Who can talk about the lives of the following people?

1. Nalan Xingde (1655- 1685): Formerly known as Chengde, Rong Ruo,No. Lengjiashan, a native of Zhenghuangqi, Manchuria, was a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty.

Nalan Xingde is the eldest son of Pearl, a college student in Wuyingdian. Young, smart, all-round in civil and military affairs. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), he was twenty-two years old, ranked seventh in palace examination, and was given a Jinshi background. Give a third-class bodyguard, and then follow, the military attache is the doctrine.

He married Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, gave gifts to Shu people, and later married a wife. After three years of marriage, his wife died. He married an official and gave a gift to Shu people. His concubine Yanshi, who was later a talented woman in the south of the Yangtze River, wrote "Choose Dreams". Nalan Xingde died at the age of 3/kloc-0 and was buried in Zaoshitun, west of Beijing. There are three sons and four daughters.

Most of Nalan Xingde's friends in his life are Han literati in cloth, such as Zhu Yizun, Gu Zhenguan, Jiang, Yan and so on. His residence in Lushuige was often an elegant gathering place for him and his friends, which virtually netted a group of Han intellectuals for the Qing government in the prosperous period of Kangxi.

Although Nalan Xingde's life is short, his works are quite abundant: 20 volumes of Tong Ji (including Fu 1 volume, 4 volumes of Poems, 3 volumes of Preface, 2 volumes of Wen, and 4 volumes of Miscellaneous Knowledge of Lushui Pavilion) and Brief; Set "Yi Ji Yan" 80 volumes, "Chen Liji" 38 volumes; Edited and selected books such as Early Collection of Modern Style Words, Notes of Famous Jueju Poems, Selected Works of All Tang Poems, etc. And these are mostly done after his pommel horse retinue, and the brushwork is amazing.

The main achievement of Nalan Xingde lies in Ci. There are 349 existing words, which are published as "drinking water collection in the side hat", later called Nalan words. The style is fresh and beautiful, sad and stubborn, and there is a legacy of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Wang Guowei commented: "Since the Northern Song Dynasty, there was only one person."

The Nalan family can be traced back to Yehe Department of Nuzhen in Haixi before entering the customs. Belle Jintai Stone, the leader of the Ministry, was trapped and died in the war against Nuerhachi's unification of the northeast Jurchen.

Niyahan, Nalan's grandfather, moved to Jianzhou with Yehe Department and was assisted. In the process of Manchuria's entry into the customs, Lu Niu Zhang Jing (riding captain) appointed Jigong. Niya Han's wife, Murch, has her eldest son Zheng Ku and her second son Pearl.

Na Lanmingzhu was born on the 10th day of October in the ninth year of Tiancong (1635, 1 19). He was a bodyguard in his early years. Wei Zhiyi was transferred to the position of Minister of the Interior, Director-General, Bachelor of Hong Wen Academy, Minister of Punishment, Minister of War and University of Wuyingdian. People respectfully call it "Guo Xiang". He lived in the cabinet for thirteen years, "taking charge of the world's politics", and played an active role in major events such as discussing the withdrawal of San Francisco, unifying Taiwan Province Province and resisting foreign enemies. At the same time, as a feudal power minister, he also took advantage of the emperor's favor, monopolized state affairs, took bribes for money, sold officials and titles, and was disintegrated. In the internal struggle of the feudal ruling group, he experienced ups and downs. Pearl's wife, Juerosh, is the twelfth son of Nurhachi and the fifth daughter of Prince Aki of England. There are three sons: the eldest son Nalan Xingde, the second son Nalan Paixu, and the third son Nalan Paifang.

Nalan Shouxu, the second son of Mingzhu, was originally an agreement and bodyguard, and was later read by imperial academy. He was awarded a bachelor's degree and served as assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, moved to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, moved to the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, and moved to the left capital of Douchayuan, still in charge of imperial academy affairs. He wrote Yi Ji, Ji Li Ji and so on. Because the problem of establishing warehouse angered Kangxi, he was accused of spreading the truth by mistake. It was not until the Yongzheng dynasty that his reputation was further degraded, and it was not until the Qianlong period that he was restored. Geng Shi is the daughter of Geng Juzhong. Geng Juzhong was the third brother of Geng, one of the "San Francisco" in the early Qing Dynasty. The third son of Geng Jimao, king of Jingnan. Geng Juzhong married the daughter of King Yue Le of An Jun and Princess Shuoroujia, and gave birth to Geng Shi. Because of this relationship, Geng Shi went in and out of the palace, and was called Gege from top to bottom. Geng Juzhong was loyal to the Qing Dynasty, but did not follow the "San Francisco Rebellion" and was named Prince of Taibao.

Nalan Paifang is the third son of Mingzhu. His wife is the great-grandson of Daishan, the prince of propriety, and the eighth daughter of Shu Jie, the prince of Shuokang, who is the monarch. As an attached horse, Fang enjoys the same courtesy as Qi Huangong. The couple died one after another, leaving two sons: Zhao An and Yuan Pu. Later, Kangxi ordered the couple to adopt and changed their names to Yongshou and Yongfu.

At the age of sixteen, Nalan Yongshou was appointed as deputy commander of Manchuria, assistant minister of rites and assistant minister of Ministry of War. Yongshou married the deputy commander of the Han army in Zhenghuangqi, including the daughter of Taigong, and gave birth to four daughters, one of whom later became a hero Shu Fei.

Nalan Yongfu married Sangege, the daughter of Huang Jiuzi Yunchan, and served as the general manager of the internal affairs office. Because of blood relationship with Zhang Yue's ninth son, he successively supported Yunxi and Yunchan in seeking the throne, and held a grudge against Yin Zhen, the fourth son, and became the political enemy of Yongzheng, who hated him and was dismissed. Later, he served as assistant minister of Shengjing household department until four years of Qianlong.

Nalan Zhandai is the grandson of Nalan Xingde. He was the deputy governor of Manchuria, the official leader of Qianlong Dynasty and the commander-in-chief of Zhili Prefecture. He posthumously awarded his father Fogg as the deputy governor of Manchuria, Dr. Guanglu, and Jin gave Dr. Guanglu as the governor and commander-in-chief of Zhili. His mother, Lu and his mother, Yan, also "presented Mrs. Yipin".

Nalan family was an official for generations because of the feudal aristocratic system, and was once a very important minister, which was inextricably linked with the Qing Dynasty through blood and marriage. Nalan Xingde himself, his younger brother Xu and his son Fogg are all very talented. The officials served by fathers, brothers and children are both civil and military, which constitutes a family pedigree, which is the epitome of the feudal upper class and has quite typical significance.

2. Li Yu (937-978), the monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, was also an outstanding poet in the Five Dynasties period. The word shigemitsu, the first name from Jia, number Zhong Yin. Xuzhou (now Jiangsu) people are called Huzhou (now Zhejiang) people. The sixth son of Li Jing in the Southern Tang Dynasty, he succeeded to the throne in the second year of Song Dynasty (96 1), and was called the late master in history. In the eighth year of Kaibao, the country broke the Song Dynasty and was captured to Bianjing, where he became a general and disobeyed orders. Later he was poisoned by Song Taizong. Although Li Yu is politically incompetent, his artistic talent is extraordinary. Li has certain attainments in books, paintings, songs, poems and essays, especially in ci. There are about 32 existing Li Yu's ci poems, the contents of which can be mainly divided into two categories: the first category was written before the Song Dynasty, which mainly reflected the court life and the love between men and women, and the subject matter was narrow; The second category is that after the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was deeply saddened by the national subjugation, and his memories of the past were full of his own feelings. The achievements of his works in this period far exceeded those in the previous period. Among them, masterpieces such as Young Beauty, Langtaosha and Night Cry were all made at this time. In this period, most of the ci poems were based on sadness, mainly describing the scene of looking at the fence from afar and returning to the dream, expressing the infinite nostalgia for the "old country" and "the past". Li Yu played an important role in the history of China's ci poems and had a great influence on later generations. He inherited the tradition of Huajian poets since the late Tang Dynasty, but reflected a certain artistic conception with universal significance in real life through a concrete and sensible personality image, which promoted the creation of ci and expanded the field of expression of ci. Li Yuwen is rich in writing, poetry, books and painting. His ci poems are mainly included in two major ci poems in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Working time (96 1-975).

Li Yu is "kind and filial, good at writing calligraphy and painting, rich in forehead and teeth, and heavy in eyes." , is the sixth son of Excavate, Yuan Zong of Southern Tang Dynasty (Lord of Southern Tang Dynasty). Because Li Jing's second to fifth sons all died early, Li Hongji, Li Yu's eldest brother, was actually his second son when he was the Crown Prince. Li Hongji was a jealous man, but Li Yu, who was sedate at that time, was afraid of Li Hongji's suspicion and did not dare to participate in politics. He reads just for fun every day.

Li Hongji died shortly after poisoning Li Jingsui in 959. Li Jing intends to make Li Yu a prince. Zhong Mo said, "From the protection, I am cowardly, Buddhist and inhuman." Being kind, courageous and dignified, it is very suitable to be an heir. "Excavate great anger, made an excuse, the Zhong Mo relegated to the country, exiled to Raozhou. Li Yu was made king of Wu, a scribe and a politician, so he lived in the East Palace.

96 1, in the second year of Song Dynasty, Li Jing moved to Nanchang, made Li Yu the crown prince to supervise the country, and left him in Jinling. After the death of Li Jing in June, Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling.

Li Yu is "arrogant and extravagant, good at showing off, talking loudly and not caring about political affairs."

After Song Jun destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in 97 1 year, Li Yu changed his name to Jiangnan Master to show that he did not oppose the Song Dynasty.

In 973, Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Kaifeng, but he refused to go because of illness. Song Taizu sent Cao Bin and his army to attack Nantang.

In 9741February, Cao Bin conquered Jinling.

After fifteen years in office, he was called Li Houzhu and the Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty.

In 975, after Li Yu was captured, he was appointed as the disobedient Kaifeng Hou, and General Baizuo was appointed as Wei. According to historical records, Zhao Guangyi repeatedly forced Zhou Xiao to stay in the palace. Every time I go back after Xiao Zhou, I cry and scold. In pain and depression, Li Yu wrote famous songs such as Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Midnight Song and Young Beauty. Ancient painters also painted Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky. In Ming Dynasty, Shen Defu wrote Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky: "In Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong painted Xiao Zhou after Xiling was lucky, with a hoe on his head, pale face and fat body. After the worship, the limbs were delicate, and several imperial envoys held them and frowned after a week. " Feng Haisu of Yuan Man wrote a poem on the map: "Li Huakai, left in the south of the Yangtze River, was also forcibly folded by the king; Blame the golden wind rushing to the ground, and the imperial garden is full of red and purple. "

According to the memoirs of Wang Luo in the Song Dynasty, he was poisoned by Song Taizong in 978 because of his words such as "The old country is unbearable to look back on" and "A river flows eastward". Some people say it's Chinese medicine, nux vomica. After taking it, the central nervous system is destroyed, the whole body twitches, and the head and feet shrink together, which is extremely painful. The official history such as "History of the Song Dynasty" did not say that it was poisoning, and it was recorded as "three years in July, and he died at the age of 42. Abandon the court for three days and give it to the Taishi to chase the king of Wu. " After Li Yu's death, he was buried in North Mangshan, Luoyang. He was heartbroken a few weeks later and died soon after.

3. Li Shangyin (about 865,438+02 or 865,438+03-about 858), whose real name is Yuxi Sheng (also known as "Xigu" in different versions) and Fan Nansheng. Poets in late Tang Dynasty. Originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), his ancestors moved to Xingyang (now Henan). His poems are of great literary value. Wen, which is called Xiao with Du Mu, is called Wen Li, which is similar to Duan and Wen in the same period, and both of them are ranked as 16 in the family, so they are also called "Thirty-six Style". There are 300 Tang poems, including 22 poems by Li Shangyin, ranking fourth. His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems are lingering and memorable. But it is too obscure to be solved. There is a saying that "poets love Quincy, but only hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". Because of the constant struggle between cows and plums, I was frustrated all my life.

all one's life

Li Shangyin was a scholar in Tang Wenzong in the second year (AD 847). He was a judge of Hongnongwei, Sasuke shogunate and Dongchuan Festival. In the early days, Li Shangyin won the appreciation of Ling Huchu, an important member of the Cattle Party, because of his literary talent, and Wang Maoyuan of the Li Party married his daughter because he loved him, so he was rejected by the Cattle Party. Since then, Li Shangyin struggled for survival in the struggle between Niu and Li factions, worked as an aide in various provinces, and was frustrated and down and out for life. In the light of predecessors, the poetry circle in the late Tang Dynasty has reached the end of its tether, and Li Shangyin pushed it to another peak. He is the most famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, along with Du Mu. They are also called "Little Du Li"

The social status of the family

Li Shangyin once claimed to belong to the same clan as the royal family in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Caitian's textual research confirmed that he was a distant imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. But there is no official document to prove this, so it can be considered that this blood relationship between Li Shangyin and the royal family in the Tang Dynasty is quite distant. Li Shangyin affirmed his imperial clan status many times in his poems. However, this did not bring him any real benefits.

Li Shangyin's family can be traced back to his great-grandfather Li She. The highest administrative post that Li She once held was Meiyuan County Order; Great-great-grandfather Li Shuheng (uncle) is an Anyang county commandant. Grandfather Li Biao, a former Xingzhou document, joined the army; His father, Reese, was once an imperial adviser in the temple. When Li Shangyin was born, Li Siren was ordered by jia county (now jia county, Henan).

4.

Qin Guan (1049- 1 100), whose word is too empty and few lines, is a Huaihai layman. Gaoyou people. Northern Song Dynasty writers. Song Shenzong Yuanfeng was a scholar for eight years (1085). He used to be Dr. imperial academy (lecturer of national university), secretary of provincial orthography and editor of National History Institute. Politically inclined to the old party, when Zhezong was in power, the "new party" was in power, demoted to state wine tax, took charge of Hengzhou, moved to Leizhou and died in Tengzhou. He, together with Huang Tingjian and Chao, is also known as the "Four Bachelor of Su Men", which is quite appreciated by Su Shi. Qin Guan is generous, free and easy, beyond words. At the age of 20, I wrote Fu on Fushan Weir. At the age of 24, he wrote "Riding alone to see Ruff", which was highly respected by the world. His prose is good at argument, and The History of Song Dynasty was rated as "literary and thoughtful". His poems are good at lyricism. Taosun Ao's Poetry Review said: "Qin Shaoyou is like a woman swimming in spring, but she is weak in the end." He was a famous graceful poet in the late Northern Song Dynasty. His poems mostly describe the feelings of men and women and express the sadness of career frustration. His words are skillful and meticulous, and his melody is harmonious and beautiful. Representative works include Que Qiao Xian (Bo Yun is clever), Wang Hai Chao (Mei Ying Shu) and Man Ting Fang (Mountain Wipe). In "The Fairy of the Que Bridge", "If love lasts for a long time, it will be there sooner or later!" A famous sentence known as "turning stinky rot into magic" (see Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire). In Man Ting Fang, "There is a setting sun outside, there are Western jackdaw numbers in the west, and the water flows around the lonely village" is called "naturally eloquent" (Chao Bu's words are quoted from "Notes on Gaizhai"). Zhang Yan's etymology said: "Qin Shaoyou's ci is elegant, energetic, beautiful, full of meaning, chewing without me, and knowing the taste for a long time." For details about his life, see History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 444. He is the author of 40 volumes of Huaihai Ji, Huaihai Ci (also known as Huaihai Jushi's Long and Short Sentences), Persuading Good Records and Anti-Travel Ji. He also edited "Yangzhou Poetry" and "Gaoyou Poetry". His Silkworm Book is the earliest extant monograph on sericulture in China. He is also good at calligraphy. Learn from Zhong and Wang in lower case, and be charming, vigorous and lovely. The cursive script has the flavor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He really learned from Yan Zhenqing. In the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130), Qin Guan was posthumously awarded the "Bachelor of Zhilong Tuge" by the Southern Song Dynasty court. Gaoyou Wenyou Terrace, Qin Guanyue Terrace, Qin Youtie Stone Carvings, Yangzhou Yunshan Map, and the "First Scene of Huaidong" Stone Carvings have been preserved to this day.

Qin Guan's marriage

Qin Guan's wife's name is Xu, not the legendary one. This is his own account in an article written for his father-in-law. His father-in-law is a wealthy businessman named Xu in Gaoyou. Because he had some money, he donated a master book and gave birth to three daughters named Xu, Xu and Xu Wenrou. Qin Guan said at the end of the article "Xu Jun Master Book": "Xu Jun's three daughters sighed: children study, and women must marry scholars. Being a beautiful wife is like a cloud. "

About his wife, it's just a name, which is not mentioned in Qin Guan's poem. Xu Meiwen is probably not the woman that Qin Guan loves. According to statistics, about a quarter of the more than 400 poems handed down by Qin Guan are "love poems", and most of the protagonists are prostitutes in brothels. Qian Zhongshu said that Qin Guan's poems were "open affair" in "Preface to Selected Poems of Song Dynasty". "Ru Xi Yu Yin Cong Hua" quoted "Yi Yuan orpiment" to tell an affair of Qin Guan. When Qin Guan was in Shaoxing, he was received by the local supreme governor and stayed in Penglai Pavilion, a high-class hotel. One day, I took a fancy to a geisha on the table, so I appointed a man, Fang Ting, beginning with Wei Yun on the Mountain, and then with ecstasy. At this time, the fragrance faded and the ribbon was light. . Winning the Qin Lou Prize gave her a fickle fate. This word is very popular. Su Shi once called Qin Guan "Wei Yun Qin Xueshi".

Jiang Yikui of Ming Dynasty disclosed two other erotic affairs of Qin Guan in Yao Shan Tang Wai Ji. Qin Shaoyou is in Cai Zhou, and he is very close to prostitutes. He wrote a poem "Hidden in the Water" for his lover, and even took pains to write the name of Lou Dongyu in the poem. "Little Building Soaring into the Sky" and "Farewell to Yu Pei Ding Dong" are riddles. And "heavy doors under flowers, deep alleys next to willows, unbearable to look back." I was sentimental, but there was a bright moon, so I took pictures of people. "It means their tryst scene. Qin Guan also has a lover named Tao Xiner. He gave a famous prostitute a song "South Gezi" by Zeng Zeng, and the last sentence "There is a waning moon behind the hook, with three stars" is a charade for Tao Xiner's "heart".

Is it a bit "wasteful" to spend all your talents on prostitutes? So that Huang Tingjian couldn't stand it any longer, he wrote a poem to persuade him. One of them was "hard-won, hard-won", which made Qin very unhappy.

Traditional poetry appreciation, when analyzing Qin Guan, is always characterized as writing "a geisha's love, and integrating into her own life experience", but this is not suitable for interpreting all Qin Guan's love stories. Take his classic famous sentence "If two love each other for a long time, get along with each other day and night" for example, there is no sense of life experience of being frustrated in official career. On the contrary, if we look at his dissolute emotional experience, we can safely assume that this is just an excuse for Qin Shaoyou to comfort spoony women, or a beautiful excuse to get rid of old relationships.