Basic knowledge of engineering survey.

With the development of science and technology, the level of urban engineering survey technology is gradually improving, especially in recent years, people of all ethnic groups in China have carried out a large number of urban construction projects, which has greatly promoted the development of engineering survey technology. The author of this paper will analyze the development of urban engineering survey technology based on his many years of work experience.

Engineering survey; Technology; develop

introduce

Urban engineering survey is the statistical work of relevant data and materials before the implementation of urban construction projects. At present, urban engineering survey has been widely used in urban construction, geology, railway, transportation, energy, aerospace and other engineering projects, which has played a positive role in promoting urban construction and social development in China. In the following, the author will mainly talk about the development status and future trend of urban engineering survey technology in combination with relevant knowledge.

1, development of engineering survey technology

1. 1 The development level of ground surveying instruments has greatly affected the automation process of engineering surveying. With the application of high technology in ground measuring instruments in recent years, the updating speed of ground measuring instruments has obviously accelerated. At present, most ground measuring instruments have automatic tracking and continuous display functions, which not only get rid of the constraints of prisms, but also greatly improve the measurement accuracy. At present, the latest development of ground measuring instruments is mainly manifested in: it can not only automatically reduce and store data, but also correct various measuring deviations, such as shafting difference and eccentricity difference. In addition, researchers are currently developing new measuring instruments to automatically level the geometric level.

1.2 map digitization technology The so-called map digitization is to display the measured data and information in the form of data storage in the city map, which not only realizes the positioning and tracking of map graphic elements, but also constructs a simulated data structure based on this, which greatly facilitates the development of various urban construction projects. At present, digital map technology has realized the dual input mode of manual coding and program replacement, and can flexibly complete the functions of storing, converting, displaying and editing all kinds of data and information under the control of computer system. The biggest advantage of this technology is to shorten the cycle of map drawing and improve the true reliability of data.

1.3GPS satellite positioning system GPS satellite positioning system is the most advanced and widely used three-dimensional measurement system in the world. Since its development in 1980s, it has been widely used in various fields, which can not only realize global positioning measurement, but also play a good navigation role.

RTK technology, as the most widely used and the most accurate real-time dynamic positioning measurement technology, has become the first choice of engineering measurement technology. It breaks the limitations of traditional static positioning measurement technology, and can not only be used in various field measurements, but also greatly improve the measurement accuracy. However, in practical application, the application of RTK technology has certain limitations, such as being easily disturbed by external objective environment, so attention should be paid to eliminating all kinds of interference factors during measurement. At present, this technology is mainly used in real estate mapping, digital mapping and building lofting.

1.4GIS technology GIS, as a geographic remote sensing mapping technology, has been widely used in the collection, storage, management and analysis of various geographic information. It not only has a very important guiding significance for environmental and ecological engineering, but also provides rich and accurate data and information for the development of activities such as geology and mineral resources, agriculture, forestry and water conservancy, meteorology and ocean, and environmental monitoring.

1.5RS technology RS technology is a remote sensing technology, which refers to a modern comprehensive technology that receives electromagnetic wave information of various ground objects on the earth's surface from high altitude or outer space, scans, photographs, transmits and processes the information, so as to remotely control, measure and identify various ground objects and phenomena. Remote sensing technology has been rapidly popularized because of its advantages of large-scale synchronous observation, timeliness, comprehensiveness, comparability and economy of data. At present, it has been applied to land water resources survey, land resources survey, vegetation resources survey, geological survey, urban remote sensing survey, marine resources survey, surveying and mapping, archaeological survey, environmental monitoring, planning and management, etc.

1.6 Three-dimensional industrial surveying technology The development of urban construction projects cannot be separated from all kinds of surveying work, and it is necessary to rely on remote sensing surveying and RTK surveying technology to realize the positioning and surveying of geographic information and coordinates. However, other industrial production fields also need advanced measurement technology to judge the construction quality of the project. Three-dimensional industrial measurement technology is an efficient and high-precision quality inspection technology. It takes electronic theodolite or close-range camera as sensor and forms a three-dimensional measurement system with the support of electronic computer. It can complete the whole measurement process in an instant, measure and photograph the dynamic target for many times, and produce multiple observation values, with reliable accuracy, which greatly exceeds the level of surveying and mapping achieved by traditional optical and mechanical methods.

2. Development trend of engineering survey technology

2. 1 development dimension and scope We have seen the technological innovation of engineering survey, from one-dimensional development to four-dimensional, from static development to dynamic development, and the measurement range has also developed from high altitude to the ground and from underground to underwater.

2.2 The expansion of application technology, high-precision real-time dynamic GPS positioning and brand-new RTK positioning methods have brought great changes to surveying engineering-VIES virtual reference station. It integrates the emerging computer network management technology, breakthrough GPS system and RTK technology, and does not need to establish a reference station, thus saving the purchasing cost of the receiver and having very high application efficiency. It can make all surveying and mapping work in the same area become an organic whole, provide reliable surveying and mapping technical support for various large-scale and precision projects, and better complete various engineering survey tasks.

2.3 Media and related system media mainly refer to a form of replacing manual observation with other technologies in engineering survey. With the development of high technology, artificial intelligence technology is gradually introduced into various sensor integrated systems to replace manual processing of various data. In all kinds of large-scale engineering construction, the development of engineering survey will be combined with information systems, such as geodesy, geophysics, engineering and hydrogeology, civil buildings, etc., to form a huge engineering survey and construction application system to solve various problems such as safety monitoring, engineering monitoring and environmental protection.

2.43S integration technology The combination of 3S(GPS, GIS, RS) technology is a development trend of engineering survey technology, which is due to the need to learn from each other. In the case of the combination of the three, GPS and RS provide regional information and spatial positioning information for GIS, and GIS conducts corresponding spatial analysis to extract useful information from the massive data provided by GPS and RS, making it a scientific decision-making basis. Therefore, 3S integration technology is a comprehensive framework for the optimization and adaptation of engineering survey functions, which will provide the most effective data and information collection and analysis results for all kinds of projects, especially large-scale projects, and it is an integration technology worthy of attention in the future development of engineering survey.

3. Conclusion

To sum up, urban engineering survey technology has made remarkable development achievements in recent years, but with the continuous improvement of people's requirements for urban construction, these technologies will be constantly updated and improved in the application process. This paper briefly introduces the development status and future development direction of several urban engineering survey technologies, hoping to contribute to the development of urban survey technologies in China.

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