Why is tea called tea?

China is the motherland of tea, which was first discovered and utilized by China people. The word "tea" in various languages in the world is transliterated from the dialect "tea" in parts of Guangdong and Fujian where China's foreign trade ports are located. In ancient China, there were many words about tea. "This word came from grass, from wood, or from vegetation." Its name is tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea. The word "tea" evolved directly from the word "tea", so before the word "tea" was formed, tea, tea, and tea were all used to represent tea. "Tea" is the main title of tea before the Tang Dynasty.

Bitter herbs

Erya Cao Shi XIII and Tea Bitter Vegetables. Sonchus oleraceus is a perennial herb of Compositae. The Book of Songs Guo Feng Guo Gu Guo Feng has the words "Who says tea is bitter, it is as sweet as water", The Book of Songs Guo Feng Guo Feng July has the words "picking tea to pay", and The Book of Songs Daya Mian has the words "pansy is like a cup of tea", which is just so-so. The bitter vegetables recorded in Lu Ji's Poems on Shi Mao, Plants, Birds, Animals and Fish are characterized by growing in Shan Ye or swamps and having a sweet and crisp taste. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty, Volume 27, Bitter Vegetables, recorded that in early spring, seedlings were born with hollow stems, and white juice would flow out intermittently. Yellow flowers are similar to wild chrysanthemums. Their seeds have white hairs and can fly with the wind. Bitter vegetable is the original meaning of tea, which tastes bitter and turns sweet after frost, so it is said that it is as sweet as a cup of tea and purple tea is like a cup of tea.

Mao xiu

Zheng Xuan's "Zhou Guan" in the Eastern Han Dynasty notes: "Tea is hairy", and hairy is the white awn attached to the seeds of budding grass. There are idioms such as "women are like tea" and "in full swing" in The Book of Songs Zheng Guofeng Guo Zhi Chu Dong Men. The above-mentioned tea leaves are generally considered to refer to white hair show. Maoxiu is an extension of tea, because the seeds of bitter vegetables are attached with white awns, and then extend from bitter vegetables to thatched "Maoxiu".

Tea sets are bitter and astringent, so we use the same bitter tea (bitter vegetables) to refer to tea.

other

It was further extended from "Mao Xiu" to "Lu Hua" and was interpreted as "Ziguo" and "Lufei".

(2) When was tea used to refer to tea?

The fourteenth chapter of Er Ya Shi Mu, Yi Kucha. If you are wooden, you should be wooden, so bitter tea is also wooden. Therefore, bitter tea comes not from grass, but from wood. Erya was not written by one person at a time, but was finally written in the Western Han Dynasty. It is a collection of ancient exegesis before the Western Han Dynasty. From Er Ya to the Western Han Dynasty, it can be confirmed that replacing tea with vegetables will not be later than the Western Han Dynasty.

In Tongyue, Wang Bao of the Western Han Dynasty praised "everything is available for making tea" and "five sheep buy tea". It is generally believed that "tea" here refers to tea. Because, if it is a common bitter dish in other places, there is no need to go to Wuyang far away to buy it. Wang Bao's Tongyue is scheduled for the third year of Xuandi Shenjue in the Western Han Dynasty (59 BC), and borrowing tea refers to tea before 59 BC.

(3) Tea is the main title of tea before the Tang Dynasty.

Lu Yu collected almost all the tea materials before the middle Tang Dynasty in the "Seven Things" chapter of Tea Classic. According to statistics, there are 25 kinds of tea (including bitter tea), 3 kinds of tea, 4 kinds of tea, 1 1 kind of tea, 2 kinds of tea and 3 kinds of tea. There are 32 kinds of tea, bitter tea, tea and tea, accounting for about 70% of the total tea affairs. Tea and tea are both rare, and tea and tea are even more rare. Kuangming is the bud of tea and the old leaf of tea. Tea, tea and tea are actually one. From this point of view, tea is the most important title of tea before the middle Tang Dynasty.

Second, other names of tea (1)

You and you. Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Yi," "catalpa, catalpa." According to Shuowen, you are a catalpa. Yaya: "It is morning and evening to cross the road, so it is autumn." Bo, Mei Muye. "Then catalpa bungeana leaves in early autumn, so it is a beautiful tree. Tongzhi: "catalpa is similar to catalpa." "Rhyme": "There are similarities and differences between catalpa and catalpa. "Luji's Shi Mao Sparse Plants, Birds, Animals and Fish:" Sparse nature is catalpa, and the son is catalpa. " "Yaya": "The hippo chef is a hundred trees long, so he is called the king of wood. "In a word, Catalpa bungeana and Catalpa bungeana are the kings of beautiful trees and wood." Bitter tea "(Erya). How do you borrow tea from Weiwei and Zizi? "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Ya, Ya, Cong Mu, Jia Sheng. Jia has two pronunciations: false and ancient. The pronunciation of "ancient" is similar to that of "tea" and "bitter tea". Tea is used to refer to tea because it is woody rather than herbal. As Erya was finally written in the Western Han Dynasty, the time to borrow tea was not later than the Western Han Dynasty. However, making tea is not common, only Erya and Miscellaneous Poems written by Wang Wei in the Southern Song Dynasty.

(2) Ming

Tea, ancient and lovely. Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Meng, grass shoots, grass sounds." "Bud, sprout, from the sound of grass teeth." The original meaning of tea bud refers to the tender bud of vegetation. The buds of tea trees can of course be called tea leaves. Later, Ming, Meng and Bud were divided into two parts, among which Ming specifically refers to tea (tea) buds. Therefore, when Xu Xuan revised Shuo Wen Jie Zi, he added: "Ming, tea buds are also. Fangcao became famous. " When did tea evolve from the buds of vegetation, especially tea buds? In the old title, Zhang Hua in the Jin Dynasty noted that Yuyao people went into the mountains to pick tea, and Er Ya written by Guo Pu in the Jin Dynasty noted that "morning tea, evening tea, Shu people called it bitter tea." Before the Tang Dynasty, tea was often cooked with raw soup. Therefore, the old leaves of the previous year were picked in early February, and the new tea of that year was picked in March and April, so the antonym of late picking was "Ming". Tea refers to tea buds, when in Han and Jin dynasties. Tea refers to tea buds, and further refers to tea, until the end.

(3)

"Tea Classic" and "Five Chefs" contain: "Its taste is sweet and delicious; It is also embarrassing to be unwilling to suffer; " Bitter and sweet, tea is also available. Lu Deming's classic interpretation of the sound and meaning of Er Ya: "Yi, Cha and Ming are actually one." Wang Wei's Annals of Flowers and Trees: "Tea, with leaves like gardenia, can be boiled and drunk. "Its old leaves are called' flying' and its young leaves are called' Ming'. Gu wrote on the jade in the Southern Dynasties: "You are a tea man. "To sum up, it refers to the rough and old tea, so it is bitter and astringent, so the tea scripture says," Not bitter, but also bitter. " Seven events in the Tea Classic cited Sima Xiangru's Fan Jiang as "stumbling". Sima Xiangru was a famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty. He, philosopher, writer and Wang Bo are all from Sichuan, which is the earliest place for China to drink tea. Wuyang, where "Wuyang buys tea", is today's Pengshan in Sichuan. The words "Bubuxiang", "Bubuxiang" and "Tea" refer to tea and have only one meaning. Therefore, the word "Bubuxiang" in Fan Jiang Pian may refer to tea. There are reliable records of tea drinking in The Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu and Biography of Wei Yao: "Yao drinks only two liters, so the ceremony is different, and tea is used instead of wine. "Tea should be a kind of tea beverage. Du Yu in the Jin Dynasty wrote Zhuan Fu, and Gu Tao in the Five Dynasties and the Early Song Dynasty wrote Zhuan Ming Bu. The word "bian" has no other meaning except tea. Before the word "tea" appeared, it may be the proper name of tea, but it was rarely used after the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

(4) Settings

"Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Set, vanilla also, set sound from grass." Duan Yucai's Note: "Vanilla makes grass fragrant." The original meaning refers to vanilla or grass fragrance. Tea set is used to refer to tea because of its fragrance. Yang Xiong's Yan Fang in the Western Han Dynasty: "Southwestern Sichuan people say that tea is decided." But only using tea in southwest Sichuan should be dialect usage, which is the only one in ancient books.

Third, the emergence and origin of the word "tea"

Among the five appellations of tea, tea, tea, tea and tea, tea is the most common and widespread. However, the word "tea" is ambiguous and easy to cause misunderstanding. "Tea" is a pictophonetic word. From Cao Yusheng, the grass prefix is a semantic symbol, indicating that it is a herb. However, since Erya, tea was found to be woody, and the name of tea did not match that of tea, so the word "ba" was borrowed. However, the word "ba" refers to catalpa, catalpa and other trees, which may also cause misunderstanding. So on the basis of "Ba, bitter tea", a word "tea" was created, and the original "Ba, tea" was replaced by the sound of wooden tea. On the other hand, the word "tea" is still used, which changes the pronunciation of "home" and "tea". Lu Deming's "Classic Interpretation" said: "Tea is light." Yi Cang is an exegetical book written by Wei Zhangyi of the Three Kingdoms, and the word "cha" appeared in the early years of the Three Kingdoms at the latest. In the Jade Pieces written by Gu in the Southern Dynasties, there are "20 pieces" and the 162nd piece, "Tea tasting, single pot car. ..... except cutting. " Lu Deming's classic interpretation of Yamu's 14th sentence: "Tea, music, the same below. Put it on. " Press: Today Shu people use it for drinking, sounding positive and negative, making tea and so on. First cut, straight cut, sound tea. The pronunciation of "tea" began in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The pronunciation of "tea" has not changed, nor has the pronunciation of "tea". Therefore, the pronunciation and writing of tea will still cause misunderstanding, so two words, "tea" and "cha", which change both the shape and the sound, appear further. Sui Lu Fayan's "Guang Yun" "Sound is flat, Mo Xiajiu; Tea can be stored and drunk in spring, and Banan people call it tea. " "Tea custom". The word "tea" is included in "Ma Yun". When you lower your voice, you should read "tea" instead of "disciple". The word "tea" was subtracted from the word "tea" with a picture, or it came from grass, without word formation, but it was simpler than "tea", so the popular word "tea" was first used by the people. "Tea (sound tea) and" tea "started around the Chen and Sui Dynasties. "Tea Classic" has a note: "From grass to tea, the word" Kaiyuan character "is given. "The original annotator of the Book of Tea thought that the word" tea "was first seen in Kaiyuan Zi Yin Yi." Kai Yuan Zi Yin Yi is a part of Li Longji's imperial book, which has been lost. Although the word "tea" is included in Guang Yun and Kaiyuan, it is still used in formal occasions. In the early Tang Dynasty, Su Gong and others used "tea" instead of "tea" in Tang Herbal Medicine and Chen Zangqi's Herbal Supplement in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It was not until Lu Yu wrote the Book of Tea that the word "tea" gradually spread.