How does Sony 70rh shoot high-speed photography?

The larger the F value, the smaller the aperture, the deeper the depth of field and the clearer the background.

The smaller the f value, the larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field and the more obvious the blur.

The faster the shutter speed, the less light enters.

The slower the shutter speed. The more light enters.

The higher the ISO sensitivity, the brighter the photo and the more noise.

The lower the ISO sensitivity, the darker the photo and the less noise.

Sixteen rules of sunshine

For landscape photography, it is often impossible to obtain the best shooting effect by relying too much on the photometric results of the camera. For example, when there is a large dark field in the scene, the camera's metering system will increase the exposure, and the obtained photos will show the effect of overexposure, and the sky will become pale without any details.

At this time, if the "Sixteen Laws of Sunshine" were adopted, this would not happen. The intensity of sunlight is relatively fixed. When the camera aperture is set to f 16 and the shutter speed is set to1125 seconds (iso is 100), you can take a landscape photo with strong colors and normal exposure. According to this rule, f/22 aperture should be used in the environment with strong reflection, such as shooting on the beach. When the light is weak, such as cloudy days, F/1aperture should be used.

2 moonlight 1 1, 5.6 rule

The moon is the closest celestial body to us, and its changes are regular. Since ancient times, those beautiful legends have made people daydream about celestial bodies all the time, and at night, when you face the sky, the moon is the first to enter our field of vision. In ancient times, poets wrote poems about the moon. Nowadays, when people enjoy modern civilization, they all like to photograph the moon in their picture books.

According to professional measurement, when the full moon brightness value is ev 15, the normal visual effect can be obtained when the camera iso is set to 100, the shutter speed is1125 seconds, and the aperture is f 1 1. In half a month's time, the exposure should be quadrupled. The exposure combination can be set to iso 100, shutter 1/60s, and aperture f5.6, and even close to1sec is needed when shooting the moon bud. In detail, the brightness decreases not because of the change of their size, but because the angle of sunlight shining on the moon changes when the surplus changes. Avoid overexposure when shooting the moon. More exposure will turn into a white circle without the feeling of the moon, so it is called the moon because it has a three-dimensional effect.

3 camera jitter rules

When you shoot with a camera in your hand, the shutter speed should not be less than the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens. If the shutter speed is slow, the sharpness is more likely to decrease when shooting jitter. If a focal length of 50mm is used, the shutter should be above 1/50 seconds. Only when the environment is really dark, use a flash, tripod or put the camera on a hard object to prevent jitter.

However, many digital cameras now have anti-shake function. Canon and Nikon, represented by mirror anti-shake technology, have advantages mainly in telephoto shooting ability. Using mirror anti-shake in the focal length above 135mm has obvious effect and can completely replace the three-speed safety shutter (for example, the speed can reach1/30s after the hand-held shooting shutter is turned on at 200mm).

The anti-shake advantage of the model with anti-shake function is mainly reflected in the focal length of 50-100 mm. Take the newly released Olympus e3 as an example, it can replace the 4-speed safety shutter with this focal length, that is to say, under the focal length of 100mm, the photos taken at the shutter speed of 1/8 seconds are also worthwhile.

4 Grey Board Rules 18% Medium Grey Board

Grey board is a sharp weapon for shooting. But what if I don't have a gray board on me? You can spread the back of your hand (the palm is too white, and the color of the back of your hand is close to your face) to the sun, put your opponent's back in for metering, and add another exposure.

Fast flash output rule

After the depth of field rule, the depth of field is twice that of the foreground. When the subject is deep, the focus should be in front of 1/3 of the depth of field, because the depth of field after focusing is twice as large as before. This rule can be used in various combinations of aperture and focal length. Remember, the smaller the aperture, the shorter the focal length, and the farther away from the subject, the greater the depth of field. 6 Fast Flash Output Rule For ordinary users, the special hot-shoe ttl flash is expensive, and many people use the hot-shoe flash with a general interface with a price of only 100 yuan to replace it. Take the domestic Yin Yan flash as an example. The price of by28a is about 160 yuan, but it is an automatic flash with automatic metering.

When we need to take outdoor backlight portrait photos, in order to ensure the details of the sky and the uniform light ratio of dark faces under backlight conditions, we need to fill the faces with flash lights.

Take by28a as an example, we set the sensitivity of the flash to be twice that of the camera iso (such as camera iso 100 and flash iso400). The camera adopts aperture priority exposure, and the aperture selected by the camera should be consistent with the aperture set on the flash. According to the brightness of the sky, the brightness of the face in the shadow area is usually one step lower than the brightness of the sky after flash illumination, and the overall light ratio of the photo is very suitable. 7 capture the dynamic law

This rule is based on the empirical formula of angle and speed. If an object moves along the lens axis, you can capture it with the shutter of1125, then its movement behind the lens axis can be captured with 1/500 seconds. That is to say, when the object moves 45 degrees along the lens axis, it only needs a shutter speed of 1/250. 8 sunset rule

When shooting a sunset, measure the light above the sunset, but don't let the sun appear in your viewfinder. If you want the sunset to look an hour later than it really is, you can reduce the exposure compensation by one step.

Matters needing attention

First, the method of loading and unloading lens

The connection between the lens and the fuselage of SLR camera is realized by bayonet, which is usually three knives inside or three knives outside. In order to prevent the lens from falling off the fuselage, there is a locking tenon. Different cameras produced by different manufacturers have different positions and operation methods of locking devices, which leads to different lens loading and unloading. For example, Nikon's F bayonet is equipped with three internal knives rotating counterclockwise, while Canon's EF bayonet is equipped with three internal knives rotating clockwise, and the initial position of the positioning point is different when the lens is inserted into the penetration.

Why use a rotating bayonet? At first, the camera lens with interchangeable lens was connected with the fuselage by screws, just like screwing the air-permeable nut (such as M42 screw, which has a great influence). With the passage of time, screws can't meet the needs of new users. For example, screws can't meet the needs of full aperture metering and reduced aperture shooting, which is the most basic function of bayonet SLR cameras, so bayonet came into being.

Be careful when installing the lens, and be more careful when removing the lens. The lens must be vertical when it is pulled out, otherwise it will not only be difficult to pull out, but also damage the lens barrel or the bayonet of the fuselage. When rotating the lens, your hand should hold the lens barrel, not the aperture ring, focus ring or zoom ring. When installing the lens, the red dot on the lens should aim at the red dot on the fuselage, then insert the lens and rotate it to the end in the required direction until you hear the locking sound.

In a windy and dusty environment, try not to replace the lens, so as to avoid dust entering the mirror box, which may not only get on the CCD, but also penetrate into the moving parts, leading to increased wear and even failure. If you must change the lens in a harsh environment, then turn the fuselage upside down, and the bayonet can be loaded and unloaded to the end to avoid the infiltration and seepage of dust to the utmost extent. Cover the replaced lens with the front cover and the back cover as soon as possible and put it in a bag or lens barrel.

Second, make good use of ISO sensitivity.

ISO, commonly known as sensitivity, can be clearly seen on the film packaging used in traditional cameras, such as ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400 and so on. By adjusting the ISO value, the sensitivity of digital camera can be changed. Under the same conditions (constant exposure), the higher the ISO, the faster the photosensitive speed and the shorter the exposure time. That is to say, under the same environment and the same shutter aperture, if the ISO value is set higher, the brightness of digital photos will be higher.

Adjust ISO

I bought a digital camera, and now I can start shooting. To take beautiful digital photos, you need to choose different shooting modes according to the needs of the scene. You also need to pay attention to the sensitivity, the choice of white balance, the control of background blur, the frame of composition, the direction of light and the choice of edge points. Next, let's take a look at how to take pictures.

1, the role of high sensitivity

Due to the improvement of ISO, the photosensitive time of CCD can be effectively reduced, which is convenient for us to shoot in weak light. Because it usually takes a long exposure time when shooting in low light or at night. Once the exposure time is too long, hand shaking will easily affect the shooting clarity. The only way is to fix the camera with a tripod. But after all, for most users, it is not a convenient thing to go out for entertainment with a tripod at any time. In addition, sometimes some emergencies will happen at night. The most direct way to get a brighter shooting effect is to use a high ISO value, so that the shooting effect will be better. Scenes with high ISO values include night scenes, low light environments and quick snapshots.

2, the role of low sensitivity

However, the higher the sensitivity, the better, because although the photo with a small ISO value has the weakest brightness, the picture quality is the best. The photos with too high ISO have the most obvious graininess and more noise. Therefore, a higher ISO setting is not suitable for digital photos with high quality requirements, especially portrait shooting, still life shooting and close-up.

Third, choose the appropriate exposure mode.

Exposure is a commonly used term in photography, which is the amount of natural light that enters the penetrating camera when shooting. If the amount of light is too large, then the photo will appear very bright, which is called overexposure; If the amount of light is too small, the photo will appear very dark, which is called underexposure. Grasping the intensity of exposure plays a very important role in the quality of a photo. Exposure modes are divided into:

1, automatic exposure

Automatic exposure is an exposure method for digital cameras to automatically analyze and select exposure intensity according to light conditions, which is also commonly known as fool operation. This method has no technical content, and everything depends on the automatic identification of digital cameras. Automatically set the aperture and shutter speed according to the specific situation of shooting scene light. When the light is insufficient, the camera will automatically turn on the internal flash. In some news reports and emergencies, in order to seize the time, automatic exposure is generally used.

2. Shutter priority

Shutter priority is to automatically obtain the aperture value through camera photometry when the shutter speed is defined manually. When shooting moving objects, we often find that the subject is blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough. In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot. When the shutter speed is lower than 1/60 seconds, it is recommended to use a tripod to shoot, so as not to affect the photo clarity due to hand jitter. The faster the shutter, the less light enters; The slower the shutter, the greater the amount of light. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting. High-speed shutter can be used to solidify the instantaneous state of the object, while slow shutter can realize the blurring of the moving object.

3, aperture priority

Aperture priority means that the photographer first chooses the aperture needed for shooting, and then the camera determines the required shutter speed according to the light conditions on the spot. The larger the aperture, the greater the amount of light entering, the more obvious the effect of background blur, and the more prominent the subject is; The smaller the aperture, the smaller the amount of transmitted light and the greater the depth of field before and after focusing. Generally speaking, macro photography often uses a larger aperture to achieve the purpose and effect of blurring the messy background. In order to get clear and detailed images before and after landscape shooting, small apertures are often used for shooting. Large aperture is suitable for macro shooting, and small aperture is suitable for landscape shooting.

4. Manual exposure mode

Manual exposure mode is completely determined by the user to shoot the aperture and shutter speed required. Users can set the aperture and shutter speed according to their artistic creation intention and expected shooting effect, which provides users with great freedom. When the setting exceeds the sensitivity, the camera will prompt you by sound or flash. For inexperienced novices, manual exposure mode is difficult and the operation is slightly complicated, so it is difficult to capture fleeting scenes.

5, exposure compensation adjustment

In Gao Fancha, where the light is complex and the contrast is strong, it is sometimes difficult to give consideration to the overall situation by using automatic exposure or shutter and aperture priority mode, and it is impossible to highlight the theme and achieve the expected effect. At this time, the photographer needs to manually adjust the exposure parameters corresponding to the equipment, that is, expose value, which is also commonly known as EV. For beginners, exposure compensation is generally used for still life and scene shooting. This situation is suitable for leisurely adjusting parameters and taking photos of different compensation schemes for selection. However, in the contrast picture, it is difficult to give full consideration to exposure compensation, and it is easy to lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another.

Generally, exposure compensation is used in automatic or semi-automatic exposure mode. If it is a full manual exposure mode, exposure compensation is rarely used, because the amount of light entering can be changed by adjusting the shutter and aperture.

Fourth, reasonable exposure, understand the histogram.

Histogram is a tool to determine the exposure accuracy of photos through the waveform parameters displayed on LCD. Nowadays, many digital cameras can see the real-time histogram when taking a view, so that we can clearly judge the exposure of the photos taken or being taken.

The horizontal axis of the histogram represents the number of pixels in the photo from black (dark part) to white (light part) from left to right. Let's look at two examples:

The ripple on the histogram is displayed on the left, indicating that the whole picture is dark and may be underexposed.

Ripples run through the horizontal axis without peaks, and the light and dark ends overflow, which may cause serious loss of light and dark details in photos.

Fifth, make good use of white balance.

Many people may feel the same way: what looks white in normal light may not look white in dark light, and it may not look white in some special light sources (such as fluorescent lamps).

Generally speaking, CCD can't automatically correct the change of light like human eyes, and can only use the default "white" to balance the tones of other colors under colored light on different occasions. If the digital photo has a color cast, it is because the white balance is not adjusted correctly. There are many modes of white balance, which are suitable for shooting different scenes, such as automatic white balance, tungsten wire white balance, fluorescent white balance, indoor white balance and manual white balance.

Automatic white balance is usually the default setting for digital cameras. When the light is close to normal, this automatic white balance has high accuracy. It can be used for outdoor shooting, but the shooting effect is poor under colored light. In addition, it can't correct diffuse light in the atmosphere. On cloudy days, many automatic white balance systems are not effective, which may lead to blue photos.

The white balance of tungsten lamp is the white balance under the light of bulb (incandescent lamp), which is easy to understand; The balance of fluorescent white is the most difficult to deal with, because there are many kinds of fluorescent lamps (such as suppressed white and warm white), which need to be decided by shooting; Indoor white balance is also called cloudy to cloudy white balance, which is suitable for adjusting dark light to primary color state. Manual white balance is set to sample white (such as white paper) according to the shooting scene. In theory, manual white balance is the most accurate unless the white used for sampling is not white enough.

In some cases, color cast is also a very strange effect. I don't believe that you can try the daylight effect when shooting at night. Actually, it's beautiful, too. Of course, it is best for beginners to enter gradually, but they don't have to worry too much about white balance. In most cases, PS color balance can be used to correct the color cast.

Six, side light shooting skills

Side light refers to the light coming from the side of the photographed object, which can make the surface of the photographed object show some shadows due to unevenness, so that the light receiving surface and the light and dark surface of the object have obvious performance, which can not only outline the outline of the photographed object, but also reflect the three-dimensional sense. This kind of light is the most expressive, so side light is the most commonly used light when taking pictures. However, when using it, we should pay attention to the proportion of light-receiving surface and dark surface in the picture modeling. Usually, the angle of oblique light is the best. When the direction of light forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the plane of the scene, the light of this angle makes the ratio of the light receiving surface to the dark surface of the object roughly equal, which is more in line with people's visual habits in daily life.

Side light will cast shadows on objects, which will enhance the three-dimensional sense.

Seven, backlight shooting skills

Backlight refers to the light that shines from the back of the subject. Backlight photography is easy to make the subject become a silhouette, so it is relatively difficult to grasp the exposure. Backlight photography is often not recommended for beginners. But the artistic effect of backlight is also unique-backlight can set a moving silhouette light edge on the outer edge of the subject (if it is sunlight, it is Phnom Penh). If handled properly, it can create a unique aesthetic feeling and shoot artistic light and shadow.

It should be noted that the light ratio between foreground and background is too large, which often leads to overexposure or underexposure of background. In order to reduce the light ratio, you must pay attention to fill the foreground with light, you can use a reflector or a flash-if you see someone who uses a flash when shooting at the sun, you should fully respect him, because that is an expert who is narrowing the light ratio between the foreground and the background.

Backlit portraits will illuminate the outline of the characters, but pay attention to the front fill light to avoid underexposure.

Eight, photo composition skills

A good photo, in addition to making good use of light, the structure of the frame is also very important. And this frame is the composition of the photo. In fact, the composition of photographic photos does not need to be too limited to a certain frame, mainly to play their own imagination. But for some inexperienced novices, it is still difficult to achieve this right away, so I will introduce some basic rules of photo composition to you now. However, it should be noted that the rules are not always fixed. Although there are some key points that should be followed in photographic composition, this is only to avoid some typical disadvantages.

1. Several composition methods

Composition is mainly divided into the following ways:

(1) well-shaped composition

This composition assumes that the length and width of the picture are divided into three equal parts, and the intersection points are connected in a "well" shape with straight lines. The main body is not in the center of the picture, but at the intersection of the vertical line and the horizontal line that make up the tic-tac-toe game. The whole picture is solemn and informal, and the main image is particularly eye-catching

(2) regular triangle composition

Triangle has always been a stable form in composition. The application of regular triangle composition not only gives people a strong and calm feeling in the picture, but also has a good contrast effect in expressiveness. Regular triangle composition can be said to be one of the most suitable forms for pictures that need to express a certain atmosphere.

(3) the composition of the inverted triangle

Contrary to the stationarity of regular triangle composition, inverted triangle composition has dynamic vitality. Give people a bright and dynamic feeling. However, it should be noted that when composing a composition, we must pay attention to its left and right sides, and it is best to make some different changes or contrasts, so as to break the absolute balance between the two sides and make the picture more vivid.

(4) oblique triangle composition

Oblique triangle is a composition method between regular triangle and inverted triangle, and its expressive force is also between regular triangle and inverted triangle, which can make the contrast between main body and auxiliary background more vivid and belongs to a common composition method.

(5) Vertical composition

Vertical composition is mainly used to shoot mountains, buildings, waterfalls and other scenery. Its whole picture is mainly composed of vertical lines, which can make the subject look lofty and imposing.

(6) Diagonal composition

Diagonal composition can express the dynamic sense of object movement and make the picture dynamic. The degree of its movement is related to the angle. The greater the angle, the stronger its forward movement, but the angle should not be greater than 45 degrees, otherwise it will have a downward feeling.

(7) Horizontal composition

Using this composition can often give people a feeling of calm and comfort. When it is used to represent natural scenery, it can make the scenery look vast. The scenery in the horizontal composition photo appears quiet and steady, highlighting a sense of calm.

(8) Bending and patterning

Compared with other composition methods, curve composition has the most beautiful lines and the strongest appeal. Bending composition can render the subject and make it more beautiful and moving.

(9) Progressive composition

Gradient composition is mainly used in scenes such as roads, and it shows stronger visual effects by using gradient and excessive methods. Progressive composition is often guided by winding paths, which produces good visual effects.

2. Writing skills

After reading so many composition methods, we still have to adopt different compositions according to different environments to achieve the best results. And when using different composition methods, you also need to use skills. Next, I'll introduce you to the techniques often used in composition.

(1) horizon and trigonometry technology

Horizon and trisection are often used in combination with well-shaped composition. In landscape photos, try to put the horizon on one of the two horizontal lines in the well-shaped composition, so as to create a harmonious composition. Also be careful not to put the horizon in the middle of the picture, because it will split the picture in two. If the sky is particularly charming, give it most pictures. If not, move the horizon to the top to avoid the dreary sky taking up more pictures.

(2) the subject's position skills

How to place the position of the subject is also an important skill in shooting. Try to move the subject to one side of the picture with an interesting background, and the composition will be greatly improved. Using the background, such as standing or leaning against an interesting object, can highlight the subject more.

(3) background and prospect selection skills

Although the subject is very important, the background and foreground must be taken into account when shooting, so that the subject and background objects can be coordinated. If the background is complex, you can adjust the aperture to reduce the depth of field to blur the background or change the shooting angle to change the background. Also pay attention to avoid tall objects behind the subject, such as trees and lampposts.

(4) boundary selection skills

When shooting, we can also use foreground objects to frame the subject, such as branches, arches, beautifully decorated railings, court doors, etc., which can make the subject more prominent. In this shooting technique, it should be noted that the depth of field should be reduced as much as possible to make the subject stand out and attract more attention.

(5) Look at pictures skills

Photos, like articles, need an introduction to attract readers, and in shooting, we can take advantage of this for a long time and slowly lead readers' eyes to the subject at the top of the picture in a winding way. This is a very clever skill of reading pictures and composing pictures. In addition, the diagonal money on the screen will also guide the reader's line of sight, and a winding coastline or a river flowing through a canyon will become a guide.

(6) Special pattern structure skills

If you pay attention to the inspection, you will find some special patterns and structures everywhere. By using the pattern structure in everyday objects, you can create interesting photos. This is something that needs attention in life.

(7) Complement skills

For some kinds of photography, a very useful composition method is to make the subject fill the picture, remove the background that will distract attention and directly highlight the subject. This technology is usually used for product display. In addition, if you want to shoot a still life, there is no need to show other objects in the picture. You can get close to the subject and let the wave subject fill the whole picture.

Photography skills/techniques

Nine, photography composition novice penetration door

When a well-trained photographer observes the scenery in the viewfinder, he will quickly turn them into basic composition elements such as points, lines and surfaces to organize them and find the best relationship between them. This is composition. Let's look at a few examples first:

The small bamboo raft in the picture is not more important than other scenery, but without it, this photo will be eclipsed a lot because it is the center of the structure.

The dividing line between the sea and the beach and the point formed by the girl's back are all near the golden section. Suppose the proportion of the sea and the beach is equal, the girl walks in the middle, and the composition is very sluggish.

If the model's eyes are in the middle or right of the picture, it will shorten the staring space of the characters.

1, prioritize and highlight the main body.

Of course, it goes without saying that people are the main body, and the beautiful background is also a foil. However, some people tend to look at the characters very small in photography (the main reason is that people run to the front of the scene and stay away from the camera, which is a common problem of most people's photography), but the scene is very large and there is no distinction between the foreground and the background, which means that the photo loses its structural center. For landscape films that are less prone to "subject", if the picture structure is not loose, we should choose an object as the fulcrum of the structure, such as a small bridge and a pavilion as the center of the structure, so that we can contact and take care of the scenery before and after. The "subject" in the scenery film is not necessarily more important than other scenery in content, but its role in the structural center is very obvious.

2, the background is simple, subtraction composition

Complex background will interfere with the subject and even damage an excellent photo. The background should be handled concisely. Both painting and photography need composition, but the means of expression are different. The difference is that painting is composed by addition and photography is composed by subtraction. That is to say, painting composition always adds some scenery to the picture, and photography composition always tries every means to subtract those unnecessary scenery and the unnecessary scenery in the background, which hinders the main body from protruding, so as to achieve the simplicity and exquisiteness of the picture. Greed is the source of failure, and simplification is the mother of success.

3, tic-tac-toe structure, golden section

If the picture is divided into "nine squares", then the four intersections in the middle are the best places to arrange the main body. The positions of these four points are close to the golden section point 1: 0.6 18, so it is easy to obtain better visual effects. Because people look at objects with two eyes, the middle position is the area with the weakest vision, so most photographers will not use the middle composition when dealing with lines such as horizon and sea level, and focus will generally avoid the middle position.

Besides the four points, there are two important "lines"-diagonal lines. There are many visual feelings, such as convergence and radiation, which are related to the diagonal hidden in the picture, so composition along the diagonal is also a very important composition method.

A truly professional booth or studio will use a plain background to highlight the main body and avoid the "growth" of branches, telephone poles and other sundries from the characters. Outdoor photography also follows the principle of "plain and clean" background.

4. Leave blank and enhance the dynamics.

To make the subject eye-catching and have visual impact, it is necessary to leave a certain gap around, which can be said to be a law of all plastic arts. The general rule of blank space is: the portrait on the side should leave some blank space facing the direction; For moving objects (such as people or cars), there should be more gaps in front of the penetration direction. Of course, this is just a general rule, so we should use the blank flexibly. If pedestrians emphasize the turban or dress fluttering behind and the smoke rising behind Mercedes-Benz cars, more space can be left behind than in front, because the center of gravity has changed. If people who resist the edge of the picture look back and forth, the blank behind will have meaning and the picture will not be embarrassed.