How to identify sandalwood, its habits, and whether it is suitable for planting in Ganzhou, Jiangxi?

Growth Habits and Seedling Raising Techniques of Sandalwood 1

Sandalwood grows faster in seedling and middle stage, but slower in adult and old age. Generally, it begins to blossom and bear fruit after 3 years of planting, with April-65438+February as the flowering period and July-September as the full flowering period. It usually bears fruit in 10 day after flowering, with a long fruit period, and the maturity of sandalwood fruit is 8- 1 1 month.

Collect large, full and purplish red fruits, remove the pulp and wash the seeds; Seeds should be picked and sown at high time (10- 1 1 month). Sandalwood seeds are dormant. Soak in 50- 100 mg/L gibberellin for 24 hours before germination to break dormancy and promote seed germination. About 2800-3000 seeds per catty, and the seed emergence rate can reach 70%. You can drill holes or sow seeds in the sand bed. After sowing, cover 0 ~ 5- 1 cm wet sand layer and spray water properly, not too much. The management of weeding, loosening soil and topdressing should be strengthened at the seedling stage of sandalwood to prevent water accumulation. The dead host should be replanted in time, and the overgrowth of the host should be pruned to avoid affecting the growth of sandalwood.

2. Cultivation and management of sandalwood

① Selection of afforestation site: annual average temperature > 265,438+0℃, Leng Yue average temperature > 65,438+03℃, extreme low temperature > -4℃ and no heavy frost; Red loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, loose and breathable, rich in nutrients such as iron, phosphorus and potassium, and ph value between 5 and 6; The mountainous area with sunny terrain, open ups and downs and a certain slope is preferred. Yellow soil and sandy land can also be planted. It is not suitable for planting in swamps with excessive soil and poor drainage, and in coarse sandy soil with high groundwater level. Sandalwood root system is the most taboo for water accumulation, and it is not suitable for planting where the groundwater level is within 1m or where water accumulates in rainy season.

(2) Planting specification: Prepare the soil in winter one year before afforestation, so that the soil can be fully weathered and some pests can be eliminated. Hole planting: the plant spacing is 4m×4m, 4m×3m or 3m×3m, and the hole size is 60cm×60cm×50cm. Each hole is applied with 50kg- 100kg of burnt soil or fully decomposed organic miscellaneous fertilizer (about 3kg of farm manure, 0﹒5kg of calcium superphosphate and 150g of Norwegian compound fertilizer). When planting, apply a small amount of chemical fertilizer (carbofuran 50g- 100g/ hole) to control underground pests; Fertilize 2-3 times a year, and apply quick-acting fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, urea or Norwegian compound fertilizer in spring and summer; Apply organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate in autumn and winter.

③ Planting method and season: before and after planting, shrubs or perennial herbs are planted around holes, and arbor host plants are planted between two holes; Plant sandalwood seedlings together with the host soil into the hole (as long as the soil is kept intact and the survival rate is high), compact the soil and water the roots. If there is no host or there are not enough hosts, replanting should be done in time. Sandalwood container seedlings can be planted in other seasons except low temperature and dry season, with rainy season (March and April) as the best, and June at the latest, and rainy day as the best choice.

④ Selection and configuration of host plants: select plants, shrubs and trees with strong adaptability, nitrogen fixation function, shallow and developed roots, strong germination and pruning resistance. The allocation of host plants should be considered from the above-ground space and the development of underground roots to create an ecological environment suitable for sandalwood growth. The host plants of sandalwood can be divided into long plants and short plants, and the long plants are mainly medicinal plants such as sappan wood, Ligustrum lucidum and Callicarpa macrophylla. Fruit plants, such as longan, wampee and fig; Economic tree species include Acacia formosana, Acacia mangium and Casuarina equisetifolia. In the short term, shrubs and herbs are mainly used, such as bluegrass, Artemisia annua, Tephrosia vogelii, Miaoxu grass and so on. In order to make full use of land resources, economic benefits should be fully considered when selecting host plants, such as intercropping fruit trees (such as longan), high-quality wood (such as mahogany) and Chinese herbal medicines (such as Rauvolfia and nux vomica). Joe, shrub and herb hosts are arranged around each sandalwood plant. Sandalwood has a wide range of hosts and can be selected according to the actual situation.

⑤ Tending management

(1) Weeding and loosening the soil and fertilizing: after planting sandalwood, weeding and loosening the soil 2-3 times a year. Rational fertilization, fertile soil, lush growth of host plants, can be less fertilization or no fertilization; The soil is thin, and the host can be properly fertilized if it is not growing well. Apply water and fertilizer in dry season, and apply chemical fertilizer in shallow ditch after rain in rainy season.

⑵ Pruning and shaping: Sandalwood seedlings need shading, but too much shading will affect their growth and be prone to pests and diseases. Host plants should be pruned in time to make the forest ventilated and transparent. Sandalwood has a strong ability to separate boards. During the growth period, the lateral branches should be trimmed properly to make the trunk straight and thick, improve the heartwood yield and resist wind damage.

⑥ pest control

Seedling blight: mainly caused by the infection of Rhizoctonia solani. Seedling invasion mostly occurs in summer, when the soil drainage is poor. Spraying with 0 ~ 25 ~ 0.5% Bordeaux solution or watering with 1%-2% lime water before onset; When the disease occurs, topaz wettable powder is sprayed to kill it.

Root rot: it is a common disease, which occurs in seedlings, young trees and big trees. At the initial stage of the disease, 500-800 times of 5% wettable powder, 800- 1000 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl, or 500 times of 70% dixone powder can be sprayed for prevention and treatment.

Sandalwood butterfly: Also known as zebra worm, it feeds on leaves with larvae. It can kill larvae, eggs and pupae artificially. Spraying with 800 times solution of 90% trichlorfon grassland medicine or 80% diclofenac EC 1000- 1500 times solution to kill.

Elephant weevil: Adults bite the tender branches of sandalwood leaves, resulting in dry branches and death. It can kill or spray 50% methamidophos 800 times by hand.

In addition, there are red spiders, inchworm, two-line poisonous moth, leaf curl moth, white elephant moth, locust, Babylonia, mole cricket, scarab, black cutworm and other pests.