Shandong Folk Art Woodblock New Year Pictures Style

Yangjiabu Folk Art Grand View Garden, built in May 1986, has dozens of scenic spots, such as kite factory, folk museum, New Year picture museum, kite museum, Gupupu Street, cultural relics museum, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon Taiwan and so on. Covering an area of 200 mu, with a building area of 65,438+000,000 square meters, it integrates kite making, New Year picture printing and folk tourism, and its products have won many awards, such as the Silver Award in Hundred Flowers Award and China Folk Art Exhibition, the Excellent Product Award in China Export Commodities Expo and the Gold Award in International Kite Expo.

The contents of kites are auspicious, including birds, animals, insects, fish, board kites, string kites and soft-winged kites. It is a 350-meter-long centipede made for the Kite Club, which is known as "the best in the world". Woodblock New Year pictures are more popular, in which myths, legends, folk stories and opera characters are very vivid. For more than a year, making money into treasure and letting a hundred flowers blossom have reflected the expectation, pursuit and yearning of the working people for a better life.

The Grand View Garden is dominated by kites and New Year pictures, with folk customs as its theme. With its unique folk customs and strong local flavor, it attracts tourists from dozens of countries and regions such as Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province, and receives more than 250,000 tourists every year.

Yangjiabu Tourist Area is located in the south of Hanting District, Weifang City, with an area of 10.62 square kilometers. The roads in the area extend in all directions and the geographical position is very superior. It is the hometown of folk culture and art in China, and a tourist attraction with rich folk customs. It is a bright pearl on Qilu Li Qian folk tourism line, which has become an important window for Weifang's opening to the outside world and cultural exchange, and a beautiful business card for China folk tourism.

Yangjiabu is the main producing area of the three woodblock New Year pictures in China, and it is famous at home and abroad for its kites. For more than 500 years, the ancient pagoda workshop and New Year pictures have witnessed the prosperity, development, inheritance and innovation of these two sister art flowers, attracting hundreds of thousands of domestic and foreign guests to visit here every year.

Yangjiabu kite is simple, novel and beautiful, and it is an artistic treasure full of folk art interest and pondering. Yangjiabu New Year pictures are more popular. Myths and legends, folk stories, opera characters, birds and animals are all lifelike. There is fish every year, wealth every year, treasure every year, and Five Blessingg lives a long life, which reflects the yearning, pursuit and expectation of the working people for a better life. With the strong support and care of party committees, governments and all walks of life at all levels, Yangjiabu tourist area has made great progress.

The theme, genre, style and production scale of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures can be roughly divided into the following stages:

1. From the early years of Qing Qianlong to the late years of Xianfeng (1736- 186 1), New Year picture shops in Yangjiabu area appeared one after another, the production scale expanded rapidly, some traditional contents were continuously enriched and developed, new schools emerged constantly, and at the same time, they gradually formed their own unique artistic style.

According to Yang's genealogy, before Qianlong, there were several painting shops in Yangjiabu, such as Gongmao, Yongsheng, Jisheng, Jixing, Guangshengtai and Wanshun. During the Qianlong period, Wansheng, Desheng, Yihe and Wanzeng appeared again. There are more than a dozen painting shops at this time. By the end of Xianfeng (186 1), there were about 60 painting shops in Xiyangjiabu.

During this period, the genre and theme of Yangjiabu New Year pictures have been much richer than before. As the earliest genre of "Door God", its themes include shentu, Lei Yu, Qin Qiong and Weichi Gong, Zhong Kui, Zhao Gongming and the Taoist priest who lit the lamp. And it is developing very well. Due to the improvement of appreciation and ideological progress, the simple fairy portrait can no longer meet the requirements, so several new schools have emerged, such as Mao Fangzi with dolls as the theme and Window with flowers as the theme. During this period, the silkworm valley carved by Wansheng painting shop is very representative. At the same time, New Year pictures in the form of independent paintings have also been developed. Its earliest genre is "cross-dressing" (also known as Kang painting, template painting and grass bird). The representative works preserved now are Ten Busy Men and Ten Busy Women. The representative figures in this period are Yang Fang (1806- 1890) and Yang Yupu (1822- 1876). Representative works include Bao Gong's Inauguration, Eighteen Arhats, Centennial Life Picture, Guo Ziyi Tape, etc.

Second, from the early years of Tongzhi to the end of Guangxu (1862- 1908), this is the heyday of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures. There are more than 100 painting shops in Xiyang Jiabu, in addition to more than 20 warehouses, more than 20 cold pavilions and 4 Dongyang Jiabu. The production scale of painting shops is constantly expanding, such as Dashun Painting Shop, which has developed into three stores: Dongdashun, Xidashun and Nandashun. Dongdashun was the largest workshop at that time, printing 20 boxes every year, and the output reached more than one million.

The production and sales of New Year pictures promote each other. During this period, each painting shop not only has relatively fixed customers, but also has relatively fixed sales areas. Rudong Dashun Painting Shop is called "Guandong Shop", which is printed to meet the needs of the people in Northeast China. In addition, there are Juzhou Village and Yishui Village, which are specially printed with "Mountain God". There are Yutai Village, which specializes in "punching axis", "mounting" and "great beauty", Xilu Village, which specializes in traditional Chinese opera New Year pictures, and Jiaozhou Village, which specializes in printing horizontal stripes, foreign stripes and kitchen horses.

The representative figures in this period are Yang Zhonghai (1875- 1937) and Liu Mingjie (1857-191year). Representative works mainly include Watch You Boast Hip Bone and Beat Your Mother-in-law. At the same time, the artist Liu Mingjie's new year pictures, such as Shooting the Ghost of the Sun (four comic strips), Boxer Rebellion and Hanging the Red Lantern High, profoundly exposed the crime of imperialist aggression against China. In addition, a large number of New Year pictures, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin, The Journey to the West, Romance of the Gods, Geographical Map of the World, and Emperor's Map of the World, have appeared, further expanding the performance content of New Year pictures and playing a positive role in spreading historical and cultural knowledge. The new genre of New Year pictures in this period is "moonlight" (also called window seat), and the pictures are mostly children's themes, showing a full moon, which can be posted on the walls on both sides of the window. At this point, the genre of New Year pictures has developed very well.

After the Yangliuqing New Year Pictures in Tianjin were introduced to Wei County in Xianfeng years, they merged with Yangjiabu New Year Pictures in Guangxu years. Yangliuqing New Year pictures are half-printed and half-painted, which is not only expensive, expensive and difficult to mass-produce, but also not suitable for Shandong farmers' appreciation habits. So first, I copied it in the painting shops in Cangshang and Hanting, and then the folk artists transformed Yangliuqing New Year pictures. First of all, after Yang Wanzhuang created a batch of woodcut color separation overprinted Notes of Dagong, the New Year pictures such as Beauty Stripe, Golden Boy and Climbing Boy also changed from half-printing and half-painting to full woodcut color separation overprinting. Due to the change of production technology, the composition of this kind of New Year pictures is more full and the colors are more vivid, which has become an integral part of Weixian New Year pictures.

3. From the early years of the Republic of China to before the founding of the People's Republic of China (19 1- 1948), this is the decline period of Yangjiabu woodcut New Year pictures. New Year pictures in the early years of the Republic of China experienced a short period of prosperity. After 1922, a large number of lithograph New Year pictures and monthly brand New Year pictures from Shanghai, Tianjin and Qingdao were imported into Shandong 5, which reduced the output of Yangjiabu New Year pictures. 1938 Japanese imperialism invaded wei county and Hanting generation, and went to Yangjiabu to burn, kill and plunder many times. Almost all the local 100 painting shops closed down, and only a few fled to Weixian City and Jinan, Yantai and other places to sell paintings for a living.

Four, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the party and the state have attached great importance to the restoration, reform and innovation of this folk art, which is the rebirth period of Yangjiabu model New Year pictures.

195 1 year 1 1 month Zhang Yangxi, a famous printmaker, led the New Year pictures team to create 22 New Year pictures with the founding of New China and the land reform movement as the content. 1952 17 the task force with Shiqi Zhu as the captain and Ye and Zhang Qi as the vice captains went to Yangjiabu again and set up the Yangjiabu Township New Year Pictures Renovation Committee with Yang Tongxian as the director and Yang and Yang Lianyuan as the deputy heads. Through the investigation of traditional New Year pictures, this paper breaks the feudal superstition and affirms and retains the healthy heritage of New Year pictures. During the period of 1959, a number of good works were created, such as: listening to the story of uncle volunteers, sharing dividends in cooperatives, graduation of new five-year-old children, New Year's ox pictures and so on. 1962 and 1964 were exhibited in Beijing respectively, and received favorable comments!

After the reform and opening up, Yangjiabu Woodblock New Year Pictures Research Institute was established in 1979, specializing in the excavation, arrangement, inheritance and rescue of this folk art, and has done four tasks successively: First, rescue the materials and originals of New Year pictures. After ten years of turmoil, a large number of materials and originals of New Year pictures were burned. Through unremitting efforts, more than 280 kinds of pictures and more than 200 original works have been collected. Second, research, inherit and innovate New Year pictures and sort out traditional materials. He has edited the first and second episodes of Yangjiabu New Year Pictures, and created New Year Pictures such as Harvest Song, Flowers of the Four Seasons and Songhu. Third, organize exports and receive foreign friends to visit. In recent years, it has exported 6.5438+0.6 million copies to Japan, the United States, France and other countries. Fourth: 1980 Spring Festival, held joint exhibitions with Tianjin Yangliuqing and Suzhou Taohuawu in Tianjin, Weifang and Suzhou respectively. When 1983 was exhibited in Beijing, Zhang Ding, president of the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, was very happy to write: "At this time, people should pay attention to the precious folk art heritage." "In terms of cultural value, it should be treated equally with ancient books, Xiu Xiang and illustrations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties."

With the release of Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures stamps, the art of New Year pictures with a long history and far-reaching influence will be full of vitality!