The elements and functions of photography are urgently needed.

The picture of a photographic work can be roughly divided into five parts: subject, companion, background, foreground and blank.

1. Subject: it is the main image used by photographers to express the theme, and it is the structural center of gravity of the picture. The subject in a photo can be an object or a group of objects.

In other words, it can show a person, or an event, or even a story. Highlighting the theme is an important and primary task of photographic composition.

2. Foil: It is an image used by photographers to set off, set off and assist the subject to express the content. Accompanying body should play a good role in explaining, introducing and beautifying the subject. Through possession, you can also elaborate the theme more deeply. However, the escort can only play the role of foil. Photographers should not pretend to be the host when choosing and arranging escorts, because we should emphasize the subject, so everything is secondary except the subject.

3. Background: refers to the scenery behind the subject, which sets off the subject. The main function of background is to explain the environment in which the subject is located, highlight the image of the subject and enrich its connotation. Background, like ligand, can not highlight the subject, but can be used as a supporting role to set off the subject, otherwise the purpose of highlighting the subject will not be achieved.

4. Foreground: Foreground refers to the scenery in front of the subject. As an integral part of the environment, it plays a role in setting off the subject. Effective use of the foreground can strengthen the sense of space in the picture and play a supplementary role in explaining the subject.

5. Blank: it is an important part of the picture and another part of the real thing. Although it is not an entity, it can communicate with all the objects on the screen and help the photographer express his feelings. Making good use of the blank of the picture can highlight the main body and create the artistic conception of the picture.

Five, the basic elements of composition

The basic elements of the composition include:

1. line structure

2. Tone: Tones in black-and-white photography include black, white and gray. In color photography, in addition to various colors, there are three levels of black, white and gray, which affect the level and transition of color levels.

3. Perspective: The most important and commonly used forms of photographic perspective are focus perspective and aerial perspective.

4. Balance: also called balance. It is a visual effect composed of various modeling factors on the way to the camera, including relative balance and absolute balance.

5. Contrast: including the contrast of tone, color, action, truth, shape, distance and texture.