Mosquito-proof cover in summer

Summer is the peak of mosquito infestation. No matter at home or going out to play, annoying mosquitoes are always buzzing and noisy. Besides leaving bags of red "hickeys" on the baby's body, they may also spread terrible diseases. What methods can effectively prevent mosquitoes and stop children from being bitten? This article shared many practical anti-mosquito methods and recommended related anti-mosquito products. Are parents ready? Summer mosquito control plan, war! Why do mosquitoes love to suck blood?

When it comes to mosquitoes, most people must find it annoying and annoying, except that mosquitoes love to suck blood and always itch after being bitten. When you sleep at night, if there are mosquitoes buzzing around you, you must not sleep all night! In fact, mosquitoes suck human blood for survival and reproduction.

Chief Chen Zhuci of the Acute Infectious Diseases Section of the CDC said that in fact, male mosquitoes don't suck blood, but only suck the juice of plants. All female mosquitoes suck blood, and they suck blood to increase nutrition and reproduce offspring. When they are full of blood, they will find an environment with water to lay eggs, and the mosquito species will continue to multiply in this cycle. Common mosquito-borne diseases

However, no matter how noisy and annoying mosquitoes are, they are not enough to make people stay away. The most worrying thing is to be bitten by mosquitoes with viruses, which will lead to infectious diseases that can affect people's lives. Simply put, some diseases are not directly transmitted from person to person, but if people are bitten by vector mosquitoes with viruses, they will start to get sick after a period of incubation.

Chief Chen Zhuci said that after a vector mosquito bites the human blood with the virus, the virus enters the body cavity of the mosquito, and then enters the salivary gland of the mosquito. When it bites another human body, it will bring the virus into another person's body and infect another healthy person. This is how vector mosquitoes spread the virus.

After understanding how mosquitoes transmit viruses to humans, what diseases will be transmitted by vector mosquitoes? Sort out the following three commonly heard vector mosquito infectious diseases.

1 Dengue fever

Dengue Fever, also known as tengu fever, is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus, which can be transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. According to different serotypes, it can be divided into four types: I, II, III and IV, and each type has the ability to infect and cause disease.

When we talk about dengue fever, we usually refer to typical dengue fever. But since 1953, there has been a kind of dengue fever, which mainly occurs among children aged 3-1 years. This is more serious than the typical dengue fever, and there will be bleeding, so it is also called dengue hemorrhagic fever. More seriously, it will even lead to shock!

Transmission route: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the most common causes of infection.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the main vectors of dengue fever in Taiwan Province. These mosquitoes are characterized by black bodies and white spots on their feet. Among them, Aedes aegypti has a pair of lyre-like longitudinal lines on both sides of the chest and a pair of yellow longitudinal lines in the middle, and likes to inhabit indoor artificial containers or places where water is artificially caused.

Aedes albopictus, on the other hand, is in the middle of the middle chest rafter, with a white and obvious longitudinal stripe, and prefers to live outdoors. The peak of biting people in a day is about 1 ~ 2 hours after sunrise and 2 ~ 3 hours before sunset, so you should pay special attention when going out.

Symptoms of infection: high fever, muscle joint pain, posterior orbital pain and rash

Typical symptoms of dengue fever are sudden high fever (≧38℃), headache, posterior orbital pain, muscle pain, joint pain and rash. However, if you are infected with different types of dengue virus one after another, you may become "dengue hemorrhagic fever" with a higher probability. In addition to the above-mentioned typical symptoms of dengue fever, you will also have an obvious bleeding tendency. If you do not seek medical treatment or treatment in time, the mortality rate can be as high as 5%.

Chief Chen Zhuci reminded that dengue fever is not a terminal disease, but since there is no specific drug to treat dengue fever at present, if you are infected with dengue fever, you must listen to the doctor's instructions, rest more, drink more water and take antipyretics in time, and usually you will recover by yourself in about 2 weeks after infection. The most worrying thing is to ignore the symptoms, let the virus invade the human body, make the body organs fail, and finally die.

2 Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis is an acute infectious disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus, which can be transmitted to humans through mosquito bites, with an incubation period of about 5-15 days. If you are bitten by a vector mosquito with Japanese encephalitis virus, you may be infected with Japanese encephalitis, but Japanese encephalitis will not be transmitted directly through human-to-human interaction.

Transmission route: most of the mosquitoes are infected by the bite of domestic mosquito

The mosquito vector that transmits Japanese encephalitis is mainly domestic mosquito, and the epidemic season is mainly from May to October every year, and the peak of mosquito bite is about dawn and dusk in a day.

Symptoms of infection: Most patients infected with Japanese encephalitis have no symptoms. A small number of patients will have symptoms such as headache, fever or aseptic meningitis. In severe cases, they will have symptoms such as headache, high fever, spasm, convulsion or coma, which may eventually lead to neurological and psychiatric sequelae or death. The recovery period of Japanese encephalitis is long, and the neurological sequelae include language barriers, while the mental sequelae are mainly short-tempered and abnormal personality.

Take your children to get Japanese encephalitis vaccine!

At present, there is no effective medicine for Japanese encephalitis virus, and most of them adopt supportive therapy. At present, * * * provides that children born over 15 months should receive 2 doses of vaccine, with a gap of 2 weeks, and then the third dose every other year. Since 12, children over 5 years old should complete the fourth dose of vaccine before entering elementary school.

3 Malaria

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by plasmodium. In the early days of Taiwan's recovery, malaria infection was extremely serious. At that time, the total population was 6 million, and about 1/5 of them were infected with malaria. Since 1946, * * * has been involved in malaria control, and in 1965, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially listed Taiwan Province as a malaria eradication area. At present, most cases are infected in foreign countries (such as Southeast Asia, Africa and Oceania), and then come into Taiwan Province.

route of infection: the bite of Anopheles minimus is the most common infection

When an Anopheles mosquito infected with plasmodium bites a person, the plasmodium is injected into the human body, resulting in malaria infection. In addition, blood transfusion, organ transplantation and drug injection may also be infected with malaria, and sick pregnant women may also transmit malaria to their fetuses through the placenta.

symptoms of infection: similar to cold symptoms

the early symptoms of malaria infection are similar to the common cold, and the main symptoms are fever, chills, followed by cold sweat. Other symptoms may also occur, such as headache, muscle pain, joint pain, nausea, vomiting and fatigue. Without proper treatment, symptoms such as intermittent or periodic chills, shivering, fever and sweating may occur in a few days, and severe cases may lead to splenomegaly, jaundice, shock, liver and kidney failure, pulmonary edema, acute brain lesions and coma.

Prevention of malaria is better than cure

There is no vaccine for children to fight malaria at present. If parents plan to take their children to malaria-endemic areas, please consult a doctor to assess the local risks before going abroad, or take preventive drugs in advance; If you have intermittent fever, chills or other cold symptoms after returning to China, please seek medical advice as soon as possible and take the initiative to inform the doctor of your travel history. Who are vulnerable to mosquito bites?

It is often said that mosquitoes are selective in biting people, and they will look for the most suitable target from the crowd by smell. Chief Chen Zhuci said that although there is no exact research on who is really favored by mosquitoes, according to many experimental results, there are four kinds of people who really have a soft spot for mosquitoes.

1 People with high body temperature or easy to sweat

People who have just sweated a lot have increased acidity in their blood, and the sweat discharged makes the lactic acid value on their body surface higher, which is attractive to mosquitoes; In addition, there is a heated body in the antenna of mosquitoes, which is very sensitive to temperature. As long as there is a little change in temperature difference, it can be detected immediately, so people with higher body temperature will have greater attraction to mosquitoes.

2 People who have just finished exercise or breathe faster

People will breathe faster after engaging in exercise or manual labor. Some people have larger vital capacity or faster breathing rhythm, and they exhale relatively more carbon dioxide, which will make mosquitoes smell it.

3 People with fast metabolism

Many people mistakenly think that babies or children are easy to be bitten by mosquitoes because they have delicate skin and sweet blood, so they are easy to provoke mosquitoes, but in fact, because mosquitoes have a strong sense of smell, babies' metabolism is faster than that of adults. When they exhale carbon dioxide and other odors, these odors will spread in the air, which will lead mosquitoes to bite their targets.

4 People who love to wear dark clothes

Besides taste and smell, mosquitoes also have the so-called "color tropism". Observing the characteristics that mosquitoes like to haunt in the dark is mainly because they have the habit of darkening. If they wear dark clothes, they will attract mosquitoes to gather and stay. This is why people who love to wear dark clothes are vulnerable to mosquito kisses. Shit! Children are bitten by mosquitoes

It is quite common for children to be bitten by mosquitoes. Every time they see big bags and small bags on their children, they always make their parents feel distressed. Obviously, it is just a simple mosquito bite. Why do adults only have ordinary itching, while children often have extremely obvious symptoms, such as redness, itching and stinging! Itching to scratch the skin, or even worse into cellulitis? And how should mom and dad care for their children after mosquito bites?

Is the redness and swelling caused by mosquito bites allergic?

Zeng Junrui, director of Zeng Junrui's Pediatric Clinic, said that when a mosquito bites a human body, its saliva will enter the skin. When a foreign body enters the body, the immune system will release a kind of protein called histamine, which will cause inflammatory cells to gather to fight against the foreign body, and then it will cause local inflammation, swelling and itching in the bitten area.

The intensity of the reaction varies from person to person, and it is also related to personal physique and the amount of saliva of mosquitoes, and it will weaken after many bites. The reason why infants and young children react obviously after being bitten by mosquitoes is that adults have "desensitization" reaction after many bites, but infants and young children often have strong immune response because they have not been bitten as much as adults, resulting in red, swollen and itchy symptoms.

judge whether the child is allergic or inflamed after being bitten?

Parents are often at a loss about children's skin reaction after being bitten by mosquitoes. Dr. Zeng Junrui pointed out that in general, if children are bitten by mosquitoes without obvious inflammatory symptoms, they can be improved by applying steroid ointment prescribed by doctors or purchased by themselves for several days.

However, if you are infected by bacteria and have an inflammatory reaction, you should be very careful. You can't apply steroid drugs by yourself, and you need a doctor to treat you with antibiotics, so as to avoid other serious diseases such as sepsis and cellulitis caused by immune function.

The method to judge whether it is bacterial infection, inflammation or allergy is very simple. If a child is bitten, the affected part appears red, swollen, hot and painful at the same time, and most of them are infected and inflamed. Or gently touch the wound, the child will cry or push it away, which also means that the skin is not just itchy caused by simple allergies, but has an inflammatory reaction.

A few days after being bitten by a mosquito, some people scratch strongly because of their strange itching, only to find that the swelling is getting worse and worse. A large red, swollen, hot and painful plaque is produced around the bite, local lymph nodes are swollen, and fever and chills may occur. At this time, it has become cellulitis.

Don't let the minor injury evolve into cellulitis

The cause of cellulitis is that Staphylococcus aureus invades from the scratched wound and enters the subcutaneous tissue, causing a strong tissue inflammatory reaction. Therefore, after a child is bitten by a mosquito, parents should help to relieve itching and use appropriate antipruritic drugs or antipruritic methods to appease it, so as to prevent the child from scratching his skin.

It is most important to relieve itching when children are bitten.

Dr. Zeng Junrui reminded parents that children's reaction after being bitten by mosquitoes is more intense than that of adults, and the itching situation is more obvious. In order to avoid inflammation and infection caused by scratching the wound because of itching, parents are advised to help their children to relieve itching after being bitten. The ways to stop itching can be divided into drug therapy and non-drug therapy, which are explained as follows: drug therapy: for local swelling and itching caused by biting, topical antipruritic ointment or steroid ointment can be used on the first floor of Bo Tu, and oral antihistamine drugs can be added in more serious cases to enhance the effect. Non-drug treatment: there are many non-drug treatments, including patting the bite with cold water, or wrapping small ice cubes with towels and applying ice to the swollen bite, which can reduce the itching feeling and even slow down the swelling. Tips for mosquito control

Mosquito control work should not be sloppy. Children are easily bitten by mosquitoes not only at home, but also when they go out to play. Therefore, mosquito control work is divided into two categories: home and outdoor.

Mosquito control at home

There are several indoor mosquito control methods for parents' reference: Install mosquito nets: For infants with low mobility and sleeping young children, it is safest to use physical mosquito control methods, such as installing mosquito nets. Indoor planning: installing screen doors, sealing strips at gaps, and planting mosquito repellent flowers such as cordate telosma, jasmine, Milan or rose indoors also have mosquito repellent effects. Using mosquito repellent products, such as electric mosquito repellent incense, mosquito repellent incense and electronic mosquito repellent, is the quickest way to kill mosquitoes, but it should be noted that no matter what mosquito repellent products are used, ventilation should be maintained and children should not touch them. Improve the environment: Follow the "Four Formulas for Removing Breeding Sources" and regularly clean the places and containers that may accumulate water near home so that mosquito larvae cannot breed.

Outdoor mosquito control and changing clothes: If you take young children to play outdoors, try to wear light-colored or long-sleeved clothes, which can reduce the chance of mosquito bites. Use anti-mosquito products: spray anti-mosquito products 2 minutes before going out, but parents should pay attention to that because anti-mosquito products are mostly composed of chemical agents, although the dosage is within the safety standards, infants under 6 months are advised not to use them first, while children aged 6 months to 12 years are advised not to use them directly on the face and hands, but can use them on the neckline and cuffs. In addition, today's popular anti-mosquito stickers use the temperature to volatilize and release mosquito repellent ingredients, which can be attached to clothes, hats or baby carts, but not directly to the skin surface. You have to listen to me, which in itself shows the authoritarian attitude of your parents. Hu Kexin, a clinical psychologist, stressed that real learning comes from experiencing practical experience and setbacks. Ask your child if he wants to change another one by asking questions and reasonable reasons. If the child insists, he should be given the opportunity to experience it by himself. Keep your baby in a mosquito-free environment

If you want to reduce mosquito aggregation in your home space, the most important thing is to do a good job of mosquito prevention in peacetime, but for infants and young children,