Development course of underwater robot

The first stage, from 1953 to 1974, mainly focused on the research and early development of submersible. More than 20 submersibles have been developed. Among them, the CURV system in the United States successfully recovered a hydrogen bomb in the Spanish Sea, which attracted the attention of all countries in the world.

1953, the first unmanned remote-controlled submersible came out. In the 20 years since 1974, 20 unmanned remotely operated submersibles have been developed all over the world. Especially after 1974, due to the rapid development of offshore oil and gas industry, unmanned remote control submersible has also developed rapidly.

In 1980s, the development of unmanned cable submersible entered a period of rapid development. The period from 1975 to 1985 is the great development period of ROV. By 198 1, there are more than 400 unmanned remotely operated submersibles, of which more than 90% are direct. Or indirectly serve the offshore oil exploration industry. The development of offshore oil and natural gas has promoted the research on the theory and application of submersible, and the number and types of submersible have increased significantly. Manned submersibles and unmanned remote control submersibles (including wired remote control submersibles, underwater crawling submersibles, towed submersibles and cableless submersibles) have played a great role in marine investigation, offshore oil development and salvage.

From 65438 to 0985, submersible entered a new development period. Since 1980s, China has also carried out the research and development of underwater robots, and developed the "Hairen" 1 (HR- 1) underwater robot, and successfully carried out underwater experiments. 1988 The number of unmanned remotely operated submersibles has developed by leaps and bounds, increasing to 958, an increase of 1 10% compared with 198 1 year. Most of the submersibles added in this period are cable remote-controlled submersibles, about 800, of which more than 420 are directly used for gas opening of offshore storage tanks. The development of unmanned cableless submersible is relatively slow, only 26 ships have been developed, including 8 industrial instruments, and the rest are used for military and scientific research. In addition, manned and unmanned reasonable submersibles have also been developed during this period, and 32 have been developed, of which 28 are used for industrial services.

1980, the French National Center for Ocean Development built the unmanned cableless submersible "Black Whale" with a maximum diving depth of 6000m. The submersible "Nylon Whale" has carried out 130 deep diving operations successively, and completed major tasks such as manganese nodule investigation in the Pacific Ocean, submarine canyon investigation, submarine cable accident investigation in the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and mid-ocean ridge investigation. 1987, the French National Center for Sea Bomb Development cooperated with another company to build the "Errett" acoustic remote-controlled submersible. It is used for complex operations such as underwater drilling rig inspection, equipment installation of submarine oil drilling rig, auxiliary installation of tubing, anchor cable reinforcement, etc. This kind of acoustic remote control submersible is much smarter than killer whales.

1987, Japan marine science and technology center successfully researched the deep-sea unmanned remote-controlled submersible "Yu Hai 3K", which can dive 3,300 meters. The purpose of developing "Ocean 3K" is to investigate the scheduled diving spots before manned diving, which is specially designed for deep-sea research. At the same time, Haiyang can also be used for submarine rescue. "Ocean 3K" belongs to cable submersible. There are two sets of power devices in front and back, up and down, left and right directions, which can basically meet the needs of collecting samples in the deep sea. 1988, the technical center built a 10,000-meter unmanned remote-controlled submersible to meet the needs of the "Deep Sea 6500" manned submersible for deep-sea investigation. This submersible is controlled by the mother ship and can conduct deep-sea investigation for a long time. This submersible is expected to be built in 1992 with a total investment of 4 billion yen. Japan attaches great importance to the development of unmanned cable submersible, which includes not only research projects, but also large-scale long-term plans.

From 65438 to 0988, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense cooperated with a research institute and invested 23.6 million US dollars to develop two unmanned cableless submersibles.

1990 unmanned cableless submersible was successfully developed and named UUV. This submersible weighs 6.8 tons and has excellent performance. The maximum speed is 10 knots, which can be accelerated from 0 to 10 knots within 44 seconds. When the speed is greater than 3 knots, the navigation depth is controlled at 1 m, and the navigation accuracy is about 0.2 knots/hour. The submersible is powered by silver-zinc batteries. These technical conditions are conducive to high-level deep-sea research. In addition, the United States and Canada will cooperate to develop an unmanned cableless submersible that can cross the Arctic ice.

In 2009, China's underwater robot made its first survey under the ice of the Arctic Ocean. Ocean No.1 voyage No.2/KLOC-0 has just started the third leg inspection. For the first time, Haiyang No.1 used the underwater robot Hailong No.2 to observe a rare huge black chimney in the black chimney area of the Bird's Nest in the East Pacific, and accurately captured about 7 kilograms of sulfide samples from the nozzle of the black chimney with a manipulator. This discovery marks that China has become one of the few countries in the world that can use underwater robots to carry out hydrothermal investigation and sampling research in the mid-ocean ridge. Relying on the precise dynamic positioning of Dayang-1, Hailong-2, an underwater robot independently developed by China, landed at the bottom of the black chimney area of the Bird's Nest accurately, and carried out camera observation and hydrothermal environment parameter measurement.

20 12, 10 In June, China's first intelligent underwater robot with the concept of "functional module" came out. A five-person team from the School of Ship Engineering of Harbin Engineering University, led by the tutor Zhang Tiedong and relying on the National Defense Key Laboratory of Underwater Robots, independently designed the first "multifunctional intelligent underwater robot" in China for one year, and applied the concept of "functional module" to the field of underwater robots for the first time. This kind of robot can choose different modules for "core replacement" and transformation at any time as needed, and can cope with all kinds of complex underwater operations.

This robot won the first "National Seaplane Design and Manufacturing Competition" special prize for physical production. The permanent magnet planar magnetic drive propeller, permanent magnet planar magnetic drive manipulator and improved watertight connector independently developed and applied in this project are all the first in China and have important promotion value.

In 20 12, Japan is implementing a large-scale plan including the development of advanced unmanned remote control submersible. This unmanned cable submarine system should make new breakthroughs in remote control, acoustic imaging, underwater telemetry omni-directional propeller, seawater transmission system, ceramic application technology, underwater navigation and positioning and control. The direct goal of this work is to effectively serve the oil and gas exploration industry with a water depth of less than 200 meters and completely replace the dangerous underwater operations completed by divers.

In the aspect of unmanned cable submarine technology, it has always maintained the obvious advantages of advanced development. According to the Eureka plan in Europe, Britain and Italy will jointly develop unmanned remotely operated submersibles. The submersible has excellent performance, which can work continuously for 250 hours in 6000m water depth, far better than the submersible that can only work continuously for 12h in 4000m water depth. According to the plan of Eureka EU- 19 1, two unmanned remote-controlled submersibles will be built, one of which is a cabled submersible, which is mainly used for underwater inspection and maintenance. The other is unmanned cableless submersible, which is mainly used for underwater investigation. This diving project will be planned by Britain; 17 institutions from Italy, Denmark and other countries attended the meeting. The cable submersible "Little Jason" developed by British scientists has its unique technical characteristics. It is controlled by computer and communicates with the mother ship through optical fiber. The mother ship is equipped with four special computers, which are used to process the data obtained by underwater cameras, monitor the environmental changes of sea bombs, the environmental changes of the sea surface and other related technical data transmitted by submersibles. The hive ship will send all the information it gets. After sorting, it was sent to the laboratory of Pacific Grove Institute in California by microwave and stored in the database.

On March 201May 19, the first multi-functional deepwater engineering ship "Haiyang Youshi 286" independently built by China was tested for deepwater equipment. This is the first time that an underwater robot has been used to insert the five-star red flag into the seabed nearly 3000 meters deep. This is the first time that China has used an underwater robot to insert a five-star red flag into the South China Sea at a depth of nearly 3,000m.