The Historical Evolution of March of the Volunteers

Just one month after the September 18th Incident, Fushun Qingyuan's "Blood League Salvation Army" fired the first shot of Liaodong's armed resistance against Japan. At the same time, the mother song of "National Anthem" was born more than three years earlier than that of March of the Volunteers, and on June 193 1, 10, 16, it was sung in Fushun!

1July 6, 2005 16, more than 40 experts, scholars and descendants of anti-Japanese war martyrs unanimously recognized that the "Blood League Salvation Army Song", which was born in June of 193 10, is the "mother" of the national anthem, and Fushun is the foundation of the national anthem.

The lyrics of this song are very similar to the familiar national anthem:

Get up, people who don't want to be conquered.

Arouse the people of the whole country with our flesh and blood

We can't just sit back and wait.

We must get up and destroy the enemy.

The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time.

Get up! Get up!

The people of the whole country are United.

Fight! Fight! Fight! Fight!

This song is the Song of Saving the Nation by Blood Alliance, which was written by Sun and Sun (also known as Sun Yaozu) brothers in Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County.

On July 15 and 16, Fushun held a symposium to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and "Fushun-Foundation of the National Anthem". More than 40 experts and scholars from all over the province and descendants of anti-Japanese war martyrs attended the symposium, and the participants unanimously concluded that it was more than three years earlier than march of the volunteers, that is, in 193 1. Fushun is the foundation of the national anthem!

At this symposium, Jason, director of the Northeast Occupation History Research Office of Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, said that "The Military Song of Saving the Country by Blood Alliance" is the "mother" of the national anthem, and how the national anthem originated has always been a blank in the field of historical research. Doing this work well is a great contribution to the country and society. Mr. Wang, vice president of China Modern History Historical Materials Society and president of Liaoning "September 18th" War Research Association, believes that a large number of historical materials prove that the expression "Fushun is the foundation of the national anthem" can be regarded as accurate.

The Sun Shi brothers provided the original materials for the national anthem.

According to records, on September 28th, 2002, Wang Pinglu, vice president of Fushun Academy of Social Sciences, interviewed Sun's son, who lived in Fushun Xige Trade Union and worked as a driver in Fushun No.1 Petroleum Factory. Sun Chao recalled: "My father also wrote a Military Song at the beginning, which was 193 1 year1October16th. I am at the creation site 15 years old. " The old man also sang this military song to Wang Pinglu on the spot, using the northeast tune and the old tune. He said that the lyrics were written by his father and uncle Sun, and composed by Xianming Zhang. In addition, in 2003, Bai, a visiting researcher at the Institute of History of Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences and executive director of Fushun Local Records Society, interviewed Sun Xueen, a veteran of the Salvation Army, in Dasuhe, Qingyuan. At that time, Sun Xueen also sang this song emotionally.

These clues have attracted the attention of relevant departments in Fushun. 20 14 Fushun CPPCC set up a textual research working group to carry out special textual research in Qingyuan, Shenyang, Jinzhou, Zhangjiakou, Tangshan, Beijing, Gubeikou and China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall.

So, who are the Sun Shi brothers?

Sun,1September, 889 15 was born in a middle-class peasant family in Zhongzhaizi Village, Qingyuan County. Graduated from Yingjing County Police Coach College. He used to be the company commander and battalion commander in Feng Jun. Sun, alias Sun Yaozu, is Sun's younger brother. Graduated from Yingjing Teachers College, worked as a primary school principal, clerk and researcher of Qingyuan Education Bureau.

193 1 On the day of the "September 18th Incident", Sun witnessed the aggression and atrocities of the Japanese invaders, so together with his old friend Xianming Zhang who had studied in Japan, he mobilized his relatives and friends and fellow villagers to organize anti-Japanese armed forces. At the same time, he instigated Li, the 28th squadron of Liaoning Public Security Brigade, to defect. Sun sold his property and bought guns, and decided to rebel in the middle of 193 1 10. On the eve of the uprising, Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen and Xianming Zhang wrote the Anti-Japanese Military Song of Volunteers in the village courtyard of Zhongzhaizi, that is, the Military Song of Saving the Country by Blood Alliance. Poems written by Sun Shi brothers and music written by Xianming Zhang.

193 1 year1October 19, more than 400 people from the 28th squadron of Sun, Xianming Zhang and Li gathered in Dasuhe Township, Qingyuan County, singing military songs, announcing the uprising and establishing the "Liaodong Blood League Salvation Army". Sun was elected as the commander-in-chief of the Salvation Army of the Blood League, Li as the commander-in-chief, Xianming Zhang as the general staff, and Sun bought ammunition and other military supplies everywhere.

1932 65438+ In October, the Salvation Army grew to more than a thousand people. 1 At the end of the year, more than 20 soldiers including Sun, Xianming Zhang were killed. After Sun's sacrifice, Sun led his troops to join the Sixth Route Army of Liaoning People's Self-Defense Force as the brigade commander of the Sixth Brigade to fight against the enemy. Finally, the team was dissolved. Later, Sun was arrested and imprisoned and killed by the Japanese army at the age of 39.

On September 1 2004, the Ministry of Civil Affairs published a list of 300 famous anti-Japanese heroes. Sun, commander-in-chief of the Salvation Army of Liaodong Blood League, ranks first in this list sorted by the year of martyrs' sacrifice and the strokes of their surnames.

2065438+April, 2005 1 day, Fushun Textual Research Working Group went to Sun's hometown Zhongzhaizi Village, Qingyuan, and found Sun's relative Jiang Xueru to understand the situation. The 93-year-old man described the situation at that time: "My name is Uncle Sun San and Uncle Sun. At that time, I was 9 years old and often went to Sun's compound to play. One day in a room in the main room, a man stood in front of a long table with a wooden stick, and about 20 people sang' get up, get up!' I thought adults thought I was in the way and told me to get up. "

2065438+0 On April 26th, 2005, the research team was in Zhangjiakou, and Sun Yuning, the grandson of Sun, took out his old photos that he had treasured for many years, which were taken with his nephew before Grandpa decided to return to the Northeast. Sun Yuning recalled: "After Grandpa arrived in Beiping, he gave a speech at Peking University and other places under the arrangement of the' Salvation Society' to publicize and introduce the fighting deeds of Liaodong Volunteers. At the end of the speech, he sang the lyrics of "Song of the Salvation Army of the Blood League" while talking on the phone. "

In Tangshan, another grandson of Sun recalled to the textual research working group that he heard his father sing march of the volunteers in 1954. At that time, he also said that there were words made up by your grandfather and your third grandfather when they quarreled with volunteers.

Subsequently, Fushun Textual Research Working Group came to China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall, and found that China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Hall spoke highly of Sun and Sun Yaozu: "They are patriotic and loyal, and take their country as their home. They aroused the awakening and struggle of millions of people with their blood and lives. They are the founders of the Volunteers and March of the Volunteers. " This is the only qualitative evaluation on the question of who is the founder of the national anthem in some parts of China.

Four possibilities for Tian Han to obtain information

So, how did the "Military Song of Saving the Nation by Blood Alliance" get into the hands of Mr. Tian Han? Peng Zhuangfei, a member of Fushun Literature and History Committee, told the reporter that according to the analysis of existing data, there are four possibilities: First, at the end of 1932, Sun, one of the authors, went to Beiping to publicize the meritorious service of the volunteers in the war of resistance against Japan and sang "The Military Song of Saving the Country by Blood Alliance" many times, which was circulated among patriots. Secondly, in March of 1933, Tian Han came to Gubeikou to pay his respects with the 800-member condolence group in Shanghai, and stayed in Gubeikou for 23 days, so he may have been exposed to the Liaodong Anti-Japanese Volunteers, including the military songs of the blood alliance to save the country. Third, Tang Juwu, the leader of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers, met Mr. Tian Han twice, once in Peiping and once in Shanghai, which may directly provide him with relevant information about the Liaodong Anti-Japanese Volunteers. Fourth, the military song of saving the country by blood alliance is sung by ten thousand people. Although the blood alliance has dispersed, the living soldiers will also spread this passionate military song after entering the customs.

Peng Zhuangfei told reporters that although March of the Volunteers is Tian Han's masterpiece, through careful comparison and analysis, we can find that the main words are highly similar in conception, theme, structure, rhyme and words, etc. The Song of Saving the Nation by Blood Alliance provides March of the Volunteers with more direct original materials. It should be said that March of the Volunteers's lyrics are more concise, more vivid, more contemporary and more influential than the military songs of Saving the Country by Blood Alliance. In particular, Tian Han transcended the limitations of the historical era and wrote "people who don't want to be slaves; The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time. "These two lyrics have a profound sense of history and historical enlightenment and warning value beyond time and space. Coupled with master Nie Er's music processing, March of the Volunteers has become the eternal melody of the Chinese nation.

The national anthem has a deep relationship with Liaoning.

1949 On September 27th, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference adopted the Resolution on the People's Capital, Date, National Anthem and National Flag of China, with March of the Volunteers as the national anthem. March of the Volunteers was created by Tian Han and Nie Er on 1935. So where did Mr. Tian Han's words come from?

Now more and more experts and scholars tend to think that it is closely related to Liaoning. After the "September 18th Incident", people's armed forces such as the Volunteers, the Self-Defense Forces, the Salvation Army, the Broadsword Society and the Red Gun Society were established in various parts of Liaoning, collectively known as the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers. Anti-Japanese War songs and uprising vows also came into being.

Previously, Liaoning claimed to be the hometown, birthplace or original material of the national anthem. Since 2007, Huanren has put forward the theory that "the material of the national anthem is original". The basis is that on April 2, 65438, the Liaoning People's Self-Defense Force held an anti-Japanese swearing-in meeting in Huanren, and the Commander-in-Chief Tang Juwu issued the Letter to Armed Comrades, which was sent to the whole country through the Beijing General Administration of Posts and Telecommunications, with great influence. There is a sentence in Huanren's letter to armed comrades: "Unite. How can I be willing to be a conquered people and inspire the spirit of killing the enemy to protect my family? We should know that this is a crucial moment for China's life and death, and our oppressed compatriots will unite, respond and unite. We Northeasters are already furious, and the gods are possessed, and we are shouting that we are killing more and more fiercely, not afraid of guns and fires, and marching forward in the rain! " According to this view, the material basis of March of the Volunteers created by Tian Han in Children of the Storm comes from Letter to Armed Comrades of Liaoning People's Self-Defense Force.

Jinzhou considers itself the birthplace of the Volunteers and march of the volunteers. Based on the oath, military prestige and achievements of the volunteers of the Northeast Salvation Army, the high level of Beizhen and Montenegro provided a realistic basis for the establishment and March of the volunteers. The original lyrics of the oath song of Northeast Salvation Army are: Get up! Get up! People who don't want to be conquered people, the nation is in peril and the mountains and rivers are broken! What's the use of keeping our heads when our homes are destroyed and our parents are cannon fodder? Pick up the knife and gun, hand in hand, and face the enemy's bullets and rush forward! Build the Great Wall with our bodies. Pick up the knife and gun, hand in hand, and face the enemy's bullets and rush forward! Build the Great Wall with our bodies. Go! Forward! Forward! Give your life and rush forward. Go! Forward! Keep moving. Give your life and rush forward. Kill! Kill! Kill! One, two, three, four!

Panshan County proposed that Panshan Volunteer Army is the creative prototype of march of the volunteers. They believe that after the September 18th Incident, Zhang Haitian from Panshan and Xiang Qingshan's Anti-Japanese Manifesto and Electrification provided profound spiritual support for the establishment of the Volunteers. "From 193 1 to 1933, Panshan Volunteers first disturbed Panshan, hit two Taian, hit three Grange Terraces, attacked Niuzhuang four times, attacked Haicheng five times, and then participated in the Great Wall War of Resistance. "It has great influence in China. Tian Han and Nie Er learned something about Panshan Volunteers through newspapers and other channels, which stimulated their creative enthusiasm.

Zhuluk Village, Jianping County, Chaoyang City also put forward the viewpoint of the birthplace of the national anthem. Their basis was that Nie Er went to Zhuluk Village in Jianping County on February 1933 to express his condolences to the volunteers who participated in the Jehol War of Resistance. In addition, there is a saying in Liaoning Province that the national anthem was born in Nanpiao, Huludao. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, the bonfire of national self-defense was ignited in the northeast. Anti-Japanese volunteers have sprung up all over the northeast. Less than 1 year, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army has reached 300,000. Since February, some anti-Japanese armed forces in the northeast have been reorganized into anti-Japanese Coalition forces to continue the anti-Japanese struggle in various regions. During the arduous period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a song came from a prison in Shanghai: This is the lyrics written by writer Tian Han for the film "Children in the Storm" at that time. Nie Er composed the music, and it was March of the Volunteers.

1933, Japanese invaders invaded Jehol and advanced to Jianping via Chaoyang. One morning in February, a group of cavalry came to Sijiazi town, and they all concentrated on the open space by the west river of Sijiazi Street to practice. At this time, several cars in the direction of Harqin in Jianping County came down with hundreds of people, and there was a machine. I heard that I could take portraits, but later I learned that it was called a camera. Photographed the exercises of cavalry units, trumpets, assassinations, singing, riding and running. Later, a man also played a dulcimer to teach us onlookers to sing military songs. On this day, the troops were still fighting with the Japanese army in Qinggouliang, and the guns rang until dark.

200 1 The Great Wall of Blood-A Record of the Volunteers' Anti-Japanese Struggle edited by the Literature and History Committee of the Liaoning Provincial Political Consultative Conference contains an article "Remembering the Anti-Japanese Volunteers in Heishan County" written by Liu Yu 1979 to the Party History Office of Heishan County, Liaoning Province, which has such a memory: "The solar calendar year is coming, taking Beiping to fight against Japan. We have more than 400 troops in Lijiawobao, Heishan County, from Panshan via Zhaojiatun, Zhonganbao and Fuxin to Beizifu and Zhuluk in Jehol. From western Liaoning to Jehol, there are more than 200 people including Zheng Jiawopu and Zheng Zifeng, and more than 200 people including Anjia and Xiaoqi. In addition, more than 600 people from Bai Yihua of Fuxin Temple also arrived in Jehol. We are all cavalry, organized as a regiment of the Second Corps of the Anti-Japanese Volunteers. 1933 In February, the anti-Japanese cavalry of Quan Yi, the king of southern Liaoning, and Gu Yutian also came to Jehol and were incorporated into the second regiment of the Second Corps of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers. Nie Er and other patriotic intellectuals came to Jehol. They comforted the troops and did anti-Japanese propaganda work. From the fourth edition of Liaoning literature and history materials, we can also find the memoir "Overview of the Second Corps of Northeast Volunteers" by Li Chunhua, former deputy head of the Second Corps of Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers. It is recorded in the article: "100 on the evening of February 25th, 933, Wang Huayi, Minister of the Army Department of the National Salvation Association, Du Chongyuan, Vice Minister of the Political Department, and Zhu Qinglan, the head of the Liaoji Black Heat Support Association in Shanghai, led a group of more than 00 people to Zhuluk with mechanical ammunition, clothes and condolences. On the 26th, I went to Sijiazi to review the condolence troops. The film company in Shanghai made a documentary. "

The Literature and History Committee of the Hebei Provincial Political Consultative Conference collected the memoirs of Wang Huayi, the former military minister of the Northeast People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association in Beiping and the head of the Second Corps of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers. The article records: "1February 22, 933, we set out from Chengde for Zhuluk village. The Jehol Traffic Team assembled six trucks, carrying artillery shells, propaganda teams and their entourage. On the night of the 25th, I went to the temporary headquarters of the Second Corps of Juruk. 26 10 to Sijiazi to review all the officers and men who arrived. "

In a landscape park in Jinzhou, an old-fashioned house with yellow walls, green tiles and green eaves has experienced nearly a hundred years of wind and rain. It used to be the former site of Northeast Jiaotong University, and it was also the former site where garrison headquarters, Liaoning Provincial Government Office and Anti-Japanese Volunteers were established after the September 18th Incident. 20 14 Jinzhou Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers Research Association set up a memorial hall here to show people the heroic and unyielding history of Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers. Liu stood in front of an exhibition board and stared at the photos of his father and other ancestors for a long time. Pointing to one of the photos of the cavalry galloping, he said, "This photo is from the film History of Blood and Tears in Jehol, which was shot by Shanghai Hui Chong Film Company. In the picture, my father led a team riding a white horse, and the shooting location is now Sijiazi Town, Aohan Banner. "

Liu said in his memoirs: "1 During the Anti-Japanese War in Jehol in February, 1933, when people accompanying the support group visited and interviewed our volunteers, solatium was distributed in the order of1Battalion to Battalion 3. When the condolences were first distributed to 1 Battalion and Battalion 2, I directed the officers and men of Battalion 3 to sing the oath-taking song of volunteers. Nie Er of the condolence group heard the song and came to us. Nie er is from the south. He asked us that I couldn't understand the song you sang in Northeast dialect. What song are you singing? It sounds like a fool's song to me. I told Nie Er that we were not singing a fool's song, but a volunteer oath song. At that time, Gao Peng was a student of Northeastern University and the liaison adjutant of the Military Department of the Northeast People's Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Association in Beiping. After the young intellectuals who followed Zhu Qinglan from Shanghai and Beiping to Jehol came to Chengde, he was responsible for contacting and convening. He knows Nie Er and others. I met Nie Er through the introduction of Gao Peng. "

"According to my father's memories and other historical records, it is precisely because Nie Er sang the oath song of the volunteers with the officers and men of the volunteers in four houses, and got the leaflet of the oath song of the volunteers from my father, which provided basic materials for Nie Er and Tian Han to jointly create March of the Volunteers. Song of the Volunteers was written in Jinzhou and spread from four schools to the whole country through Nie Er. In other words, the four major families should be the places where the materials of the National Anthem of the People of China came out. " Liu's son said positively.

1934 Zhu qinglan sponsored Shanghai Dentsu Film Company to shoot "Children of the Storm", written by Tian Han. However, as soon as Tian Han handed over the synopsis of the story and the lyrics of a theme song, he was arrested and imprisoned by the Kuomintang government on February 1935. Later, the film was adapted into print by China's first generation film director Xia Yan. After Tian Han was arrested, musician Nie Er found Xia Yan and undertook the task of writing the theme song for The Son of the Storm.

1935 April 18, Nie Er arrived in Tokyo, Japan, and revised the first draft of the theme song composition of "Children of the Storm". After finalizing the score, he sent it back to China.

According to the staff of Shanghai National Anthem Exhibition Hall, after the early filming of the film "Son of the Storm" was completed, the lyrics of Tian Han's theme song did not determine the title of the film, while the lyrics and music name sent back by Nie Er from Japan only wrote three words "March". How did the theme song lyrics and the name "March" in "Children of the Storm" become one name? General Zhu Qinglan, as an investor in the film "The Son of the Storm", added the word "Volunteer Army" before the word "March", and the title of the theme song of "The Son of the Storm" became March of the Volunteers. Finally, March of the Volunteers was made into a record by Shanghai EMI Records Company for public release.

March of the Volunteers, written by Tian Han and composed by Nie Er, was born in 1935, when the Chinese nation was at a critical juncture. This song, which has been sung in China for nearly 70 years, is like a battle horn, inspiring Chinese sons and daughters to resist Japanese imperialist aggression, liberate all China and build a society.

The September 18th Incident in 193 1 started the Japanese imperialist war of aggression against China, and the roar of "not being the conquered" aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of the people all over the country. 1932 and 1933 joined Tian Han and Nie Er of China * * * production party and devoted themselves to the anti-Japanese national salvation movement led by China * * * production party.

1in the spring of 934, Tian Han decided to write a screenplay with the theme of resisting Japan and saving the nation. No sooner had he written an outline of a story and the lyrics of a theme song than he was arrested and imprisoned by Kuomintang reactionaries. Another * * * party member and playwright Xia Yan took over and wrote the story into a screenplay. Nie Er volunteered to compose music for March of the Volunteers, the theme song written by Tian Han. When he read the lyrics "Get up! People who don't want to be slaves build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood! When the Chinese nation reached the most dangerous time, everyone was forced to make a final roar. Get up! Get up! Get up! We are United and braved the enemy's gunfire! Braving the enemy's gunfire! Forward! Forward! Enter! " He seemed to hear his mother's moan, the voice of the nation, the call of the motherland and the roar of the soldiers. Patriotic passion surged in his chest, a magnificent and passionate melody sounded from his heart, and he quickly completed the first draft of the score. Later, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Kuomintang government, the final version of the music was completed in the drift from place to place. This gave birth to a revolutionary battle song that showed the strong character of the Chinese nation, the dignity of the motherland and the heroic spirit of uniting against the enemy. This is the last work of Nie Er's short life.

After March of the Volunteers was born, it was like putting wings on it and singing in the land of the motherland. Accompanied by the "December 9th Movement", the huge waves of the national salvation movement, the bonfire in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the smoke of the liberation war spread all over the country, inside and outside the Great Wall. This revolutionary song is even famous overseas and spread all over the world.

From 65438 to 0940, paul robeson, a famous American black singer, sang this song in new york, and then he wrote a set of China revolutionary songs called Get Up, and Soong Ching Ling personally prefaced it. On the anti-fascist front at that time, March of the Volunteers represented the strongest battle song of the people of China. At the end of World War II, March of the Volunteers was impressively listed among the triumph songs of the allied forces. 1949, the rule of the Chiang family dynasty of the Kuomintang in Chinese mainland ended, and the work of establishing a new China began. In June of that year, the preparatory meeting of the new political consultative conference was held in Beiping. In the sixth group of the preparatory meeting, Ma Xulun was the leader, and Ye Jianying and Mao Dun (Shen Yanbing) were the deputy leaders, responsible for drafting the national flag, national emblem and national anthem of the new China. Guo Moruo, Zhang Xiruo, Tian Han, Ma Yinchu, Zheng Zhenduo and many other famous people participated in this work.

1On July 4th, 949, Ye Jianying presided over the first meeting of the sixth group in the first conference room of Qin Zhengting Hall in Zhongnanhai, and elected Guo Moruo, Tian Han, Mao Dun, Qian Sanqiang and Ou Yangyuqian as the national anthem primary selection committee and Guo Moruo as the convener.

1On August 5th, 949, the second group meeting of the 6th Session decided to hire four music professionals, Ma Sicong, He Luting, Lu Ji and Yao, as consultants of the National Lyrics Primary Selection Committee. After revision and approval by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, Guo Moruo and others drafted the Notice on Collection of National Flag and Anthem Patterns, which was distributed in major newspapers such as People's Daily, Tianjin Daily and Guangming Daily for eight consecutive days. Domestic newspapers and newspapers of Hong Kong and overseas Chinese have also been reprinted. Such a large-scale national flag, national emblem and national anthem can be seen in newspapers, which is rare in Chinese and foreign history. After the announcement of the essay was issued, it aroused strong repercussions among Chinese at home and abroad, and application papers poured in like snow.

By August 24th, 1949, the Preparatory Committee had received more than 350 manuscripts about the national anthem. After careful discussion and examination, it is considered that the draft national anthem is not enough to be selected, and it is not in line with international practice and the requirements of the times if the newly born Republic of China does not determine an national anthem that reflects its dignity when it is announced. Therefore, it is decided to solicit again in a planned way, and the selected people will make music and audition, and solicit feedback from the masses before making the final selection.

On September 2 1, 65438,949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping. The meeting set up a 55-member National Flag, National Emblem, National Anthem, Country Name and Chronology Review Committee, with Ma Xulun as the convener. As of that day, the sixth group had received 632 national anthems and 694 lyrics.

1On September 25th, 949, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai hosted a consultation forum on national flag, national emblem, national anthem, calendar year and national capital in Fengze Garden, Zhongnanhai. Participants included Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Huang Yanpei, Chen Jiageng, Zhang Xiruo, Ma Xulun, Tian Han, Xu Beihong, Li, Hong Shen, Ai Qing, Ma Yinchu, Liang Sicheng and Ma Sicong. At the symposium, Ma Xulun and others advocated using March of the Volunteers as the national anthem for the time being, and many members such as Xu Beihong and Guo Moruo agreed. Because the original lyrics contain historical words such as "the Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time", Guo Moruo and Tian Han suggested modifying the lyrics, and Guo Moruo drafted three paragraphs. However, Zhang Xiruo and Liang Sicheng believe that this song is a product of history. In order to maintain its integrity, it is best not to modify the lyrics, taking the French Marseillaise as an example. Mr. Huang Yanpei is also in favor of not modifying the lyrics. Liu Liangmo, a representative of religious circles who just returned from abroad, introduced the spread of March of the Volunteers abroad, and thought that March of the Volunteers had won unanimous praise from people at home and abroad, and had its influence internationally, so it should be adopted as the national anthem. President Mao Zedong and Vice-President Zhou Enlai agree with this idea of "preparing for danger in times of peace", and believe that the new China needs to fight against internal and external enemies and all kinds of difficulties and hardships in order to achieve real stability and security. Vice President Zhou Enlai said: "Only original lyrics can arouse emotions. After the revision, there will be no such emotion when singing. " The national anthem represents the national temperament and spiritual outlook of a country. March of the Volunteers's creation at the critical moment of the Chinese nation just shows the indomitable fighting spirit of the Chinese nation. President Mao Zedong agreed and supported that the lyrics remain unchanged. After discussion, except that the national emblem was designed by the original group, all other issues were agreed. At the end of the meeting, President Mao Zedong and Vice President Zhou Enlai sang March of the Volunteers loudly.

1On September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed a resolution to adopt March of the Volunteers, whose lyrics were written by Tian Han and whose music was composed by Nie Er, as the national anthem before the national anthem of China was formally formulated.

1 949 65438+1October13 pm, founding ceremony was held in Tiananmen Square. President Mao Zedong solemnly declared to the world with a loud voice: "The Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC) was established today." Then Chairman Mao pressed the flag-raising button, and with the raising of the five-star red flag, march of the volunteers sounded as the national anthem in Tiananmen Square for the first time.

On June 5438+0949165438+10/5, People's Daily published the "Xinhua News Agency Mailbox" about the national flag, national anthem and year number, explaining that March of the Volunteers was adopted as the national anthem as follows: March of the Volunteers is the most popular song in the revolutionary struggle of the broad masses of our country for more than ten years. March of the Volunteers was adopted as the current National Anthem of the People's Republic of China without modification in order to arouse people's memories of the hardships and hardships in the process of founding the motherland, inspire people to carry forward their patriotic enthusiasm against imperialist aggression and carry the revolution to the end. This is the same as the Soviet people used the Internationale as the national anthem for a long time, and the French people still use the Marseillaise as the national anthem today. "

March of the Volunteers sang as the national anthem for 17 years. During the ten-year turmoil, Tian Han was persecuted by the Gang of Four, and the lyrics could no longer be sung, so he could only play the music of the national anthem on formal occasions.

After the downfall of the Gang of Four, some people proposed to rewrite the lyrics of the national anthem on the grounds that "the country has entered a new historical period and March of the Volunteers's lyrics cannot reflect the changed reality".

1On March 5th, 978, the first meeting of the Fifth National People's Congress adopted the March of Volunteers' New Words.

There have been different opinions on the lyrics of the new national anthem. One view is that the new lyrics are magnificent, highly generalized, politically strong, and have exciting contents such as "Towards the tomorrow of capitalism". At the same time, many comrades think that the content and rhythm of the new lyrics have not been carefully scrutinized. Literally, the lyrics are peaceful, lacking passion and image, and only a few slogans are pieced together. From the prosody point of view, the new lyrics are not as flat and even as the original lyrics, and there is a sense of patchwork.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Party led the people of the whole country to comprehensively clean up the mistakes in the Cultural Revolution, thoroughly summed up the historical experience since the founding of the People's Republic of China, restored and formulated a series of correct principles and policies according to the new situation, and the country entered a new era, and the work of systematically amending the 1978 Constitution was put on the agenda. During this period, the party and the state corrected a large number of unjust, false and wrong cases caused by the "Cultural Revolution". Tian Han, the original author of the national anthem lyrics, was rehabilitated.

From 1980 to 1982, the Constitutional Amendment Committee received a lot of opinions from all sides, holding that march of the volunteers embodies the revolutionary tradition of the people of China, embodies the thought of being prepared for danger in times of peace, and inspires the patriotism of the people of China for many years; It is suggested to abolish the lyrics of the national anthem adopted by 1978 and restore march of the volunteers decided by 1949 at the first CPPCC meeting. At the same time, it is suggested that a resolution be made to finalize the national anthem, as in the first session of the CPPCC. The Constitutional Amendment Committee unanimously agreed to restore 1949 March of the Volunteers, which was decided by the first session of China People's Political Consultative Conference, to the national anthem.

1982 65438+On February 4th, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress passed a resolution on the national anthem of China, revoking the new word 1978 adopted by the National People's Congress on March 5th, and restoring March of the Volunteers composed by Tian Han as the national anthem of China.

In April and August, 2003, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China twice sent notices to the party committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions of central and state organs, and leading bodies of people's organizations, soliciting opinions on amending some contents of the Constitution. Comrades in Anhui, Shandong, Hainan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and other provinces and cities and the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army have all proposed that the national anthem is a national symbol and it is suggested that it be clearly stipulated in the Constitution. The CPC Central Committee adopted the proposal of writing the national anthem into the Constitution. In the Proposal of the Central Committee on Amending Part of the Constitution adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee in June, 2003, March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of China, was written into the Constitution and submitted to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for discussion as an amendment proposal.

On March 14, 2004, the Second Session of the Tenth National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment, stipulating that "the national anthem of China people is march of the volunteers.