Some thoughts on visiting the former site of no.1 middle school of shanghai

In the summer of 192 1, a group of people came out of Shanghai Lane in twos and threes. Some of them wear robes, others wear ties and suits. They spoke the local dialect and disappeared into the darkness in the suburbs of Shanghai. A few days later, on a cruise ship in Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, this group of people got together again. The lake was drizzling like silk, and suddenly a deep cry came from the exquisite painting boat: "Long live the * * * production party!" Long live the Third International! * * * Long live capitalism! " The faint cry was quickly drowned in the rain. However, on the land of China, an irresistible historical torrent is rapidly converging, which will propel the red boat of China revolution to sail.

China * * * Production Party was proclaimed. In the modern history of China, this is-

Shikumen —— The Spread of Prosperity

On May 22nd, 200 1 year, the morning light first appeared, and the sun shadow was projected on the famous Shikumen house in Shanghai. This house was built in the autumn of 1920, facing south, with brick and wood structure, criss-crossing blue bricks and red bricks on the exterior wall, and a strong combination of Chinese and western colors. This is the world-famous "First Congress" venue, Wang Zhi Road 106 (now 76 Xingye Road) in the former French concession.

The alum red semi-circular lintel in colonial times presents a baroque scroll-shaped aquatic plant. Under the thick granite doorway, people from all over the country paid tribute to the spread of the red flame. Knocking on the shiny copper ring on the black Shikumen, people and history are intertwined here, and solemnity and admiration are condensed into a force. The yellow scroll in the showcase is the key to open the curtain of history, and the woven stream of people keeps exploring the footprints of history, leaving a long list of reverence.

The reporter followed the crowd who came to visit the venue and filed in from Shudeli, Baylor Road (now Lane 374, Huangpi South Road). 80 years ago, did the national 13 delegates enter the venue from here?

The architectural pattern of the venue has been restored to what it was 80 years ago. On the eve of the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Party, there was another large-scale renovation here. Liu Shaling, deputy secretary of the memorial hall of the conference site, told the reporter: "This revolutionary old house has been lost for nearly 30 years. When it was rediscovered after liberation, it was not like this at all. It has become an unrecognizable' Hengri Fumianfang'. "

195 1 In April, after half a year's exploration, the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China found and determined No.76 and No.78 Xingye Road as the site of the CPC. The Shanghai Municipal Committee organized relevant departments to carry out a comprehensive renovation according to the original appearance of the year, and all furniture and furnishings were copied as they were recalled by the parties. From the moment it was discovered, its protection and restoration never stopped. "Five years of minor repairs, ten years of major repairs" has always maintained the spirit of this revolutionary holy land.

Under the Shikumen, there is a narrow small courtyard in the dark solid thick wooden door. A 18 square meter living room is blocked behind six floor-to-ceiling windows, and the long table in the center is covered with a white tablecloth. There is a copper ashtray, a copper vertical matchbox, a white porcelain tea set and a flounced pink vase on the table. There are fifteen chairs around the table.

The congress of history is held here.

On the evening of July 23rd, the first sentence of China's revolutionary epic was written behind the secret door 192 1, Wang Zhi Road 106. Its rhythm is deep and solemn ... the reporters of the interview group started with this and explored the footprints of the revolutionary pioneers of that year.

In the summer of 192 1, representatives of * * * production teams from all over the world gathered in the same destination-Shanghai, with Hubei and Hunan accents, as well as Jiangxi, Shandong, Guangdong and Guizhou accents, by the Yangtze River. Their actions were so secret that in 1952, Xie Juezai recalled the scene of that year and said, "One night, the sky was overcast, and I suddenly heard that Comrade Mao Zedong and Comrade He Shuheng were going to Shanghai. I felt that their actions were sudden and they refused to let us on board. Later, I learned that they were going to attend the first national congress of the China * * * production party-the birth of the great China * * * production party. "

On July 23, 192 1 year, there was a faint yellow light, and it was a heavy night outside, as if guiding passers-by in the dark. The front door of Wangzhilu apartment is a border vegetable field, surrounded by weeds and few pedestrians.

Road 106 is the residence of Li and his brother Li Shucheng. Li Shucheng followed Sun Yat-sen in his early years, participated in the Revolution of 1911, and served as the army chief of Beiyang warlord. The special background of "Li Mansion" and the cold environment around its apartment make it unnecessary to hold the "First Congress" here.

In the evening, the delegates arrived at the meeting place one after another and sat around the long table. After 8 o'clock, the first national congress of China * * * Production Party officially opened. On this day, it was less than a year before Chen Duxiu established the first * * * production team in China.

Representatives attending the First National Congress were He Shuheng, Dong, Chen Tanqiu, Li Da, Li, Bao Huisheng, Zhang, Chen Gongbo, Zhou Fohai, *** 13, representing more than 50 party member at that time, and international representatives such as * * * Ma Lin and Nicolschi. Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao, two famous producers, failed to attend.

Twenty-four-year-old Zhang was elected as the chairman of the meeting, and Zhou Fohai took the record. After reporting on the preparations for the congress, Zhang put forward the topics of the congress, namely, formulating the party's program, practical work plan and electing the central organs. He also read a letter from Chen Duxiu to Chen Gongbo, in which he put forward four opinions: "First, the development and education of party member; Second, the application of the party's democratic centralism; Third, party discipline; Fourth, the mass line. "

The representative of Beijing sat beside Marin, translated Zhang's words into English and told Marin. At the meeting, Ma Lin delivered a speech on behalf of * * * Production International: "The formal establishment of China * * * Production Party is of great world significance. * * * Production International has added an oriental branch, and the Soviet Bolsheviks have added an oriental comrade-in-arms. " Marin talked for a long time at the meeting.

After the meeting, the delegates walked out of the "Li Mansion" in batches. Like most Shanghainese, the front door of Wang Zhi Road 106 apartment was closed, and the delegates left the meeting place through the back door-Shudeli, Baylor Road (now Lane 374, Huangpi South Road). According to relevant sources, this is the only meeting attended by all the delegates at the first National Congress of China.

Bowen Girls' School-Former Residence of Delegates

Most of the delegates live in Bowen Girls' School at No.389 Baier Road (now Taicang Road 127), and only Mrs. Chen Gongbo lives in Nanjing Road Dadong Hotel. After several efforts, the reporter was allowed to interview the original site of Bowen Girls' School. The reporter walked 100 meters from Shudeli on Baylor Road (now Lane 374 of Huangpi South Road) and turned right. It is also an old Shikumen house with one floor and one bottom. Today, it is already the office of the exhibition department of the "First Congress" memorial hall of the Communist Party of China. Liu, a staff member, said: "In order to protect this building, the memorial hall will use the vacant original site of Bowen Girls' School. Some people live in houses and can do some daily maintenance. "Bowen Girls' School has a small area. At the end of the winding corridor on the second floor, the second room represents the house where Mao Zedong and He Shuheng once lived. Now it's back to its original state: there is an old-fashioned small desk by the window, two wooden beds covered with straw mats, which are placed in a T shape with a bamboo bookshelf in the middle. The room is spotless. Liu said: "When I recognized this house from Shanghai Lane, the former Bowen Girls' School was already the staff dormitory of the local cultural bureau. The old residents here came back to see it a few days ago and took photos. "

When the first national congress was held, nine delegates lived in Bowen Girls' School. It was summer vacation, and both teachers and students left school. Bowen Girls' School was founded in 19 17. The chairman is Ms. Xu of Huang Xing, and the principal is Huang Shaolan. The delegates' accommodation was specially arranged by Mrs. Wang Lida Wu Hui. At that time, Wang joined the Shanghai Women's Federation as the editor of Voice of Women. She has a good relationship with Xu and Huang Shaolan. In the name of "Peking University Summer Tour Group", she rented a classroom from President Huang Shaolan as the accommodation for the delegates. Huang Shaolan promised to come down.

On July 25th and 26th, we adjourned for two days to draft the conference documents such as the Program and Work Plan of the China Producer Party. According to Ma Lin's proposal at the first meeting, a project and work plan drafting committee composed of Zhang, Li Da and Dong was elected. Two days after the recess, I worked intensively and drafted the party's program and resolution.

However, today, in the exhibition hall of the memorial hall of the conference site, the party's first program and resolution are not in Chinese. Some party history experts told reporters: "The Chinese documents of the program and resolutions drafted by the First Congress of the Communist Party of China are extremely precious. Unfortunately, due to the long-term war environment of our party, these Chinese original works have been lost in the future, and there are only two existing versions in Russian and English. Russian translation originally existed in * * * production international. In the 1950s, the Soviet Central Committee, as a delegation, produced international archives in * * * and handed them over to the Central Committee. The English translation is an appendix to Chen Gongbo 1924' s paper "The Production Movement in China".

On the evening of July 30th, the sixth session of the First National Congress of China was held. The meeting will still be held after eight o'clock. Marin and Nicolschi attended the meeting. The original agenda was for Marin, the international representative of * * * *, to express his opinions on the issues discussed at the meeting, and then discuss and adopt the party's program and resolution.

Among the delegates, only Zhou Fohai didn't come. It is said that he was upset and couldn't go out, so he had to lie alone in the upstairs of Bowen Girls' School.

Shortly after the meeting, a middle-aged man in a bamboo gown suddenly broke into the back door of the meeting (later, according to relevant people's memories, this person was Cheng Ziqing, inspector of the French Concession), and he looked around. When the delegates asked him what he was doing, the man vaguely said, "Looking for President Wang of the Social Union?" He said, "I'm sorry, I'm in the wrong place." Then, quit in a hurry. The third room away from Li's apartment is indeed the clubhouse of all walks of life in Shanghai, but there is no president of all walks of life, and no one is surnamed Wang. Marin asked the delegates if they knew this man, but they all said no. Marin, who has rich experience in secret work, immediately decided: "It must be a spy. I suggest that the meeting stop immediately and everyone leave separately. "

The meeting was interrupted, and all the people present at the meeting left the meeting immediately except Li and Chen Gongbo. Ten minutes later, a French chief inspector, two French detectives, two Chinese detectives, a French soldier and three translators surrounded Li's house and entered the room for search and interrogation. They rummaged for more than an hour, but found nothing suspicious except some books introducing and promoting socialism. There is a draft party program in the indoor drawer. Because of the mess and illegible handwriting, people in the patrol room trampled on it as irrelevant waste paper. The intruder found nothing, and after leaving, he set an ambush around the house to monitor the movements of the people coming in and out.

Laoyu Yangli No.2-Central Work Department of Linongli.

At about 0/2 o'clock that night/kloc-,the delegates came to the editorial department of New Youth at No.2 Laoyu Yangli, which is also Chen Duxiu's apartment.

Laoyuyangli No.2 is not far from the meeting place. On May 22nd, the reporter spent some time searching the narrow and busy roads in the old city of Shanghai. At the fruit stand on Huaihai Middle Road, a fat aunt in her sixties sat in the kitchen to enjoy the cool. She didn't know where No.2 in Laoyuyangli was, but she asked, "Are you looking for the old house in Chen Duxiu? Well, there is a sign at the door. " The old lady smiled. Only a dozen paces later, the reporter saw the editorial department of New Youth, the birthplace of the first * * * production team in China. The black door is closed and the rusty knocker is stuck on the door, which looks like an ordinary old-fashioned wall door in Shanghai. Only a memorial plaque of white marble on the left can show that this is the editorial department of New Youth and Chen Duxiu's apartment. The reporter knocked on the knocking ring hard and a sleepy woman appeared at the door. She said, "There are too many visitors." She pointed to her room and said, "There is also a commemorative card in it." A room of five or six square meters, with some belongings piled up. On the couch, a white marble sign tells people that this humble room used to be the seat of the Central Work Department and Mao Zedong used to work here.

After the representatives of the "First Congress" disappeared in the darkness, they gathered in this room and decided to move the venue. A few days later, the China * * * production party was born on a cruise ship in Nanhu, Jiaxing.

History is like an old man, calmly arranging everything. Although the harassment of the French patrol did not cause direct losses to the delegates, both the delegates and the meeting site were monitored and the meeting could not continue in Shanghai. For the sake of safety, the venue of the meeting must be changed. Some people proposed to move to Hangzhou to continue the meeting, but everyone thought that Hangzhou was too prosperous and easy to expose. Later, Mrs. Wang suggested that it could be moved to her hometown, Nanhu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Jiaxing Nanhu has a quiet environment, few tourists, close to Shanghai and convenient transportation. The delegates adopted her opinion.

Vast Shanghai-Looking for Representative Descendants

Two days have passed since the interview of "One University" in China. The reporter shuttled through the bustling streets of Shanghai and finally interviewed all the old sites and many insiders. But there is an idea that has been entangled in our hearts: does "one big" mean that there are still descendants alive? Although 80 years have passed since the First National University, we seem to have a hunch that in this vast sea of people in Shanghai, we will definitely find a great posterity. Facts have proved that our hunch is correct. Just as we were about to leave Shanghai, we ran into Chen Shaokang, a researcher at the memorial hall of the conference site. He revealed that among the 13 delegates to the first national congress of China, the children of two delegates lived in Shanghai. One is Wang Jinmei's son Wang Jie, and the other is Liu Renjing's daughter Liu Wenlan. With the help of Chen Lao, after many twists and turns, the reporter finally got their home phone number. When the two old people heard that they wanted to talk about their father, they readily agreed.

On the night of May 22nd, the reporter drove to Kangping Road and found Wang Jie, the son of Wang Jinmei, a great representative of the Chinese Communist Party. When the taxi driver in Shanghai heard that he was going to Kangping Road, he was in awe: "Those are the people who live there." He gave a thumbs up. Eighty years later, the nights in Shanghai are still cool and humid. However, the concessions are gone. Along the way, the office buildings of foreign companies along the street are towering into the sky, but it is another world. Wang Jie has passed the ancient times. When Wang Jinmei arrived in Shanghai to attend the First University, he was still in his mother's womb. The old man was a cadre who went south with the army and was later transferred to Shanghai Transportation Bureau as the director. Today, he still keeps the habit of being a soldier: wearing military trousers and cloth shoes, easy-going, Shandong accent and Hong Zhong voice. Talking about Wang Jinmei, the old man nodded and smiled: "When my father died, I was only three years old and didn't know much. I mostly listen to my grandmother. " Wang Jinmei's portrait hangs in a conspicuous position on the wall. Wang Jie said that this photo was kept by grandma in the earthen wall of her hometown. Wang Jinmei has been away from his hometown for a long time, and has been carrying out Party activities in Jinan. The reactionary army knew that Wang Jinmei was party member and often harassed his ancestral home in Juxian. On one occasion, he also took Wang Jie's grandmother. Fortunately, the neighbors pooled some money to redeem it. The old man still remembers Wang Jinmei's last words when he died. Although this suicide note said nothing about his family, it revealed a producer of * * *, a party member's most sincere expectation of "fighting for the great ideal of * * *".

When we said goodbye, Lao Wang Manjie stubbornly wanted to walk to the door and watch us leave.

On May 23rd, the last morning of our reporter's stay in Shanghai, we visited Liu Renjing's daughter Liu Wenlan. This name makes people feel familiar. The residential area on Anshun Road is surrounded by green trees and birds are singing. Shortly after Liu Wenlan moved into his new house, the room was fresh and bright. She looks a lot like Liu Renjing in the photo. And her husband Chen translated books such as Gone with the Wind and The Godfather, so it is not surprising that their names are familiar. When it comes to translation, Liu Wenlan said, "This is influenced by my father". Liu Wenlan told many interesting stories about life in Liu Renjing with great interest. Liu Renjing and his wife went to Shanghai to visit their daughter and son-in-law. He and his son-in-law Chen sat on a tricycle and chatted. Liu Renjing suddenly asked, "Are you party member?" "No." Chen said to him, don't be silent. Liu Wenlan said with a smile, "Later, my wife said that my father was very unhappy when he heard that he was not party member. He still believes in the party. " Unfortunately,1On August 5th, 987, 85-year-old Liu Renjing was killed by a bus when he went out for exercise in the morning. Liu Wenlan said, "My father's memorial service was held in Babaoshan." At the farewell, we saw Liu Renjing's granddaughter, Chen Zaorong, creating a watercolor painting with the theme of "One Big": against the apricot background, the faint background of the "One Big" venue was reflected, and the bright red flame set off the sickle and hammer, trying to come out of generate. She said: "This is to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Party."

South Lake Original Boat —— Cradle of China's Party-making.

On May 23rd, near noon, there was a sea of people in front of the site of the "First Congress" in China. Dong's inscription "Start with simplicity and finish your work in one battle" hung at the end of the exhibition hall, facing the exquisite original ship on the South Lake.

Jiaxing Nanhu Lake is connected with the Grand Canal and divided into two parts: east and west. It looks like two birds crossing their necks, so it is called Yuanyang Lake. Compared with Hangzhou West Lake, Jiaxing South Lake is small and exquisite. The lake is not big. It used to be called 800 mu, but now the aerial photography is 624 mu. Looking around, the lake is surrounded by a circle of weeping willows.

192 1 On July 30th, 2000, after the Shanghai Road meeting place was destroyed, Wang and some representatives arrived in Jiaxing ahead of time, rented two rooms in Zhangjia Long Yuan Lake Hotel in the urban area and rented a cruise ship through the financial office of the hotel. The other part of the delegates went to Shanghai North Station the next day and drove south. Chen Gongbo, on the other hand, because of an accident at the meeting on the evening of 30th, another murder happened at the Dadong Hotel where 3 1 dawned, so he deliberately avoided Hangzhou and went to Lingyin Temple to rest in peace. Marin and Nicolschi are not convenient to continue attending the meeting, and they have no peers.

In the old city of Jiaxing, the reporter found the road named Zhangjialong at that time. Now Jiaxing is renamed "Qinzheng Road". According to local chronicles experts, in the past, Zhangjialong was the busiest place in Jiaxing, with many people singing operas, juggling and telling stories. Wang rented Yuanhu Hotel, which was a high star in the local area. But its prosperity can only be seen in the exhibition hall of Nanhu Memorial Hall: the two-story cloister structure is quite imposing. In 1950s, the old city of Jiaxing was rebuilt, and the Yuanhu Hotel was destroyed immediately. Only after asking the older generation did I know that its location is the People's Theatre on today's frugal road. On the morning of May 25, the reporter found the back door of the People's Theatre, and a group of theater staff were dismantling and washing the seat covers. An old worker in his fifties said that this is Yuanhu Hotel. If you want to talk about its history, it will be long. It used to be opposite the Wufangzhai Zongzi Store, which was quite lively, but it was later demolished.

The representative of the "First Congress" who arrived in Jiaxing City may have walked slowly from the position of a reporter to the Lion Ferry in South Lake, creating a great history. The misty rain building on the island in the middle of Nanhu Lake has now become a land of Range Rover. Exquisite boats in the southeast are moored on the shore. The staff of Nanhu Revolutionary Memorial Hall said: "At that time, the red boat was moored around 100 meters. It was very secluded at that time. "

On July 3 1 day 192 1 or so, the delegates arrived at Jiaxing Station one after another, took a break at the Yuanhu Hotel near Nanhu Lake, and borrowed a boat to board the rented medium-sized painting boat. It's cloudy with occasional light rain, and there are four or five cruise ships on the lake. Delegates asked the ship owner to park the ship in relatively secluded waters and plug in the power supply with poles. The southeast of the boat is facing the misty rain building on the central island of Nanhu Lake. The drizzle on the lake is like silk, which sounds like a sergeant leaving in a hurry with a medal. Wang sat in the bow and watched the wind. At the meeting, I deliberately poured my mahjong tiles on the table to hide people's eyes and ears. In the resplendent little house, a golden dragon is carved on every pillar. The wall is carved with golden flowers, cows, figures and birds. The horizontal plaque is engraved with "Moon Lake".

Get rid of the spies below, away from the hustle and bustle of Shanghai, so quiet and beautiful, there are emerald green rhombic leaves floating on the pale green lake, and the last meeting of the "First National Congress" was held here. In the afternoon, there were more small cruise ships, and the lake was full of phonographs singing operas, drinking dragons and tigers, gourds drinking pheasants, and it was noisy. At about 5 o'clock, a boat appeared on the lake. The delegates thought it was a government patrol boat and temporarily stopped the meeting. When they learned that it was a private yacht, the meeting went on as usual. The "waste paper" ignored by the spies became a document carefully weighed by the delegates. The meeting adopted the first program of China's * * * production party. The first article of the program reads: The Party is named "China * * * Production Party". The party program clearly put forward the political viewpoint of China's * * * production party, and stipulated the objectives, organizational principles and relations with other political parties of China's * * * production party. China's * * * production party is based on Marxist theory. Then, on the cruise ship of South Lake, the first resolution of the China Producer Party was passed, and the party's central organization was elected.

At 6 o'clock in the afternoon, the landmark "First Congress" was successfully concluded, and the delegates left Jiaxing city that night.

China * * * Production Party was proclaimed. The original boat swaying gently in the waves has become the cradle of China's * * * production party.