2. The teacher says the instruction, does the demonstration action, and then asks the students to follow.

3. The teacher said instructions, not demonstration actions. Ask the students to follow the teacher's instructions.

4. The teacher said the instruction, not demonstrating the action, and asked the students to repeat the instruction and complete the action.

5. Let a student say the instruction, and the teacher will carry it out with other students.

Third, the advantages of TPR teaching method:

(1) It can catch students' attention at once, attract students to participate in activities and let them learn English in an immersive practical experience. The focus of teaching is to help students understand and communicate in English, not to correct the mistakes made by students in the learning process. This will help students to eliminate nervousness and study in an environment that is not afraid of setbacks.

(2) It can provide a learning environment closely related to real life, so that students can learn English in various activities and repeated exercises.

(3) It helps to improve students' English communicative competence. TPR activities can give full play to children's lively and active characteristics, and let them feel English through physical movements, thus deepening their memory and understanding of English.

Four, the use of TPR teaching method should pay attention to the problem:

1.TPR teaching considers the diversity and differences of students and their understanding of actions, so it is necessary to design actions as simply as possible to make the language items taught easier for most students to understand and master.

2. Pay attention to the gradual progress from shallow to deep, and eliminate students' psychological obstacles such as timidity and anxiety in learning language.

3. When designing TPR activities, we should consider the diversity and interest of forms. Because the motivation of primary school students mainly comes from interest, but at the same time, we should also pay attention to designing students to use language to obtain information or transmit information.

4. Strengthen classroom management. Most primary school students are more active and like performance, hoping to get more attention and recognition from teachers. TPR teaching method fully mobilized students' various sensory organs. In class, they can't help listening, speaking, doing and even singing and dancing. Classroom atmosphere is easy to become active, but it brings with it that classroom discipline is difficult to maintain, which affects the normal progress of teaching content later. Therefore, teachers should try their best to accept and release, and students can develop some habits when possible, such as the teacher counting one, two and three, and then the students count four together and sit well at the same time. Practice has proved that the effect is good. When teachers need to maintain discipline, just count to one, two, three. Most students can sit well as required, and some students will follow the example of other students, so that the whole class will be quiet and easy to continue learning. ...& gt& gt

Question 5: Winning in the workplace: How to improve your communication and expression skills 1 How to improve your communication and expression skills (1) Interpersonal relationship and communication can be referred to as interpersonal communication. In our daily life, interpersonal communication is an indispensable activity. Rockefeller, the oil king, said, "If interpersonal skills are the same commodity as sugar or coffee, I am willing to pay a price more precious than anything in the world." This shows the importance of communication. Then, if you want to acquire communication skills, you must practice hard and experience with your heart. On the one hand, you can improve your communication skills, on the other hand, you can improve your interpersonal relationship. A philosopher once said, "People without communication skills, like ships on land, will never reach the sea of life." A very important part of communicative competence is not communicative competence. Good communication not only means putting your thoughts in order and expressing them properly, so that others can understand them as soon as they listen, but also means deepening people's hearts and urging listeners to concentrate. It can be said that no matter what we are doing or want to do, if we want to succeed, we must learn to be good at communicating with others. Let's use a short story to show the magic of communication. In a rural area of America, there lived an old man who had three sons. Both the eldest son and the second son work in the city, the youngest son is with him, and the father and son live alone. Suddenly one day, a man found the old man and said to him, "Dear old man, I want to take your little son to work in the city, can I?" The old man said angrily, "no, absolutely not." Get out! " This man said, "if I find a date for your son in the city, is it okay?" The old man shook his head: "No, you go!" The man added, "What if I find Rockefeller's daughter for your son, your future daughter-in-law?" At this moment, the old man was tempted. A few days later, the man found Rockefeller, the richest oil magnate in America, and said to him, "Dear Mr. Rockefeller, I want to find someone for your daughter, can I?" Rockefeller said, "Get out!" The man said, "If the person I find for your daughter, that is, your future son-in-law, is the vice president of the World Bank, is that all right?" Rockefeller agreed. A few days later, the man found the president of the World Bank and said to him, "Dear Mr. President, you should appoint a vice president at once!" " The president said: "impossible, there are so many vice presidents here, why should I appoint a vice president, and it must be done right away?" "If the vice president you appointed is Rockefeller's son-in-law, is that okay?" Of course, the president agreed. Although this story is untrue and full of doubts, it reflects the power of communication to some extent. Second, the skills and principles of communication Through the above explanation, we understand the importance of communication, but how to communicate effectively is what everyone is more concerned about. The following will specifically introduce some basic skills and principles that need to be understood in communication. (1) Listening 1. Listening: Listening is the first communication skill. God gave us a tongue, but gave us a pair of ears. Therefore, we may hear twice as much as we say. Medical research shows that babies' ears have functions before they are born. Listening is the least training for listening, speaking, reading and writing, so it may be the most difficult. No matter how hard you listen, most people will forget more than half of the content immediately after listening. After two months, the average listener can only remember about 1/4. 3 ○ 1 Two major problems of listening A: Research shows that most people are moderate listeners at most. B: Can you understand each other's meaning and put yourself in each other's position? So learn to listen and make listening a habit! ○ 2 There are five levels of listening: the first level is listening but not listening, that is, not listening at all, such as children's nagging to their mothers. The second layer is pretending to listen. I just seem to be listening, but I don't know what I'm thinking. The third layer is selective listening. They think their energy is limited and they can't keep a high degree of concentration all the time, so they only listen to what they are interested in. The fourth layer is listening attentively, also called listening, such as the salary increase next year involved in the boss's report. The fifth level is the highest level of listening. Listen attentively, the listener listens attentively, responds mentally, and understands the content, purpose and emotion of the speech. So how should we listen? 2. Listening skills (1) Active listening ○ 1 Correct attitude: ... >>

Question 6: From the perspective of operability and feasibility, 25 points is 3.2.

3.2. Actual operation of1TPR

Listen and guide. First, let the students listen and understand, and then ask them to express themselves in spoken English.

② Students should improve their understanding through body language responses. This physical reaction is controlled by the teacher's planned instructions. According to the teacher's instructions, students make corresponding actions to perceive, understand and master the language. The research shows that the clever use of teachers in teaching enables students to learn most of the grammatical structures and hundreds of words in the target language.

(3) allow students to prepare in advance. Teachers should not force students to speak. Students will naturally speak at a certain time within the cognitive structure of the target language through the understanding of the language materials they hear.

⑤ Teaching should emphasize the meaning rather than the form of teaching, which can reduce students' tension. When preparing a lesson plan based on system response method, teachers should first have a complete idea, design all the steps, and then write down each step in chronological order. The following are several guiding questions for teachers to prepare lessons for reference:

(1) whether the activities of all steps have been taken into account and included?

② Are there too many steps in an activity? (Generally speaking, activities in si ...>& gt.

Question 7: The specific process of checking the car clock when the ship is preparing the car. Want to be more detailed. Is the clock the time to prepare cars on both sides? How to set the car clock? Please refer to 1. Checking the clock when preparing a vehicle refers to checking the ship's clock on the bridge and engine room before preparing a vehicle, and the error should not exceed 1 s to ensure the consistency of clock records.

2. Check the bell transmitters in the bridge and engine room. The bridge gives instructions, and the engine room responds to them, and checks them one by one to ensure that each instruction can be effectively given and recovered.

3. The detailed inspection procedure is generally that the bridge first checks the ship clock, and then the bridge and the engine room check and adjust the engine room ship clock through direct dial telephone. After checking the ship's clock, keep talking, send out instructions through the car clock and repeat them on the phone. After the engine room checks that the voice command is consistent with the car clock command, repeat the command and the car clock responds to the command to test the readiness of the cars one by one. After the car is finished, go forward 1/2/3/4/ all the way forward, and go back 1/2/3/4/ all the way AST. After the experiment is correct, record the log book and engine log, and then enter the car preparation program, ready to start the operation in turn.

When to check the ship clock and car clock is generally decided by the captain. However, laws and regulations also require that the United States requires 12 hours to reach the waters, while China requires that it leave Hong Kong two hours later and arrive in Hong Kong two hours later.

Question 8: What language does a civil aircraft use to contact the airport? (For domestic and international flights, China Airlines talks with airlines from other countries) Of course, Chinese is used in China and English is used abroad, which is the common language.

There is no conclusion. Basically, if it is an important instruction of the air traffic control, the crew will hear it and repeat it with the air traffic control to confirm it.