Please ask a photography expert to help me find out why there are white stripes on the sun in this photo?

This is pretty good. Taking pictures directly like this will damage the ccd. You need to add protective glasses, just like we wear sunglasses.

You can try taking a picture facing the sun and see if there is a bright horizontal or vertical line on the camera's display screen. ,

There are many reasons for the occurrence of ellipses. A little dust on the lens can also cause light to refract, mainly because the sun is too bright. And it is blocked by mountains or trees. Light is refracted.

This won’t happen if you shoot against the unblocked sun. The key is to need protective glasses