Introduction to basic knowledge of photography

Basic photography knowledge introduces the basis of photography skills.

Introduction to basic knowledge of photography

Introduction to basic photography 1. Aperture, shutter, focus and depth of field

The control of exposure mainly depends on the size of aperture and the speed of shutter. To learn to shoot manually, you must learn to match the setting of aperture and shutter.

1, the relationship between exposure and aperture

Aperture is a hole in the camera lens that can be changed in size. It controls the amount of light entering the lens. Other things being equal, the larger the aperture, the more light will enter the lens. It's like a window in a room. The bigger it is, the more light comes in.

The numerical value of aperture is usually expressed by aperture value. It should be noted that the larger the aperture value, the smaller the aperture. For example, the aperture of f 16 is smaller than that of f8.

When the shutter speed is constant, the size of the aperture determines the brightness of the photo. If the aperture is too large, the photo will be white if it is overexposed. If the aperture is too small and the exposure is insufficient, the photos taken will be very dark.

2. The relationship between exposure and shutter

Shutter is the gate that controls the light entering. Other things being equal, the higher the shutter speed, the less light enters the lens. Conversely, the time from Dallas to the auditorium is equivalent to the time to open the window.

Both aperture and shutter can control exposure, and their combination is the main factor to control exposure, which affects each other. If the aperture is reduced by one step (for example, from f/4 to f/5.6) and the shutter speed is doubled (for example, from 1/60 to 1/30), their exposure is the same.

3. The importance of concentration

Focusing refers to the process of adjusting the focal length of the lens to make the image clearest after the lens is aimed at the object. Only by focusing correctly can the image be clear, otherwise the image will be blurred.

4. The relationship between depth of field and aperture, distance and focal length

Introduction to basic knowledge of photography

The "scene" of depth of field refers to the scene we want to shoot, and the "depth" is the depth range of clarity. When the lens is focused on the shooting target, it is equivalent to clear imaging on the CCD photosensitive element. Scenes in a certain range before and after it can also be recorded more clearly, and this range is the depth of field.

The greater the depth of field, the greater the clear range of the scene in depth. The smaller the depth of field, the smaller the clear range of the depth scene.

The three main factors that affect the depth of field are:

(1) Aperture: The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field, and the same lens focal length and distance, and vice versa.

(2) Distance: The closer to the shooting target, the smaller the depth of field, and the farther away from the shooting target, the greater the depth of field when the focal length and aperture of the lens are unchanged.

(3) Focal length: The shorter the focal length of the lens, the greater the depth of field with the same distance and aperture. In other words, the depth of field of a short focal length lens is large, while that of a telephoto lens is small.

Introduction to the basic knowledge of photography II. Basic mode of photographic composition

(1) components are balanced and stable.

Balance is balance. It is different from symmetry. The picture formed in this way is not a one-to-one correspondence of the shapes, quantities, sizes and arrangements of the left and right scenery, but a different arrangement of the same or similar shapes, quantities and sizes, which gives people visual stability, is an echo balance between the alien and the different, and is an artistic balance of using the perspective laws and visual habits, such as near-heavy and far-light, near-big and far-small, and deep and light. Of course, equilibrium also includes symmetric equilibrium.

Balanced composition gives people a sense of tranquility and stability, but there is no absolute symmetry, so it is a common form used by photographers in composition, and balance has become one of the basic requirements of photographic composition.

To form a balanced composition, the key is to select the balance point (balance). What is the balance point? This should be found from the artistic effect. As long as the location is suitable, small objects can be balanced with big objects, distant objects can also be balanced with near objects, animals can also be balanced with still objects, and low scenes can also be balanced with high scenes. We should practice and study more and make good use of this artistic skill.